Entering an already crowded and established industry, the Niles Car & Manufacturing Company in Ohio began business with surprising success, producing well over 1,000 electric and steam railway ...cars-cars so durable they rarely needed to be replaced. That durability essentially put the company out of business, and it vanished from the scene as quickly as it had appeared, leaving little behind except its sturdy railway cars. The story of this highly regarded company spans just 16 years, from Niles's incorporation in 1901 to the abandonment of railway car production and sale of the property to a firm that would briefly build engine parts during World War I. Including unpublished photographs and rosters of railway cars produced by the company and still in existence in railroad museums, The Electric Pullman will appeal to railroad enthusiasts everywhere.
The connected and automated vehicle (CAV) is a promising piece of technology, anticipated to enhance the safety and effectiveness of mobility. Advanced sensing technologies and control algorithms, ...working to acquire environmental data, analyze data, and regulate vehicle movements, are key functional components of CAVs. In recent years, the creation of innovative sensing technologies for CAVs has gained substantial attention. CAVs can now interpret sensory data to more accurately detect impediments, track their locations, navigate autonomously in a dynamic environment, and communicate with other nearby vehicles. This has been made possible by advancements in sensing technology. Additionally, by utilizing computer vision and other sensing techniques, the bodily movements, facial expressions, and even mental states of in-cabin persons can be identified.
The automotive industry has always been synonymous with research and innovation, but nowadays the industry is adding pressure and is establishing the agenda of the researchers from the field. Visions ...have been provided, and the hardware and the software exist; the only question remaining is: “who is going to deliver”? To answer this question, we encouraged scientists, researchers, industry specialists, and academics to share their vision of autonomous vehicles. What will the platform look like? What kind of hardware and software is most suitable? Who will make the connection between these two interdependent environments (and how), so that in the end the AI will define the process? These are the pressing issues of the current moment, and this Special Issue will help all those interested in the topic to promote their vision and ideas. Since the automotive field does not belong to a classical scientific field but has become an independent self-made scientific branch, all those who felt that they could contribute to this highly dynamic environment were requested to join in promoting their particular research or reviews in this Special Issue coordinated from both academia and the industry.
•Results of a choice experiment on preferences of Dutch private car owners for alternative fuel vehicles.•Driving range and refueling times strongly determine preferences for electric and fuel cell ...cars.•Consumer preferences for AFVs and AFV characteristics are heterogeneous to a large extent.•Preferences are affected by weight of the car, owning a caravan, annual mileage and commuting frequency.•Early adopters of electric and fuel cell cars may be found among people with low annual mileage.
This paper presents results of an online stated choice experiment on preferences of Dutch private car owners for alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and their characteristics. Results show that negative preferences for alternative fuel vehicles are large, especially for the electric and fuel cell car, mostly as a result of their limited driving range and considerable refueling times. Preference for AFVs increases considerably with improvements on driving range, refueling time and fuel availability. Negative AFV preferences remain, however, also with substantial improvements in AFV characteristics; the remaining willingness to accept is on average € 10,000–€ 20,000 per AFV. Results from a mixed logit model show that consumer preferences for AFVs and AFV characteristics are heterogeneous to a large extent, in particular for the electric car, additional detour time and fuel time for the electric and fuel cell car. An interaction model reveals that annual mileage is by far the most important factor that determines heterogeneity in preferences for the electric and fuel cell car. When annual mileage increases, the preference for electric and fuel cell cars decreases substantially, whilst the willingness to pay for driving range increases substantially. Other variables such as using the car for holidays abroad and the daily commute also appear to be relevant for car choice.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Widespread deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) has changed network services in which people, processes, data, and things connect each other. According to Cisco, 500 billion devices are ...expected to be connected to the Internet by 2030, where IoT is the network of these connected devices. Currently, most advanced IoT devices are equipped with visual sensors, making up the so-called visual IoT (V-IoT). By means of advanced performance capabilities of 5G and AI infrastructures, V-IoT technologies are widely used in autonomous cars, immersive video, smart cities and more.
Abstract
This article deals with the problem of the effective use of car jacks for passenger cars. The aim of the study is to create a theoretical basis for improving the efficiency and safety of the ...application of car jacks in car service enterprises. Based on the analysis of the review of existing designs, which are used in the technological process of car service, the universal classification of the car jack is modernized. As a result of the study, a comparison of technical indicators of the types of car jacks used in car service centers in Kazakhstan has been carried out. We propose an optimal range of load capacity. The results of the work, when implemented in the practice of design, will provide a reasonable reduction in the present costs of equipping the lifting equipment in car service stations and the operation of car jacks at the expense of more advanced methods of calculation and design.
Using a representative survey with 1317 individuals and 12,815 moral decisions, we elicit Swedish citizens' preferences on how algorithms for self-driving cars should be programmed in cases of ...unavoidable harm to humans. Participants' choices in different dilemma situations (treatments) show that, at the margin, the average respondent values the lives of passengers and pedestrians equally when both groups are homogeneous and no group is to blame for the dilemma. In comparison, the respondent values the lives of passengers more when the pedestrians violate a social norm, and less when the pedestrians are children. Furthermore, we explain why the average respondent in the control treatment needs to be compensated with two to six passengers spared in order to sacrifice the first pedestrian, even though she values the lives of passengers and pedestrians equally at the margin. We conclude that respondents' choices are highly contextual and consider the age of the persons involved and whether these persons have complied with social norms.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Information and communication technologies have opened the way to new solutions for urban mobility that provide better ways to match individuals with on-demand vehicles. However, a fundamental ...unsolved problem is how best to size and operate a fleet of vehicles, given a certain demand for personal mobility. Previous studies
either do not provide a scalable solution or require changes in human attitudes towards mobility. Here we provide a network-based solution to the following 'minimum fleet problem', given a collection of trips (specified by origin, destination and start time), of how to determine the minimum number of vehicles needed to serve all the trips without incurring any delay to the passengers. By introducing the notion of a 'vehicle-sharing network', we present an optimal computationally efficient solution to the problem, as well as a nearly optimal solution amenable to real-time implementation. We test both solutions on a dataset of 150 million taxi trips taken in the city of New York over one year
. The real-time implementation of the method with near-optimal service levels allows a 30 per cent reduction in fleet size compared to current taxi operation. Although constraints on driver availability and the existence of abnormal trip demands may lead to a relatively larger optimal value for the fleet size than that predicted here, the fleet size remains robust for a wide range of variations in historical trip demand. These predicted reductions in fleet size follow directly from a reorganization of taxi dispatching that could be implemented with a simple urban app; they do not assume ride sharing
, nor require changes to regulations, business models, or human attitudes towards mobility to become effective. Our results could become even more relevant in the years ahead as fleets of networked, self-driving cars become commonplace
.
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40.
Chinese automotive market: Сurrent state and prospects Kiryukhina, Svetlana E.; Mikheshkina, Ekaterina E.
Vestnik Rossiĭskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Serii͡a︡ Ėkonomika,
12/2023, Volume:
31, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
China occupies a significant position in the world market and is one of the countries that is developing rapidly and increasingly introducing new technologies into various sectors of the economy. ...Thus, one of the most important industries is the automotive industry, influencing the national economy and the global mechanical engineering market. In recent years, the Chinese economy has occupied a leading position in the world market in exports and imports of cars, production growth and sales of new cars. Even during the pandemic, where many countries faced an economic crisis, China was able to recover quickly. The investigation is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of the main economic indicators of the automotive industry and its impact on the PRC economy. To identify the level of efficiency of this industry, statistical methods were used in the work, thanks to which leaders in sales and production of new cars were identified, as well as China’s place and share in the world market in terms of exports and imports. Using an analysis of literary sources, the trends that are observed in various countries and their interrelation were substantiated. Analysis carried out on goods of group 8703 “passenger cars and other motor vehicles intended primarily for the transport of people (other than motor vehicles of heading 8702), including utility vans and racing cars” on the domestic market of the People’s Republic of China from 2008 to 2022 year, showed economic activity and trends in various periods. The most important factors are highlighted that played at the macroeconomic and microeconomic level: economic, political and social factors. Econometric methods were used to forecast sales in the Chinese domestic market. The forecast is based on a logarithmic trend model, which has a high approximation accuracy, which was later used for a model with an additive component and a multiplicative model. For the predicted volume of vehicle sales, the accuracy of the forecast was assessed using error calculations, which showed that the deviation from the actual one, up or down, was 1.37 million vehicles.
