Display omitted
•A simple approach is proposed to fabricate a Janus-paper with superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity.•When the prepared mimosa-like Janus-paper is immersed in water, it bends ...immediately like mimosa.•Janus-paper can significantly improve the cell biocompatibility.•Superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces can be used for microdroplet transportation.
Janus-materials were processed though different characteristics integrate to achieve important functions which have aroused great interest among the scientific research and industrial applications. However, the facile fabrication of Janus-materials with the attributes of chemical-free, low-cost, and simple process is still a great challenge. Herein, inspired by the mimosa and lotus leaf, a Janus-paper with superhydrophobicity /superhydrophilicity is successfully fabricated by a conjunction of PDMS and candle soot coating. The water and sliding contact angles of the superhydrophobic surface are 162° and 1°, respectively, and it also shows a good antifouling properties and mechanical durability. Additionally, the cell biocompatibility of superhydrophobic surface is significantly improved, holding the potential as a cell culture carrier. Due to the inhomogeneous swelling inside the internal structure, the Janus-paper exhibits a mimosa-like behavior when immersed in water, endowing the actuation of a boat model on the water surface. Moreover, due to the different adhesions, the superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces can be used for microdroplet transportation and water storage devices. This bio-inspired approach provides a new generic route for fabrication of Janus-paper for potential multifunctional applications.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Emissions from candles are of concern for indoor air quality. In this work, five different types of pillar candles were burned under steady burn conditions in a new laboratory scale system for ...repeatable and controlled comparison of candle emissions (temperature ~25°C, relative humidity ~13%, O2 >18%, air exchange rate 1.9 h−1). Burn rate, particle number concentrations, mass concentrations, and mode diameters varied between candle types. Based on the results, the burning period was divided in two phases: initial (0–1 h) and stable (1–6 h). Burn rates were in the range 4.4–7.3 and 4.7–7.1 g/h during initial and stable phase, respectively. Relative particle number emissions, mode diameters, and mass concentrations were higher during the initial phase compared to the stable phase for a majority of the candles. We hypothesize that this is due to elevated emissions of wick additives upon ignition of the candle together with a slightly higher burn rate in the initial phase. Experiments at higher relative humidity (~40%) gave similar results with a tendency toward larger particle sizes at the higher relative humidity. Chemical composition with respect to inorganic salts was similar in the emitted particles (dry conditions) compared to the candlewicks, but with variations between different candles.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
CANDLE syndrome (
hronic
typical
eutrophilic
ermatosis with
ipodystrophy and
levated temperature) is a rare, genetic autoinflammatory disease due to abnormal functioning of the multicatalytic system ...proteasome-immunoproteasome. Several recessive mutations in different protein subunits of this system, located in one single subunit (monogenic, homozygous, or compound heterozygous) or in two different ones (digenic and compound heterozygous), cause variable defects in catalytic activity of the proteasome-immunoproteasome. The final result is a sustained production of type 1 interferons (IFNs) that can be very much increased by banal triggers such as cold, stress, or viral infections. Patients start very early in infancy with recurrent or even daily fevers, characteristic skin lesions, wasting, and a typical fat loss, all conferring the patients a unique and unmistakable phenotype. So far, no treatment has been effective for the treatment of CANDLE syndrome; the JAK inhibitor baricitinib seems to be partially helpful. In this article, a review in depth all the pathophysiological, clinical, and laboratory features of CANDLE syndrome is provided.
In this work, pillar candles are examined with eight varieties of candle wick having lengths from 1.0 mm to 19.5 mm and diameters from 1.4 mm to 3.2 mm using paraffin wax, beeswax, and soy wax as ...fuels. Experiments were undertaken to measure burning rate, flame height, flame width, and melt pool diameter using video and gravimetric analysis. Several properties of candle waxes were examined to understand their impact on burning rates and flame shapes. A model is proposed using the Spalding B-number with a novel wick efficiency model for burning rate accurate to ± 1.7 g/h (± 46%). The selection of wick was observed to have a strong impact on the burning rate of the candle flame. The Roper model for diffusion flames was found to provide a suitable estimate for the upper limit of flame lengths, and with the modification proposed in this work it can be used to predict candle flame lengths to within ± 10.4 mm. The width of candle flames was modelled using the Froude number and wax vapour specific gravity and was found to be accurate to within ± 1.69 mm (± 38%). The wick selection had no significant impact on the flame length or width external to its impact on burning rates. A numerical model for the diameter of the wax melt pool of a candle is presented and can be used to extend manufacturer data on melt pool sizes to other waxes. A simplified model is presented to relate the size of the melt pool to the heat release rate for various waxes.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Ice accumulation causes various problems in our daily life for human society. The daunting challenges in ice prevention and removal call for novel efficient antiicing strategies. Recently, ...photothermal materials have gained attention for creating icephobic surfaces owing to their merits of energy conservation and environmental friendliness. However, it is always challenging to get an ideal photothermal material which is cheap, easily fabricating, and highly photothermally efficient. Here, we demonstrate a low-cost, high-efficiency superhydrophobic photothermal surface, uniquely based on inexpensive commonly seen candle soot. It consists of three components: candle soot, silica shell, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) brushes. The candle soot provides hierarchical nano/microstructures and photothermal ability, the silica shell strengthens the hierarchical candle soot, and the grafted low-surface-energy PDMS brushes endow the surface with superhydrophobicity. Upon illumination under 1 sun, the surface temperature can increase by 53 °C, so that no ice can form at an environmental temperature as low as −50 °C and it can also rapidly melt the accumulated frost and ice in 300 s. The superhydrophobicity enables the melted water to slide away immediately, leaving a clean and dry surface. The surface can also self-clean, which further enhances its effectiveness by removing dust and other contaminants which absorb and scatter sunlight. In addition, after oxygen plasma treatment, the surface can restore superhydrophobicity with sunlight illumination. The presented icephobic surface shows great potential and broad impacts owing to its inexpensive component materials, simplicity, ecofriendliness, and high energy efficiency.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The prolonged operation of the motor in the all-electric aircraft can cause the fragmentation and shortening of grease thickener fibers, ultimately resulting in the lubricating grease becoming ...ineffective. In order to avoid grease failure causing motor winding burnout, this paper uses a four-ball friction testing machine to test the tribological properties of six composite greases containing candle soot with different concentrations, and analyzes the changes in friction coefficient and wear diameter. In addition, by building a test platform for motor vibration and noise, this paper studies the influence of lithium complex grease on vibration and noise characteristics of aviation electrical machine at different propeller speeds. The results show that the addition of 0.04 wt% candle soot lithium grease has the best tribological properties and vibration inhibition properties, because the candle soot in the oil film changes the sliding friction into rolling friction in the contact area of some friction pair. The temperature rise test of aviation electrical machine shows that the lithium complex grease plays an active role in the heat dissipation performance of the high-speed rotating motor.
•A new type of lithium complex grease with high wear resistance, excellent vibration damping was prepared.•The anti-wear and friction-reducing mechanism of the lithium complex grease was clarified.•The influence of lithium complex grease on motor vibration under different working conditions was clarified.•The vibration suppression mechanism of lithium complex grease was revealed.•The effect of lithium complex grease on the thermal stability of motor was investigated.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We developed a facile and widely applicable approach to fabricate multifunctional coatings by grafting functional polymer brushes on the silica-stabilized candle soot, which exhibited excellent ...near-infrared-activated biocidal ability and desired bioactivities such as antifouling property and controllable bioadhesion.
Display omitted
•A facile method is developed for fabrication of a multifunctional coating based on candle soot (CS).•The coating exhibits excellent near-infrared-activated biocidal ability due to the inherent photothermal property of CS.•The coating shows desired biofunctions originated from the grafted polymers, which are enhanced by the nanoscale structure of CS.
Functional coatings with desired bioactivities are required for various biomedical applications. Candle soot (CS) composed of carbon nanoparticles has attracted significant attention as a versatile component of functional coatings because of its unique physical and structural characteristics. However, the application of CS-based coatings in the biomedical field is still limited due to the lack of modification methods that can endow them with specific biofunctionality. Herein, a facile and widely applicable approach to fabricate multifunctional CS-based coatings is developed by grafting functional polymer brushes on the silica-stabilized CS. The resulting coatings not only exhibited excellent near-infrared-activated biocidal ability (the killing efficiency was over 99.99 %) due to the inherent photothermal property of CS but also showed desired biofunctions (such as antifouling property or controllable bioadhesion; the repelling efficiency and bacterial release ratio were nearly 90 %) originated from the grafted polymers. Moreover, these biofunctions were enhanced by the nanoscale structure of CS. Because the deposition of CS is a simple substrate-independent process while the grafting of polymer brushes via surface-initiated polymerization is applicable to a wide range of vinyl monomers, the proposed approach can be potentially used for the fabrication of multifunctional coatings and would extend the applications of CS in the biomedical field.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Candle soot (CS) nanoparticles exhibit excellent superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties, making them an ideal absorbent for separating oil and oil/water mixtures. Although their ...cost‐effectiveness is attractive, the challenges associated with recovering soot nanoparticles after oil absorption and producing secondary pollutants have limited their attention. Our study demonstrates the synthesis of CS nanoparticles embedded polystyrene (PS) nanofibrous membranes with excellent stability, surface‐to‐volume ratios, and flexibility. CS‐incorporated composite membrane with a rough surface showed a water contact angle (WCA) of 156° ± 1.5°, about 20% higher than the smooth pristine PS membrane. The CS‐based composite membrane also demonstrated improved performance as an absorbent, owing to its hydrophobic characteristics linked with surface roughness when employed for separating oil from oil/water mixtures. Furthermore, when exposed to four different oils, the CS‐based membrane displayed a higher absorption capacity (up to ≈120 g oil/g membrane) than the pristine membrane. Using a gravity‐assisted continuous oil/water separation setup, we measured the oil permeate flux using nanofiber mats as a membrane. Compared to the original membrane, the modified membrane showed enhanced oil permeate flux of ~2873 ± 122 L m−2 h−1 and separation efficiency of over 99%.
A superhydrophobic polystyrene nanofibrous membrane embedded with candle soot nanoparticles was fabricated using the electrospinning technique. Nanofibrous membranes incorporated with candle soot nanoparticles were used to separate miscible and immiscible oil/water mixtures. The nanoparticle‐incorporated membrane demonstrated higher oil permeate flux than the pristine polystyrene nanofiber‐based membrane. The enhanced oil sorption capacity and permeate flux of the modified membrane were attributed to improved surface roughness and surface functional groups.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Display omitted
Recently, carbon materials have attracted much attention in activating persulfate (PS) for the removal of organic pollutants. Seeking a greener, lower-cost, and higher-performance ...carbon material has become an important aspect of research. In this study, candle soot was innovatively used as a nanocarbon material, and its performance for PS activation was improved by simple ammonium ferric citrate modification. The optimal catalytic performance was achieved using 0.15 g/L modified candle soot (AS) and only 0.1 mM PS, with sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal efficiency up to 95.5% within 120 min. Quenching tests, together with electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, showed that O2− and 1O2 were the main reactive species for SMX degradation. Meanwhile, electron transfer pathway was also occurred. Various characterization results showed that graphitic N and carbonyl group were the main active sites for PS activation. Moreover, AS/PS system exhibited high catalytic activity and stability for SMX degradation over a wide initial pH range (3∼9), or even in the presence of Cl−, H2PO4− and NO3−. This work not only taps the potential of candle soot as an environmental functional material, but also showcases the roadmap for the discovery, design, and resource utilization of other waste carbon materials in wastewater treatment.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
PEI/GF lamination and TI6AL4V alloy are often related to the poor wettability of PEI to TI6AL4V alloy at the interface layer. To overcome these problems, an in situ synthetic candle soot reinforcing ...coating on TI6AL4V alloy was added into the place of the bonding area. The mechanical properties of composite joints were evaluated by single lap shear strength (LSS) tensile test. The mechanism of strengthening TI6AL4V-PEI/GF joint by candle ash was compared.
PDF
