Objective: To know the existing relationship of eating habits and physical exercise with obesity. Methodology: The population is of 52 children between 6 and 15 years of age resident in Majadas de ...Tiétar (Extremadura, Spain). The weight and height of each participant was determined and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and compared with the percentile tables of the Orbegozo Foundation to obtain the individual percentile. The KidMed test was used to determine the degree of adhesion to the Mediterranean diet (MD), while the PAQ-A questionnaire for was used for the adolescents and the PAQ-C questionnaire for the younger children to find out the degree of physical activity. Principal results: The prevalence of obesity was 5.77%. The mean score of the KidMed was 4.92 for boys and 3.21 for girls. In the questionnaires on physical activity (PAQ-A & PAQ-C), the mean score was 3.13 for boys and 2.31 for girls. Only 9.6% of the participants showed a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet, while 44.2% had a very low quality diet and 46.2% had a diet that needed improving. Conclusion: There was evidence of the need to make the habits of this population healthier.
Objective: To know the existing relationship of eating habits and physical exercise with obesity. Methodology: The population is of 52 children between 6 and 15 years of age resident in Majadas de ...Tiétar (Extremadura, Spain). The weight and height of each participant was determined and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and compared with the percentile tables of the Orbegozo Foundation to obtain the individual percentile. The KidMed test was used to determine the degree of adhesion to the Mediterranean diet (MD), while the PAQ-A questionnaire for was used for the adolescents and the PAQ-C questionnaire for the younger children to find out the degree of physical activity. Principal results: The prevalence of obesity was 5.77%. The mean score of the KidMed was 4.92 for boys and 3.21 for girls. In the questionnaires on physical activity (PAQ-A & PAQ-C), the mean score was 3.13 for boys and 2.31 for girls. Only 9.6% of the participants showed a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet, while 44.2% had a very low quality diet and 46.2% had a diet that needed improving. Conclusion: There was evidence of the need to make the habits of this population healthier.
Objective: To know the existing relationship of eating habits and physical exercise with obesity. Methodology: The population is of 52 children between 6 and 15 years of age resident in Majadas de ...Tiétar (Extremadura, Spain). The weight and height of each participant was determined and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and compared with the percentile tables of the Orbegozo Foundation to obtain the individual percentile. The KidMed test was used to determine the degree of adhesion to the Mediterranean diet (MD), while the PAQ-A questionnaire for was used for the adolescents and the PAQ-C questionnaire for the younger children to find out the degree of physical activity. Principal results: The prevalence of obesity was 5.77%. The mean score of the KidMed was 4.92 for boys and 3.21 for girls. In the questionnaires on physical activity (PAQ-A & PAQ-C), the mean score was 3.13 for boys and 2.31 for girls. Only 9.6% of the participants showed a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet, while 44.2% had a very low quality diet and 46.2% had a diet that needed improving. Conclusion: There was evidence of the need to make the habits of this population healthier.
Excessive body weight and obesity in childhood and adolescence are becoming more and more important unfavorable factors that entail extremely adverse consequences and require close attention of ...physicians of any specialty. Along with the high prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in pediatric patients, children and adolescents in the majority of countries are diagnosed with vitamin D deficiency. Among the non-calcaemic effects of vitamin D, a significant role is played by its impact on the hormonal regulation of glucose metabolism and the synthesis of adipokines by fat tissue. The review presents literature data indicative of a close pathogenic relationship between vitamin D insufficiency and impaired tissue insulin sensitivity. It demonstrates the role of vitamin D insufficiency in immune reactions resulting in development of subclinical inflammation in fat tissue infiltrated with macrophages and lymphocytes. It also shows the role of adipokines, immune system cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by them in the pathogenesis of obesity, as well as the function of vitamin D as an endocrine and paracrine regulator of the process of inflammation in adipose tissue. The relationships between the principal adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin) are revealed in the presence of normal vitamin D content and in vitamin D deficiency. The carbohydrate and lipid metabolism parameters in overweight children and adolescents with vitamin D insufficiency are analyzed. A high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in overweight and obese children and adolescents (increasing along with the severity of obesity) is demonstrated. The review also presents the current recommendations for the correction of vitamin D insufficiency and underlines the need for higher cholecalciferol doses to achieve serum calcifediol targets in overweight and obese children and adolescents.
Despite the high prevalence of obesity and the clustering of risk by neighborhood, few studies have examined characteristics which promote healthy child weight in neighborhoods with high obesity ...risk. We aimed to identify protective factors for children living in neighborhoods with high obesity risk.
We identified neighborhoods with high obesity risk using geolocated electronic health record data with measured body mass index (BMI) from well-child visits (2012–2017). We then recruited caregivers with children aged 5 to 13 years who lived in census tracts with mean child BMI percentile ≥72 (February 2020–August 2021). We used sequential mixed methods (quantitative surveys, qualitative interviews) to compare individual, interpersonal, and perceived neighborhood factors among families with children at a healthy weight (positive outliers PO) versus families with ≥1 child with overweight or obesity (controls). Regression models and comparative qualitative analysis were used to identify protective characteristics.
Seventy-three caregivers participated in the quantitative phase (41% PO; 34% preferred Spanish) and twenty in the qualitative phase (50% PO; 50% preferred Spanish). The frequency of healthy caregiver behaviors was associated with being a PO (Family Health Behavior Scale Parent Score adjusted β 3.67; 95% CI 0.52–6.81 and qualitative data). Protective factors also included caregivers’ ability to minimize the negative health influences of family members and adhere to family routines.
There were few differences between PO and control families. Support for caregiver healthy habits and adherence to healthy family routines emerged as opportunities for childhood obesity prevention in neighborhoods with high obesity risk.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Evidence suggests variability in adult obesity risk at a small-scale geographic area is associated with differences in neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). However, the extent to which geographic ...variability in child obesity is associated with neighborhood SES is unknown. The objective of this paper was to estimate risk of child obesity associated with multiple census tract SES measures and race within a large urban U.S. county. Height, weight, age, sex, medical insurance type and census tract residence were obtained for 6–18 year old children (n=8616) who received medical care at a health plan in King County, Washington, in 2006. Spatial analyses examined the individual risk of obesity (BMI≥95th percentile) with 2000 US census tract measures of median household income, home ownership, adult female education level, single parent households, and race as predictors. Conditional autoregressive regression models that incorporated adjacent census tracts (spatial autocorrelation) were applied to each census tract variable, adjusting for individual variables. We found that in adjusted spatial models, child obesity risk was significantly associated with each census tract variable in the expected direction: lower household income, lower home ownership, and for each 10% increase in less educated women, and single parent households, as well as non-white residents. In a spatial model including all variables, the SES/race variables explained approximately 24% of geographic variability in child obesity. Results indicated that living in census tracts with social disadvantage defined by multiple different measures was associated with child obesity among insured children in a large U.S. urban county. These results contribute new information on relationships between broader social and economic context and child obesity risk using robust spatial analyses.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
To determine preferred policies and programs to prevent obesity and diabetes as identified by parents and caregivers of 3- to 5-year-old Latino children.
Constructs from the Social Ecological Model ...were used to develop 10 focus group and key informant interview questions.
Community venues and schools in St Paul, MN.
A total of 64 parents and caregivers and 20 key informants provided comments.
Community-based participatory research methods were used to gather opinions regarding appropriate and preferred methods to prevent obesity and diabetes among Latino youth. Native Spanish-speaking investigators who were members of the community conducted 7 focus groups (60–90 minutes each) and 20 key informant interviews.
Themes and subthemes of preferences based on participant comments.
Transcript-based, long-table qualitative analysis.
Five themes were identified: (1) cultural beliefs and practices are inconsistent with obesity prevention; (2) cost and convenience; (3) positive parenting practices; (4) we want to learn more about being healthy; and (5) gardens, parks, gyms, and school meals. At least 1 theme fell within each of the Social Ecological Model domains.
Our results suggest that parents of young Hispanic children prefer that obesity and diabetes prevention programs address multiple levels of influence.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Although evidence suggests that neighborhood context, particularly socioeconomic context, influences child obesity, little is known about how these neighborhood factors may be heterogeneous rather ...than monolithic. Using a novel dataset comprised of the electronic medical records for over 250,000 children aged 2–17 nested within 992 neighborhoods in the greater Houston area, we assessed whether neighborhoods influenced the obesity of children differently based on sex. Results indicated that neighborhood disadvantage, assessed using a comprehensive, multidimensional, latent profile analysis-generated measure, had a strong, positive association with the odds of obesity for both boys and girls. Interactions revealed that the relationship between disadvantage and obesity was stronger for girls, relative to boys. Our findings demonstrated the complex dynamics underlying the influence of residential neighborhood context on obesity for specific subgroups of children.
•We identify how, for whom, and when neighborhoods matter for childhood obesity.•Children in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods have greater odds of obesity.•Girls are more vulnerable to neighborhoods than boys throughout childhood.•As neighborhood disadvantage increases, the influence is greater for girls.•Complex dynamics underlie the influence of neighborhoods on child obesity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Currently developed parent feeding measures do not exclusively measure behaviors compatible with theoretical underpinnings of the Satter Division of Responsibility in Feeding for Children Aged 2 to 6 ...Years (sDOR.2-6y). A measure of adherence to sDOR.2-6y has been constructed and shown to have translational validity.
To examine the construct validity of the 15 sDOR.2-6y items.
Observations from in-home mealtime video-capture in a household with a child aged 2 to 6 years were compared with parent sDOR.2-6y responses. One sDOR.2-6y item about mealtime regularity was compared with mealtime data provided in the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool that had been completed by a larger sample of parents that included the smaller sample of video-capture participants.
Parents of preschool children aged 2 to 6 years in central Pennsylvania participated in Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool online dietary assessment (n = 61) from May to November 2013 or in-home mealtime video-capture (n = 20) during October 2013 or both (n = 16).
Consensus of three trained sDOR coders of plausible parent sDOR.2-6y item responses after video viewing, parent responses to sDOR.2-6y items, and mealtime regularity from three Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool recalls.
Data analysis included identification of codeable 5-minute segments, coding by three sDOR experts, intraclass correlation coefficient, and determination of coder congruence to establish plausible sDOR.2-6y responses and comparison between coder-observed and parent sDOR.2-6y responses.
Video-capture participants were mostly women, White, and overweight with a mean ± standard deviation age of 35.3 ± 6.4 years. Postvideo debriefing supported the observed meal as typical in location, timing, and composition. Of 273 coding decisions, coder congruence was inadequate or dissonant for 3.7% and intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.81 (0.77 to 0.84; P < 0.001). Parent and congruent coder responses were in agreement for nearly 70% of the possible comparisons. Of the original 15 items, three were deemed not valid, nine of the remaining 12 were considered valid, and three could not be invalidated.
Congruence between observed and self-reported behaviors supported additional validation and scoring studies with the 12-item sDOR.2-6y to assess adherence of parents to sDOR.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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