•Cherry fruits and petioles from six ancient Italian varieties were studied.•Fruits and petioles of all varieties are rich in phenols with similar profiles.•Among varieties, petioles showed marked ...differences in their procyanidin contents.•Fruits and petioles showed antiangiogenic activity in zebrafish and CAM models.•Bioinformatics stated rutin and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside as promising biomolecules.
In this study, cherry fruits and petioles from six ancient Italian Prunus avium L. varieties (Ferrovia, Capellina, Morellina, Ciambellana, Napoletana, and Bianca), were compared by chemical and bioinformatic analyses and evaluated for their antiangiogenic activity. The highest levels of total phenols and flavonoids were found in Napoletana petioles, and Morellina and Capellina fruits. HPLC-PDA-MS analyses showed similar phenolic profiles for all fruit extracts, with cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, flavonols glycosides, and quinic acid derivatives as major components. Flavonoid glycosides were found in all petiole extracts, while proanthocyanidins B type were predominant in Capellina, Napoletana and Bianca. Accordingly to their higher polyphenolic content, petiole extracts exhibited stronger radical scavenging activity compared to the fruits. The best antiangiogenic response was exhibited by Morellina, Ferrovia, and Ciambellana petiole extracts, and by Ferrovia, Morellina, and Capellina fruit extracts; by bioinformatic studies rutin and cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside were recognised as the best candidate bioactive compounds. In conclusion, sweet cherry varietes were confirmed as valuable sources of phenols, showing also potential angiomodulator properties.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Cherries have largely been investigated due to their high content in phenolics in order to fully explore their health-promoting properties. Therefore, this work aimed to assess, for the first time, ...the anti-inflammatory potential of phenolic-targeted fractions of the
cherry, using RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects on gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were evaluated, as well as the ability to protect these cellular models against induced oxidative stress. The obtained data revealed that cherry fractions can interfere with cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels by capturing NO radicals and decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Furthermore, it was observed that all cherry fractions exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against AGS cells, presenting cytotoxic selectivity for these cancer cells when compared to SH-SY5Y and NHDF cells. Regarding their capacity to protect cancer cells against oxidative injury, in most assays, the total cherry extract was the most effective. Overall, this study reinforces the idea that sweet cherries can be incorporated into new pharmaceutical products, smart foods and nutraceuticals.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Physical characteristics, antioxidant activity and chemical constituents of 12 cultivars (Prunus avium L.) of sweet cherry (Belge, Bing, Dalbasti, Durona di Cesena, Lambert, Merton Late, Starks Gold, ...Summit, Sweetheart, Van, Vista, and 0–900 Ziraat) were investigated. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed among tested cultivars for pH, total soluble solid, hardness, color parameters, antioxidant activities and pomological measurements (P < 0.05). The color parameters were important tools for the determination of fruit maturity and anthocyanin contents. Belge cultivar showed the highest levels of total phenolic and anthocyanin, while Starks Gold contained the lowest level of anthocyanins. The darker cultivars, measured by ABTS+•, DPPH• and FRAP, exhibited higher antioxidant activities than the lighter ones. Bing (42.78 g/kg) and Sweetheart (40.53 g/kg) cultivars contained higher levels of malic acid, which was the most intense organic acid in sweet cherries. Four different sugars were observed in the samples and their concentrations ordered as glucose > fructose >> sucrose > xylose. Sugar alcohol in the cherries was represented by sorbitol (more than 90%) and its concentration varied between 13.93 and 27.12 g/kg. As a result significant differences were observed among the physical properties and chemical constituents of the cherry cultivars.
Practical Application
Sweet cherry is commercially very important for Turkey, the largest sweet cherry producer in the world. In Turkey, the most common sweet cherry cultivar is 0–900 Ziraat and there are recent attempts to extend the production of other cultivars. However, there are only a few reports available on 0–900 Ziraat and any of them includes a comparison with other sweet cherry cultivars. Furthermore, no detailed study was performed on chemical constituents and physical properties of sweet cherry cultivars grown in Turkey. So this will be the 1st detailed study on this subject in Turkey. Also we intend to inform consumers about health beneficial substances of sweet cherry cultivars.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
54.
Cherries and Health: A Review McCune, Letitia M; Kubota, Chieri; Stendell-Hollis, Nicole R ...
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition,
01/2011, Volume:
51, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Cherries, and in particular sweet cherries, are a nutritionally dense food rich in anthocyanins, quercetin, hydroxycinnamates, potassium, fiber, vitamin C, carotenoids, and melatonin. UV ...concentration, degree of ripeness, postharvest storage conditions, and processing, each can significantly alter the amounts of nutrients and bioactive components. These constituent nutrients and bioactive food components support the potential preventive health benefits of cherry intake in relation to cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammatory diseases, and Alzheimer's disease. Mechanistically, cherries exhibit relatively high antioxidant activity, low glycemic response, COX 1 and 2 enzyme inhibition, and other anti-carcinogenic effects in vitro and in animal experiments. Well-designed cherry feeding studies are needed to further substantiate any health benefits in humans.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Dark sweet cherries (DSC) are rich in fiber and polyphenols that decrease risk factors associated with obesity. This single-blind randomized placebo-controlled study investigated DSC effects on ...inflammation, cardiometabolic, and liver health biomarkers in obese adults. Participants (>18 years, body mass index (BMI) = 30-40 kg/m
) consumed 200 mL of DSC drink (juice supplemented with DSC powder) (
= 19) or a placebo drink (
= 21) twice/day for 30 days. Anthropometric and physiological biomarkers were monitored at baseline (D1), mid-point (D15), and endpoint (D30) visits. Blood inflammatory biomarkers were assessed at D1, D15, and D30, and blood lipids, glucose, and liver enzymes at D1 and D30. DSC consumption lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) (
= 0.05) and decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) compared to placebo (
= 0.04). Stratification of participants by BMI revealed a greater (
= 0.008) SBP reduction in BMI > 35 participants. DSC lowered pro-inflammatory interferon-gamma (IFNγ) (
= 0.001), which correlated with SBP changes. The interleukin (IL)-1RA and SBP changes were correlated in the placebo group, as well as triglycerides (TG) with DBP. The increased IL-10 levels in the placebo group suggested a compensatory mechanism to counteract elevated IFNγ levels. No significant between-group differences were detected for blood lipids, glucose, and liver enzymes. In conclusion, DSC helped to decrease blood pressure levels and inflammation in obese adults.
Detection of fruits for automatic harvesting using vision sensors has gained attention in recent times. In this work, we consider the problem of the detection of ripe cherry bunches for the selective ...harvesting of coffee cherries. The coffee cherries are small in size and appear in a clustered arrangement which makes it difficult to detect them. Also, the previous studies indicate that the accuracy of the available techniques for fruit detection is not sufficient for use in real-time harvesting operations. Hence, we propose a novel Hybrid Consensus and Recovery Block (HCRB) based technique for the reliable detection of the ripe coffee cherry bunches for the coffee harvester robot using RGB-D sensor. Our studies via simulation as well as on hardware set-up indicate a significant increase in true positive and decrease in false positive detections which makes it suitable for use in real-time harvesters. The proposed system provides accuracy, precision, recall, and F1- score of 93%, 97%, 92%, and 93% respectively when tested on the NVIDIA Jetson Nano Development board.
The paper reports the phenolic, anthocyanin, and volatile compounds and sensory characteristics of 12 cultivars of sweet cherries including cvs. Belge, Bing, Dalbasti, Durona di Cesena, Lambert, ...Merton Late, Starks Gold, Summit, Sweetheart, Van, Vista, and 0–900 Ziraat. Eight individual phenolic compounds were determined by the HPLC‐DAD method. Among these cherries, cvs. Bing, Durona di Cesena, and Lambert contained higher levels of total individual phenolic compounds than the other cultivars. Six anthocyanins were detected in cherries and cyanidin‐3‐O‐rutinoside was principal and it was the highest level in cv. Bing. The major volatiles found were 1‐hexanol, (E)‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol, benzylalcohol, hexenal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, and benzaldehyde. Sensory evaluation of the cherries showed that cvs. Belge, Bing, Dalbasti, and Summit have higher textural and flavor scores than others. It was concluded that the same compounds for phenolic or volatiles profiles of sweet cherries were similar in qualitative; however, quantitative differences were observed in these cultivars.
Practical Application
Sweet cherry is a commercial and nutritious fruit, which is consumed as table, juice, jam, or ingredients for cake. Turkey is a leader in its production in the world and it is increasing its popularity. A number of volatiles and bioactive compounds (phenolic compounds and anthocyanins) are present in sweet cherry and these contribute to health and diet for human. Flavor quality of sweet cherry is significantly influenced by the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of these compounds. Totally, 12 sweet cherry cultivars were studied and characterized for their volatile composition, phenolics, and sensory properties.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Geographic origin of sweet cherries was discriminated.•Different strategies for electronic nose variable reduction were tested.•Isotope ratio mass spectrometry gave the best model ...performances.•External validation was carried out on the statistical models.
Sweet cherries from two Italian regions, Apulia and Emilia Romagna, were analysed using electronic nose (EN) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), with the aim of distinguishing them according to their geographic origin. The data were elaborated by statistical techniques, examining the EN and IRMS datasets both separately and in combination. Preliminary exploratory overviews were performed and then linear discriminant analyses (LDA) were used for classification. Regarding EN, different approaches for variable selection were tested, and the most suitable strategies were highlighted. The LDA classification results were expressed in terms of recognition and prediction abilities and it was found that both EN and IRMS performed well, with IRMS showing better cross-validated prediction ability (91.0%); the EN–IRMS combination gave slightly better results (92.3%). In order to validate the final results, the models were tested using an external set of samples with excellent results.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The bioactivity of natural by-products in food and pharmaceutical applications is the subject of numerous studies. Cherry production and processing generates large amounts of biowaste, most of which ...is not used. The recovery of these by-products is essential for promoting the circular economy and to improving sustainability in the food industry. In this work, we explored the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potential of two different extracts from stems, leaves, and flowers of Portuguese cherries. The anti-inflammatory potential was studied on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7) by evaluating the effect of by-products on cellular viability and nitric oxide (NO) production. Disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were used to determine antimicrobial activity. The cherry by-products had no cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 cells, and were able to inhibit nitrite production in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, all aqueous infusions showed good antioxidant activity against NO radicals. Moreover, leaf extracts showed the best activity against most of the strains studied. The results revealed, for the first time, interesting anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of cherry by-products. This could potentially be of interest for their therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases or in controlling the growth of microorganisms.
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•Surface pitting was induced in sweet cherries with contrasting resistance.•Pitting damage did not negatively impact quality attributes, except visual quality.•Pitting damage ...triggered changes in degree of HG methylation and xyloglucan content.•Surface pitting changed anthocyanins, proline and 2-oxoglutaric acid content.•Susceptibility to pitting damage might depend on the metabolic profile of cultivars.
One important physiological disorder in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is surface pitting. This disorder involves irregular depressions on the fruit surface and occurs during harvest, but it develops during cold storage. The aim of this research was to understand the phenotypic characteristics and biochemical responses, referring to the metabolomic profile and the composition and disassembly of the cell wall, that underlie the susceptibility to pitting. The study was carried out using cultivars with contrasting pitting behaviors, such as Bing (resistant) and Sweetheart (sensitive), during ripening and postharvest storage. Induced pitting did not have a negative impact on quality parameters except visual quality in sweet cherries during cold storage, and firmness was not a key parameter that explained the susceptibility to pitting. The mechanical stress to induce pitting triggered a significant decline in pectin methylesterase (PME) activity on day 14 of storage for the Sweetheart cultivar. Intensified labeling for methylated homogalacturonan immunostaining of pitted mesocarp cells in Bing was observed. Xyloglucan showed more abundant labeling in pitted samples, which was more pronounced in Sweetheart fruit than Bing cherries. The metabolomic screening showed a higher content of organic acids and amino acids in the Sweetheart cultivar, while the Bing cultivar had higher contents of sorbitol and arabinitol. Proline and 2-oxoglutaric acid emerged as metabolites altered in response to mechanical stress in both cultivars. Furthermore, pitted Bing fruit elicits anthocyanin overexpression. The metabolomic analysis suggests that susceptibility to pitting could depend on the metabolic differences of each cultivar because the induced pitting did not greatly disrupt the studied metabolic responses.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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