Chitosan (CS) is one of the most functional natural biopolymer widely used in the pharmaceutical field due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. These privileges lead to its application in ...the synthesis of nanoparticles for the drug during the last two decades. This article gives rise to a general review of the different chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) preparation techniques: Ionic gelation, emulsion cross-linking, spray-drying, emulsion-droplet coalescence method, nanoprecipitation, reverse micellar method, desolvation method, modified ionic gelation with radial polymerisation and emulsion solvent diffusion, from the point of view of the methodological and mechanistic aspects involved. The physicochemical behaviour of CSNPs including drug loading, drug release, particles size, zeta potential and stability are briefly discussed. This review also directs to bring an outline of the major applications of CSNPs in drug delivery according to drug and route of administration. Finally, derivatives of CSNPs and CS nano-complexes are also discussed.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Chitosan (CS) is one of the most successfully developed biodegradable polymers. Among the numerous polymers developed to formulate polymeric nanoparticles, CS has fascinated considerable attention ...due to its appealing properties: (i) biodegradability and biocompatibility, (ii) FDA approval for wound dressings as well as in dietary application, (iii) non-toxicity, (v) scope of sustained release, (vi) probability to modify surface properties and (vii) scope of target nanoparticles (NPs) to particular organs or cells. This review presents different preparation methods of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) from the methodological and mechanistic point of view. The crosslinking agent including aldehyde, tripolyphosphate (TPP), genipin and other cross linkers and the physicochemical behaviour of CSNPs including drug loading, drug release, particles size, zeta-potential and stability are briefly discussed. This review also presents why CS has been chosen to design nanoparticles (NPs) as drug delivery systems in various pharmaceutical applications.
Display omitted
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Display omitted
Since the application of chitosan magnetic cationic microspheres in brain drug delivery by Gallo in 1993, chitosan has been extensively studied in brain drug delivery. As the only ...natural alkaline polysaccharide with good biocompatibility and biodegradability, chitosan prepared nanoparticles which use chitosan as carrier material to encapsulate drug have been proved with advantages of protecting from enzyme degradation, control release and improved bioavailability. Besides, chitosan can enhance drug permeability across the blood-brain barrier by affecting the tight junction. And with positive charge on the surface, chitosan nanoparticles can absorb on the negatively charged cell membrane, thus increase its residence time on the nasal mucosa and benefit of the delivery of drugs from the nasal cavity to the brain. All these properties made chitosan nanoparticles especially suitable for brain delivery. What’s more, the free amino groups on the surface of chitosan nanoparticles allow specific chemical modification to form a wide range of chitosan derivatives. Surface modification of the nanoparticles with tumor targeting peptides like chlorotoxin and transferrin, can further improve the targeting property to brain tumor. This article gives a comprehensive review on the advantages and recent progresses in the treatment of brain disease by chitosan nanoparticles.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The novel, highly active, acid resistance and reusable immobilized adsorbent, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA)-decorated chitosan-coated magnetic silica nanoparticle, has been ...fabricated and applied to the highly selective adsorption of uranium from a multi-ion solution.
Display omitted
•Novel PBTCA-decorated chitosan-coated magnetic SiO2 nanoparticles were fabricated.•A new, highly active, acid resistance, and reusable magnetic sorbent was obtained.•Coexisting ion experiments showed highly selective uranium adsorption.•CoFe2O4@SiO2@CS-PBTCA showed higher acid resistance than uncoated silica adsorbent.•Adsorbent binds to uranium mainly though carboxyl and phosphonic oxygen atoms in PBTCA.
The separation and recovery of uranium resources from nuclear waste solutions is important for achieving uranium reuse and environmental protection. In this study, a novel adsorbent, 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA)-decorated chitosan-coated magnetic silica nanoparticles, was fabricated and applied to the highly selective adsorption of uranium from aqueous solution. Selective sorption in a multi-ion solution (pH 4.0) containing 14 coexisting cations resulted in CoFe2O4@SiO2@CS-PBTCA showing an excellent uranium adsorption capacity of up to 83.16 mg g−1, which was much higher than that of ungrafted CoFe2O4@SiO2@CS (29.99 mg g−1). The adsorbent also exhibited higher acid resistance than uncoated silica adsorbent under pH 1.0 conditions, with CoFe2O4@SiO2@CS-PBTCA showing barely any iron and cobalt leaching, while CoFe2O4@CS-PBTCA showed iron and cobalt leaching amounts of 2.97 and 0.93 mg L−1, respectively. The desorption experiment used 0.2 M PBTCA (pH 1.0) as eluent, with the results showing that uranium ions were readily and rapidly desorbed. Furthermore, CoFe2O4@SiO2@CS-PBTCA maintained outstanding stability and adsorption performance after five reuse cycles. The mechanism for U(VI) removal was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, with the results suggesting that the adsorbent binds to uranium mainly though oxygen atoms of carboxyl groups and phosphonic groups in PBTCA. This strategy shows strong potential for developing a variety of novel, highly active, acid resistance, and reusable immobilized functional magnetic materials for effective separation of uranium from a multi-ion solution.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Cu–chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized and evaluated for their growth promotory and antifungal efficacy in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill). Physico-chemical characterization of the developed ...Cu–chitosan nanoparticles was carried out by DLS, FTIR, TEM, SEM-EDS and AAS. The study highlighted the stability and porous nature of Cu–chitosan nanoparticles. Laboratory synthesized nanoparticles showed substantial growth promotory effect on tomato seed germination, seedling length, fresh and dry weight at 0.08, 0.10 and 0.12% level. At 0.12% concentration these nanoparticles caused 70.5 and 73.5% inhibition of mycelia growth and 61.5 and 83.0% inhibition of spore germination in Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporum, respectively, in an in vitro model. In pot experiments, 0.12% concentration of Cu–chitosan nanoparticles was found most effective in percentage efficacy of disease control (PEDC) in tomato plants with the values of 87.7% in early blight and 61.1% in Fusarium wilt. The overall results confirm the significant growth promotory as well as antifungal capabilities of Cu–chitosan nanoparticles. Our model demonstrated the synthesis of Cu–chitosan nanoparticles and open up the possibility to use against fungal disease at field level. Further, developed porous nanomaterials could be exploited for delivery of agrochemicals.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Chilled meat is tender and juicy, with good nutritional content. In recent years, with the increasing demand for food quality, chilled meat has gradually replaced frozen meat as the mainstream choice ...for raw meat due to its nutritional value and freshness. However, chilled meat is highly susceptible to microbial infection and oxidative rancidity during storage. Chilled meat packaging can significantly extend the shelf life of chilled meat, which is of great significance for the development of the chilled meat industry and market. In this study, a sustainable electrospun membrane based on polycaprolactone mixed with cinnamaldehyde chitosan nanoparticles has been developed as a promising antibacterial fresh-keeping packaging membrane. Bacteria that cause foodborne illnesses are inhibited by cinnamaldehyde, an antimicrobial compound obtained from cinnamon essential oil. Chitosan nanoparticles can be used to wrap cinnamaldehyde essential oil to minimize the loss of this highly volatile oil during high-pressure spinning. Furthermore, its physical properties, antibacterial activity, and shelf life impact on pork were studied. In addition, the electrospinning film significantly reduced the microbial content, thiobapitur, pH value and volatile salt-based nitrogen content of chilled pork stockpiled at 4 °C for 12 days, prolonging the shelf life.
•Preparation of nanoparticles that can control the release of cinnamaldehyde.•Preparation of electrospun membrane using cinnamaldehyde nanoparticles and PCL.•Electrospun membrane has good inhibitory effects on four foodborne pathogens.•Wrapping pork with electrospun membrane slows down its spoilage rate.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Cancer phototherapy has introduced a new potential modality for tumor suppression. However, the efficacy of phototherapy has been limited due to a lack of targeted delivery of photosensitizers. ...Therefore, the application of biocompatible and multifunctional nanoparticles in phototherapy is appreciated. Chitosan (CS) as a cationic polymer and hyaluronic acid (HA) as a CD44-targeting agent are two widely utilized polymers in nanoparticle synthesis and functionalization. The current review focuses on the application of HA and CS nanostructures in cancer phototherapy. These nanocarriers can be used in phototherapy to induce hyperthermia and singlet oxygen generation for tumor ablation. CS and HA can be used for the synthesis of nanostructures, or they can functionalize other kinds of nanostructures used for phototherapy, such as gold nanorods. The HA and CS nanostructures can combine chemotherapy or immunotherapy with phototherapy to augment tumor suppression. Moreover, the CS nanostructures can be functionalized with HA for specific cancer phototherapy. The CS and HA nanostructures promote the cellular uptake of genes and photosensitizers to facilitate gene therapy and phototherapy. Such nanostructures specifically stimulate phototherapy at the tumor site, with particle toxic impacts on normal cells. Moreover, CS and HA nanostructures demonstrate high biocompatibility for further clinical applications.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) incorporating pomegranate peel extract on properties of composite gelatin/cress seed gum films. The moisture barrier ...properties of active films were improved by 65% as function of adding CSNPs. Water contact angle (WCA) measurement exhibited hydrophobic surfaces with WCA of 108–119°. Reinforced films with 6% CSNPs showed enhanced mechanical properties, as tensile strength and elongation at break were significantly increased and decreased, respectively by 50%. Moreover, the films exhibited 85% light transmittance (T600) compared to that of control film (94%). Scanning electron microscopy revealed homogenous distribution of nanoparticles within film matrix. Atomic force microscopy showed a considerable increase in the roughness of nanocomposite films, where average surface (Ra) and root mean squared (Rq) roughness indices were increased from 0.4 and 0.5 nm in the neat gelatin film to 11.8 and 16.0 nm in gelatin/gum films with 6% CSNPs. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the semi-crystalline structure of composite films was not changed as function of adding CSNPs. Thermal stability of nanocomposite films was enhanced when higher contents of CSNPs were added, attributing to the interaction of CSNPs with gelatin matrix. Nanocomposite films showed no appreciable antimicrobial properties, whereas they revealed strong DPPH radical-scavenging activities.
Display omitted
•Cress seed gum is a compatible food hydrocolloid to be added into gelatin film.•The films were functionalized by incorporating chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs).•Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the films were improved by CSNPs.•Reinforced nanocomposite films showed no appreciable antimicrobial properties.•Films with pomegranate peel extract-CSNPs showed strong antioxidant properties.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Display omitted
•Researchers have developed nanocarriers to improve drug delivery in cancer treatment, aiming to minimize negative effects caused by chemotherapy and enhance treatment efficiency.•NPs ...made of chondroitin sulfate have shown promise in delivering drugs specifically to tumors, leading to improved drug accessibility, reduced side effects, and increased effectiveness of chemotherapy.•Incorporating 5-FU into carbon nanocarriers has demonstrated positive outcomes, including targeted delivery to tumors and inhibition of cancerous activity.•Nanocarriers with a zeta potential between −30 and +30 mV exhibit stability and longevity in the bloodstream, preventing particle aggregation.•Negatively charged nanocomposites, achieved through the use of surfactant 80, show a prolonged residence in the bloodstream.•Discrepancies in nanocarrier size measurements between electron microscope and dynamic light scattering tests can be attributed to differences in measurement methods.
Currently, cancer continues to be a significant contributor to global mortality rates. Scientists and researchers are actively working to find efficient approaches for cancer treatment that minimize potential negative consequences. As a result, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as potential vehicles for carrying anti-inflammatory drugs and improving the transportation of drugs during chemotherapy. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) have attracted considerable interest among various NPs. This is primarily due to their cost-effectiveness, compatibility with biological systems, ability to degrade naturally, and non-toxic characteristics. CSNPs are an ideal option for drug delivery due to their unique attributes. The pH-responsive nature of chitosan allows for precise drug dispersion within the cancerous microenvironment, making it a highly promising carrier system. Although various anti-cancer drugs are utilized in chemotherapy, it remains the most prevalent form of treatment. A commonly prescribed medication for the treatment of solid cancers is 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). It can be administered either as a standalone treatment or in conjunction with other chemotherapy regimens. However, the efficacy of 5-FU as a chemotherapeutic agent is impeded by its inconsistent absorption by the body, short duration of action, and the necessity for frequent dosing, which leads to unfavorable effects. This review provides researchers with the most recent and comprehensive insights into the progress made in developing nanocarriers for delivering 5-FU. The review specifically emphasizes the importance of nanocarrier size and highlights their potential as highly effective tools for cancer treatment.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this study, cinnamon-perilla essential oil (C-PEO) Pickering nanoemulsions were prepared using collagen as an emulsifier, and the effects of Pickering nanoemulsion addition on the structure and ...properties of anthocyanidin/chitosan nanocomposite-based edible films were investigated. The compatibility of the anthocyanidin/chitosan nanocomposite-based edible films and C-PEO Pickering emulsions were further analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. As results, Pickering nanoemulsions containing 1% (v/v) C-PEO (C-PEO-2) had the smallest droplet size (11.84 nm). The edible film exhibited better physical properties (i.e., mechanical, water vapor permeability and thermal stability) after adding C-PEO-2. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity and the antioxidant activity of the film were enhanced after incorporating with C-PEO. Finally, the application of the films to chilled (4) fish fillet preservation was also conducted, wrapping with the edible film was effective in controlling quality changes in fish fillets with lower TVB-N and TBAR values during 8 days of chilled storage. Keywords: Cinnamon-perilla essential oil; Pickering nanoemulsions; Anthocyanidin; Chitosan nanoparticles; Fillet preservation.
Display omitted
•Novel edible film based on chitosan nanoparticles was prepared and characterized.•There was no add chemical emulsifier into cinnamon-perilla essential oil.•The properties of the film improved with adding Pickering nanoemulsion.•The shelf life of fillets was extended when packing by the edible film.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
PDF