Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) derived from candle soot were used to prepare an efficient electrode of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). The candle soot were deposited on an ultrafine stainless steel (SS) ...wire disk, and the SS disk-supported CNPs were directly used as the electrodes. The physico-electro-chemical characterization tests showed the prepared electrode materials to be hierarchically porous, graphitic, and mechanically and electrochemically stable. The polarization studies using linear sweep voltammetry analysis revealed the maximum open circuit potential, power and current densities of the fabricated MFC to be 0.68 ± 0.03 V, 1650 ± 50 mW/m2 and 7135 ± 110 mA/m2 respectively. The method of preparation for the soot-derived CNP-based electrode material is simple, cost-effective, reproducible, and scalable, and the fabricated MFC has potential for producing high bioenergy.
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•Successful fabrication of MFC electrodes from the CNPs generated from candle soot.•The graphitic CNPs facilitated electron transfer at the electrode surface.•High OCP (0.68 V) and power density (1650 mW/m2) produced using the DCMFC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
A hydrophobic and superoleophilic adsorbent was prepared by coating candle soot (CS) on the surface of a recycled egg carton material (ECM). This waste material has been explored as a cost-effective ...adsorbent to remove oil and detergent from water. The surface of the material was coated with CS solution prepared by mixing soot with acetone and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. The rate of fall of contact angle for water and oil was evident of water rejection and oil absorption capability of the coated-waste material. Further, the effect of temperature on the contact angle between water and surface was observed. The carbon-coated ECM demonstrates good absorption capacity with oils of different densities, without pre-treatments and surface modifications. It also shows its capability to absorb detergent from water with a pH value declining towards 7. Thus, a waste material can act as an effective alternative for filtering of oil and detergent water for households and industries.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has been considered as a potential pathway for yielding freshwater from seawater. However, the significant reduction of the evaporation rate has become an ...immediate problem because of the inevitable salt accumulation on evaporators during long-term evaporation, especially for highly saline water. Here, a novel efficient linen fiber-based solar steam generator by combination of broadband light absorption, superhydrophilicity, and a unique transition layer of water between a solar evaporator and a thermal insulator for simultaneously enhanced thermal management and water supply is reported. Through coupling of enhanced thermal management and sufficient water supply, the as-prepared solar steam generator achieves an excellent evaporation rate of 1.447 kg·m–2·h–1 and a conversion efficiency of over 90% under 1 sun irradiation in 20 wt % saline water. Our investigation in this work may open up a simple and new avenue to design and fabricate a low cost and effective solar receiver toward highly saline water desalination.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
45.
Genetic interferonopathies: An overview Eleftheriou, Despina; Brogan, Paul A.
Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology,
August 2017, 2017-Aug, 2017-08-00, 20170801, Volume:
31, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Interferonopathies comprise an expanding group of monogenic diseases characterised by disturbance of the homeostatic control of interferon (IFN)-mediated immune responses. Although differing in the ...degree of phenotypic expression and severity, the clinical presentation of these diseases shows a considerable degree of overlap, reflecting their common pathogenetic mechanisms. Increased understanding of the molecular basis of these Mendelian disorders has led to the identification of targeted therapies for these diseases, which could also be of potential relevance for non-genetic IFN-mediated diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile dermatomyositis. In this paper, we summarise the current knowledge of the molecular basis, clinical features and the treatment available for monogenic interferonopathies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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•Slow-release PSC-assisted ECO of 2-MNA was investigated.•Pseudo-first-order rate constant increased with Cl− but decreased with and HCO3−.•PSC/ECO + Cl− exhibited radical oxidation ...and PSC/ECO + SO42− followed non-radical oxidation.•Chlorinated byproducts in the presence of Cl− were identified by LC–MS.
Slow-release persulfate candle (PSC)-assisted electrochemical oxidation (ECO) of 2-methylnaphthalene (2-MNA) in an undivided cell using graphite-sheet electrodes was investigated using Fe(II) as an activator. The effects of anions (Cl−, SO42−, and HCO3−) were investigated. In the PSC/ECO/Fe(II), the highest pseudo-first-order rate constant (kobs) and % removal was achieved by adding Cl− (2.723 h−1, 75.2%) followed by SO42− (1.753 h−1, 63.9 %) and HCO3− (0.047 h−1, 3.3%). Addition of Cl− played a critical role in improving the removal efficiency by inducing OH and SO4− oxidations, while SO42– reduced the efficiency due to non-radical oxidation, as elucidated by electron spin resonance (ESR). Furthermore, in the PSC/ECO/Fe(II) + Cl−, dominant radical was changed from SO4− to OH. Scavenger experiments also confirmed that Cl− and SO42− ions are controlling the oxidation reaction. Two chlorinated byproducts analyzed by LC–MS were identified in PSC/ECO/Fe(II) + Cl− system.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We analyzed the third harmonic generation (THG) of 1064 nm, 28 ps radiation in the candle and ethanol flames. The formation of soot nanoparticles in the candle flame led to the increase of third ...harmonic yield compared to the ethanol flame. 12- and 24-fold enhancement of the third harmonic yield in candle and ethanol flames compared to the THG in air was achieved. The influence of the nonlinear refraction in air and combustion flames on the phase-matching conditions of THG was found responsible for deviation from the cubic I3ω (Iω) dependence. THG conversion efficiencies of Nd:YAG laser radiation were found to be 1 × 10−5, 1.2 × 10−4 and 2.4 × 10−4 in the cases of air, carbon flame and ethanol flame media, respectively. Furthermore, the super-hydrophobic properties of the deposited carbon species from the candle flame were demonstrated.
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•Direct synthesis of fractal-like carbon nanoparticles derived from candle soot.•Carbon nanoparticles decorated carbon nanofiber hybrid structure as a flexible anode.•The binder-free ...anode delivered a high initial discharge capacity of 1030 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1.•Good rate capability and high stability at a high current rate.
This work demonstrates a unique fractal-like candle soot-derived carbon nanoparticles (CSC) decorated onto nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (CSC@N-CNFs) by a one-step electrospinning process as a self-standing flexible anode for lithium-ion battery (LIB). The CSC nanoparticles exhibit a short-range ordered structure with large interlayer spacing for enhanced Li ion storage. In addition, the N-CNFs provide flexibility and stability to prevent volume expansion during electrochemical reactions. The synergistic impact of the hybrid structure provides the flexible anode with a high initial discharge capacity of 1030 mAh/g at 0.1C with an outstanding coulombic efficiency of ∼100% at 30C (5 A/g). The enhanced performance is due to the increased electrical conductivity from N-doping from CNFs, the hard carbon morphology of CSC nanoparticles, the 3D interconnected nanofiber framework, and the binder-free flexible nature.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Thermally treated candle soot (TCS) was used as a two-electron (2e¯) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst to in situ produce H2O2 in a bio-electro-Fenton (BEF) system. Compared with the pristine ...candle soot (CS), TCS showed larger Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (102.54 m2 g−1 vs. 61.79 m2 g−1), higher mesoporous ratio (50.39% vs. 34.98%), and improved hydrophilicity. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) results revealed that the C–O–C was the dominant oxygen-containing group of the CS, and its percentage reached at 80.55%. However, the C–O–C ratio of the TCS decreased to 48.93%, whilst it’s CO and OC–O ratios significantly increased to 27.92% and 23.15%. The TCS showed a high H2O2 selectivity (87.5%∼97.0%) at the neutral pH condition, which was much higher than that of the commonly used carbon black (CB) catalyst. Finally, the H2O2 concentration maxima (Cmax-H2O2) of the bio-electro-Fenton system running with the TCS air-cathode (BEF-TCS) achieved at 32.02 mg/L, which was 6.29 times higher than that of the BEF-CB (5.09 mg/L). The removal and mineralization ratios of the SMX in the BEF-TCS reached at 83.0% and 79.0%, respectively. This paper reported a novel 2e¯ ORR electro-catalyst which was low-cost, easily available and highly efficiency.
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•Thermally treated candle soot (TCS) was verified as an effective 2e¯-ORR catalyst.•Surface OC–O group and mesoporous are vital factors for high H2O2 selectivity.•The Cmax-H2O2 of the BEF-TCS was increased to 32.02 mg/L.•The removal ratios of the sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in BEF-TCS reached at 83.0%.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Separation of floating oil/water and stable emulsions is important for the oil industries and the environment for profitability and environmental protection. In the present work, we report a simple ...method of making macroporous monoliths by ice-templating, followed by their surface hydrophobization by the adsorption of candle soot particles (CSPs). With an increase in the loading of nano-sized CSPs (average diameter 55 nm) on monoliths, their surface coverage by CSPs increased gradually. This resulted in an increase in water contact angle from 0º to ~130º, revealing increased and controllable hydrophobicity. Thus, hydrophilic, omniphilic, oleophilic, and elastic monoliths were easily obtained and used as sponges. Pristine monolith (S0) has its maximum absorption capacity of 30, 5, 6, and 7.5 times its weight for water, heptane, paraffin oil, and toluene, respectively. This suggested that although S0 is a good absorbent, it lacks selectivity for emulsion separation. In contrast, the one with complete and uniform surface coverage by CSPs (S5) showed its maximum absorption capacity of 2, 10, 12, 13 times its weight for water, heptane, paraffin oil, and toluene, respectively. Further, S5 was used for the separation of stable water-in-gasoline and water-in-toluene emulsions with separation efficiency of 95% of gasoline and 98% of toluene, respectively. This superior performance of S5 is attributed to its macroporous structure with uniform and complete surface coverage by CSPs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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