In this study, to explore the effect of Co contents on the electroplated Fe–Co–Ni samples, three different Fe–Co33–Ni62, Fe–Co43–Ni53, and Fe–Co61–Ni36 samples were electrochemically grown from ...Plating Solutions (PSs) containing different amounts of Co ions on indium tin oxide substrates. Compositional analysis showed that an increase in the Co ion concentration in the PS gives rise to an increment in the weight fraction of Co in the sample. In all samples, the co–deposition characteristic was described as anomalous. The samples exhibited a predominant reflection from the (111) plane of the face–centered cubic structure. However, the Fe–Co61–Ni36 sample also had a weak reflection from the (100) plane of the hexagonal close–packed structure of Co. An enhancement in the Co contents caused a strong decrement in the crystallinity, resulting in a decrease in the size of the crystallites. The Fe–Co33–Ni62 sample exhibited a more compact surface structure comprising only cauliflower–like agglomerates, while the Fe–Co43–Ni53 and Fe–Co61–Ni36 samples had a surface structure consisting of both pyramidal particles and cauliflower–like agglomerates. The results also revealed that different Co contents play an important role in the surface roughness parameters. From the magnetic analysis of the samples, it was understood that the Fe–Co61–Ni36 sample has a higher coercive field and magnetic squareness ratio than the Fe–Co43–Ni53 and Fe–Co33–Ni62 samples. The differences observed in the magnetic characteristics of the samples were attributed to the changes revealed in their phase structure and surface roughness parameters. The obtained results are the basis for the fabrication of future magnetic devices.
Ascorbate (AsA) is the most abundant antioxidant in plant cells and a cofactor for a large number of key enzymes. However, the mechanism of how AsA levels are regulated in plant cells remains ...unknown. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) activation-tagged mutant AT23040 showed a pleiotropic phenotype, including ozone resistance, rapid growth, and leaves containing higher AsA than wild-type plants. The phenotype was caused by activation of a purple acid phosphatase (PAP) gene, AtPAP15, which contains a dinuclear metal center in the active site. AtPAP15 was universally expressed in all tested organs in wild-type plants. Overexpression of AtPAP15 with the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter produced mutants with up to 2-fold increased foliar AsA, 20% to 30% decrease in foliar phytate, enhanced salt tolerance, and decreased abscisic acid sensitivity. Two independent SALK T-DNA insertion mutants in AtPAP15 had 30% less foliar AsA and 15% to 20% more phytate than wild-type plants and decreased tolerance to abiotic stresses. Enzyme activity of partially purified AtPAP15 from plant crude extract and recombinant AtPAP15 expressed in bacteria and yeast was highest when phytate was used as substrate, indicating that AtPAP15 is a phytase. Recombinant AtPAP15 also showed enzyme activity on the substrate myoinositol-1-phosphate, indicating that the AtPAP15 is a phytase that hydrolyzes myoinositol hexakisphosphate to yield myoinositol and free phosphate. Myoinositol is a known precursor for AsA biosynthesis in plants. Thus, AtPAP15 may modulate AsA levels by controlling the input of myoinositol into this branch of AsA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Antioxidant phytochemicals such as vitamin C,
β-carotene, lutein,
α-tocopherol, and total phenolics were estimated in fresh samples at the edible maturity stage in different genotypes of cruciferous ...vegetables using a reverse-phase HPLC system. Maximum mean vitamin C (52.9
mg/100
g),
β-carotene (0.81
mg/100
g), lutein (0.68
mg/100
g),
dl-
α-tocopherol content (0.47
mg/100
g) and phenol content (63.4
mg/100
g) was recorded in broccoli. Results indicate that the cruciferous vegetables are a relatively good source of abundant antioxidants, and there is a substantial and significant variation, both within and between the subspecies, for the antioxidant phytochemicals.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Key message
The genetic locus for leaf trichome was identified via marker-based mapping and SNP microarray assay, and a functional marker was developed to facilitate the breeding for hairiness in
...Brassica oleracea
.
Plant trichomes are involved in various functions particularly in protecting plants against some biotic and abiotic damages. In the present study, an F2 segregating population was developed from the cross between a glabrous cultivated
B. oleracea
(CC, 2
n
= 18) and a hairy wild relative,
B. incana
(CC, 2
n
= 18). A 1:3 segregation pattern between glabrous and hairy plants was detected among 1063 F2 genotypes, and the locus for hairiness was mapped in a 4.3-cM genetic region using 267 SSR markers among 149 F2 genotypes, corresponding to a 17.6-Mb genomic region on chromosome C01. To narrow the genetic region for hairiness, the Brassica 60 K SNP Bead Chip Arrays were applied to genotype 64 glabrous and 30 hairy F2 plants, resulting in a 1.04-Mb single peak region located in the 17.6-Mb interval. A candidate gene,
BoTRY,
was identified by qRT-PCR which revealed significant higher expression in glabrous F2 genotypes as compared with that in hairy plants. A cleaved amplified polymorphic site marker was successfully developed to distinguish the sequence variations of
BoTRY
between hairy and glabrous plants. Our study will be helpful for molecular breeding for hairiness in
B. oleracea
.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The objective of the paper was to show various options of using by author an automated stand with computer image analysis for control of plant germination on the example of cauliflower Brassica ...oleracea L. ‘Pionier” variety. The developed system consisted of a mobile platform equipped with the acquisition and image processing system based on Raspberry PL processor. Germination of cauliflower seeds was the object of observation, which in one case were sown to soil after dressing them with plant extracts (sweet flag
L., great burdock roots
L.). In the other case, undressed seeds were sown in the place of previous application of the above-mentioned extracts. The use of a robot for monitoring plant germination enabled the automated analysis of the investigated material with higher frequency than it has been possible so far. Simultaneously, higher germination was reported when seeds were treated with macerates and extracts from great burdock roots.
Polyamines play pivotal roles in plant defense to environmental stresses. However, stress tolerance of genetically engineered plants for polyamine biosynthesis has been little examined so far. We ...cloned spermidine synthase cDNA from Cucurbita ficifolia and the gene was introduced to Arabidopsis thaliana under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. The transgene was stably integrated and actively transcribed in the transgenic plants. As compared with the wild-type plants, the T2 and T3 transgenic plants exhibited a significant increase in spermidine synthase activity and spermidine content in leaves together with enhanced tolerance to various stresses including chilling, freezing, salinity, hyperosmosis, drought, and paraquat toxicity. During exposure to chilling stress (5 deg C), the transgenics displayed a remarkable increase in arginine decarboxylase activity and conjugated spermidine contents in leaves compared to the wild type. A cDNA microarray analysis revealed that several genes were more abundantly transcribed in the transgenics than in the wild type under chilling stress. These genes included those for stress-responsive transcription factors such as DREB and stress-protective proteins like rd29A. These results strongly suggest an important role for spermidine as a signaling regulator in stress signaling pathways, leading to build-up of stress tolerance mechanisms in plants under stress conditions.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cu–Zr thin films electrodeposited on indium tin oxide glasses from aqueous solutions containing potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate using rectangular pulse current over a frequency range of ...0.5–1.4 MHz were investigated. Resonant frequencies at which the Zr content in the Cu–Zr thin films was maximum were identified using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A resonant frequency interval between the neighboring resonant frequencies was 0.26 MHz on average. The resonant frequencies and resonant frequency interval were explained in terms of an energy level transition between the Fermi energy level of electron in the indium tin oxide and quantized rotational energy level of a complex ion comprising Zr and tartaric ions in the aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the Cu–Zr thin film was an alloy composed of Cu and Zr. Surface images of the Cu–Zr thin film observed using scanning electron microscopy indicated an aggregation of cauliflower-like islands consisting of nano-scale grains.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
DNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic modifications involved in the development and differentiation in plants. Hypocotyl and cotyledon are the two major tissues of cauliflower ...(Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) seedlings. Both tissues show significantly different tissue specificity and regenerative abilities in vitro. However, the characteristics of DNA methylation modification and its roles in regulating the organ development in cauliflower remain largely unknown. In the present study, the DNA methylation status between the hypocotyl and cotyledon of cauliflower seedlings were analyzed. The results indicated that although the hypocotyl and cotyledon of cauliflower seedlings share the same genome, the genomic DNA methylation levels and patterns at CCGG sites were different. Compared with the cotyledon, the hypocotyl showed higher DNA methylation level, and more loci showing methylation pattern adjustments were also discovered. Twelve loci with changes of DNA methylation patterns were further explored. The quantitative expression analysis indicated that eight out of twelve sequenced fragments showed differential expression between the hypocotyl and cotyledon, of which the expression of six sequences was identified to be negative correlation with their DNA methylation status. In addition, three main DNA methyltransferase genes MET1, CMT3 and DRM were first explored in cauliflower. The results indicated that the expression of these three genes was closely associated with the different DNA methylation status in the hypocotyl and cotyledon. These findings provided more information to further explore the roles of DNA methylation modification in tissue differentiation and development of cauliflower.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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