Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have been considered as essential components for various applications including sensors, quantum dots, electrocatalysts, energy storages, lubrication, and functional ...coatings. Uniform and functional CNP materials can be obtained from candle soot. However, the production of CNPs from candle soot is not a continuous process, limiting the practical production and applications of such materials. Here, a rotating-deposition and separation system for high-efficiency production of low-cost and high-quality CNPs from candle soot is presented. The characteristic of CNPs can be controlled by adjusting the system parameters. Moreover, obtained CNPs can act as photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coatings on various substrates. With a sliding angle of less than 3°, water drops can keep rolling off without further nucleation of ice. The reported preparing method is suitable for large-scale applications and various kinds of surfaces and shows great potentials in the growing demands of anti-icing.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The softness and ductility of copper can lead to high levels of wear and friction when it encounters other surfaces, which can be detrimental in certain applications. Therefore, improving the ...tribological properties of copper, such as by coatings or surface treatments, can help to mitigate these issues and make copper even more versatile and useful in a wider range of applications. Accordingly, in this study, functional particles were produced by electroless coating process by providing an electroless Ni-P/candle-soot (CS) nanoparticle (1%vol.) coating layer around each of the flake copper powders followed by production of final materials by flake powder metallurgy including hot-pressing. The wear surfaces were thoroughly analysed using SEM and EDS techniques which allows for the examination of morphological and microstructural characteristics. Due to the homogeneous distribution of Ni-P/CS additives on the interface, the tensile and wear resistances have shown approximately 250% and 1300% increase, respectively, compared to the additive-free Cu materials. While the Ni-P interface in Cu materials caused a decrease in electrical conductivity, the addition of CS resulted in approximately 14% improvement in electrical conductivity. It was showed that electroless Ni-P coatings provide a hard, wear-resistant surface with lubricative CS that protects against wear, making them ideal for use in applications such as aerospace, automotive, and electronic industries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Candle soot carbon nanoparticles (CSC-np) collected from candle burning can be converted into an effective universal anode for metal-ion (M-ion; M = Li, Na and K) batteries. As-collected CSC-np ...particles exhibiting fractal-like interconnected porous carbon nanostructure chains are annealed in air (at 350 °C) and Ar (at 750 °C). The effect of annealing conditions on the structural and electrochemical performance of CSC-np are evaluated. Electrochemical studies show that a two-step annealing process yield most efficient anode and possess superior electrochemical performance for all three Li-, Na- and K-ion batteries compared to CSC-np either annealed only in air or in Ar. As-collected CSC-np, though electrochemically active, exhibit poor characteristics emphasizing the importance of annealing conditions required to activate it to be used as an appropriate anode for M-ion battery application. Detailed structural, microstructural and chemical analyses were made on CSC-np. These studies suggest that crystallinity, surface area and chemical composition of two-step annealing of CSC-np are found to be most favourable for high capacity M-ion storage. At low charging rate, capacity (current-rate) of 1247 mAh g−1 (0.15 A g−1), 461 mAh g−1 (0.02 A g−1) and 406 mAh g−1 (0.02 A g−1) and at high charging rate, capacity of 237 mAh g−1 (25 A g−1), 124 mAh g−1 (25 A g−1) and 22 mAh g−1 (15 A g−1) are realized in Li-, Na- and K-ion batteries, respectively.
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•Candle soot carbon nanoparticles (CSC-np) is used as for metal-ion batteries.•CSC-np can be made as universal anode after two-step heat treatment.•Annealing in air (350 °C) followed by Ar (750 °C) yields most efficient anode.•Heat treated CSC-np exhibited high capacity Li-, Na- and K-ion storage.•Simple two-step heat treatment activates CSC-np in to an effective anode.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•The CNPs are synthesized from candle soot by using a simple deposition technique were proposed.•The nonlinearity of the CNPs was measured through the twin detector method. The modulation depth were ...studied.•CNPs-SA provides better long-term stability with a high damage threshold and a better tolerance were investigated.
The carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) are demonstrated to be capable of acting as a saturable absorber (SA) for the Q-switching of an erbium doped fiber laser (EDFL). The Q-switched EDFL based on CNPs-SA emits at a central wavelength of 1566 nm with a 3 dB spectral bandwidth of 1.72 nm. The radio-frequency (RF) spectrum has a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 42 dB at the fundamental repetiton rate, indicating a good pulse stability. The stable pulse operation can be maintained under the pump power of ranging from 28 to 272 mW. The pulse repetition frequency increases from 12.26 to 73.30 kHz, and the pulse narrows down from 23.32 to 6.27 μs, correspondingly. In addition, we investigate the nonlinear saturable absorption property of CNPs, and measure the SA’s damange threshold as well as the modulation depth. The synthesized CNPs are also characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy dispersive X-rays (EDX), Raman, Photoluminescence (PL), X-rays diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. These experimental results reveal that CNPs-based SAs can be equivalent or even superior to the widely used nanoparticle SAs, and will have potential applications for pulsed laser sources.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this article, we report a facile and inexpensive approach to synthesize fractal-like interconnected network of carbon nanoparticles from candle soot and its direct application as anode material ...for high-rate lithium ion batteries used for electric vehicles. At low charge/discharge rate (0.5C), an initial discharge capacity was found to be 1997mAh/g with moderate 30% coulombic efficiency that increased to 91% after 10 cycles. More importantly, at very high charge/discharge rate (10C), reversible capacity was stabilized at 170mAh/g even after 1000 cycles. This remarkable electrochemical performance may be ascribed to unique morphology of these hard carbon nanoparticles that reduces the diffusion length and also allows fast adsorption/desorption of Li ions on their surface.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Herein, water‐dispersible carbon nano‐onion clusters (CNOCs) with an average hydrodynamic size of ≈90 nm are prepared by simply sonicating candle soot in a mixture of oxidizing acid. The obtained ...CNOCs have high photothermal conversion efficiency (57.5%), excellent aqueous dispersibility (stable in water for more than a year without precipitation), and benign biocompatibility. After polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modification, the resultant CNOCs‐PEI‐PEG have a high photothermal conversion efficiency (56.5%), and can realize after‐wash photothermal cancer cell ablation due to their ultrahigh cellular uptake (21.3 pg/cell), which is highly beneficial for the selective ablation of cancer cells via light‐triggered intracellular heat generation. More interestingly, the cellular uptake of CNOCs‐PEI‐PEG is so high that the internalized nanoagents can be directly observed under a microscope without fluorescent labeling. Besides, in vivo experiments reveal that CNOCs‐PEI‐PEG can be used for photothermal/photoacoustic dual‐modal imaging‐guided photothermal therapy after intravenous administration. Furthermore, CNOCs‐PEI‐PEG can be efficiently cleared from the mouse body within a week, ensuring their excellent long‐term biosafety. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the first example of using candle soot as raw material to prepare water‐dispersible onion‐like carbon nanomaterials for cancer theranostics is represented herein.
Carbon nano‐onion clusters with high photothermal conversion efficiency, excellent aqueous dispersibility, and good biocompatibility are prepared by simply sonicating candle soot in a mixture of oxidizing acid. After surface modification with polyethylenimine and poly(ethylene glycol), the modified clusters can realize extremely high cellular uptake and achieve imaging‐guided photothermal ablation of tumor.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Preventing icing on exposed surfaces is important in our daily life. However, the transparent and durable anti-icing coating is still a challenge. In this work, we demonstrated a transparent oxidized ...polydimethylsiloxane/hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (PDMS(O)/HDTMS) coating on slide by using the candle soot (CS) as a sacrificial template. The CS as a product of incomplete combustion of candles with a porous network chain structure was firstly deposited on the PDMS coated slide. After a calcination treatment, the CS was removed while the PDMS layer was oxidized and inherited the unique structure of the CS and became transparent and superhydrophilic. With the help of the HDTMS modification, the final PDMS(O)/HDTMS coating exhibited surperhydrophobic property (WCA = 163°, SA < 1°). The coating can preserve its surperhydrophobic state after different mechanical abrasion, acid/base, UV light exposure and icing/thawing cycles. Beneficial from its surperhydrophobic feature, the coating not only postponed the freezing time of the water droplet from 229 to 1022 s, but also enabled the ice slide away by gravity. In addition, the PDMS(O)/HDTMS was successfully used on the glass insulator to delay the ice accumulation. This work provides a facile and environmentally-friendly method to obtain transparent and durable anti-icing coating.
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•PDMS with a porous network structure is obtained using CS as a sacrificial template.•The synergistic effect between the coated micro-nanostructure and HDTMS results in a icephobic surface.•The PDMS/HDTMS icephobic coating is transparent and has good mechanical properties.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Supernovae are the most gorgeous fireworks that people can observe in the universe. Their explosion can produce a maximum luminosity 10 billion times that of the Sun, helping scientists see farther. ...Type Ia supernovae can be used as a standard candle to facilitate measurement of the distance between galaxies in the universe. A supernova explosion will also propel a large number of heavy elements into interstellar space, which is a major driving force for the chemical evolution of galaxies. In addition, supernovae are crucial to the origin of elements in the Milky Way, the formation of the structure of the solar system, and the evolution of life on the Earth. The study of supernovae will further enrich our understanding of the universe and help us solve the mysteries of the expansion of the universe, the generation of heavy elements, and the origin of life. At present, scientists predict that the next supernova will explode at any time, and preparations are in progress for observing the coming supernova.
As a novel composite material for laser ultrasound transducer, candle soot nanoparticles polydimethylsiloxane (CSPs-PDMS) has been demonstrated to generate high frequency, broadband, and ...high-amplitude ultrasound waves. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the high-optoacoustic conversion efficiency exhibited by the composite. A thermal-acoustic coupling model was proposed for analyzing the performance of the composite. The theoretical result matches well with the experimental observation. The acoustic beam profile was compared with Field II simulation results. The 4.41 × 10 -3 energy conversion coefficient and 21 MHz--6 dB frequency bandwidth of the composite suggest that CSPs-PDMS composites is promising for a broad range of ultrasound therapy and non-destructive testing applications.
