Modern anti-windup synthesis Zaccarian, Luca; Zaccarian, Luca; Teel, Andrew R
2011., 20110711, 2011, Volume:
38
eBook
This book provides a wide variety of state-space--based numerical algorithms for the synthesis of feedback algorithms for linear systems with input saturation. Specifically, it addresses and solves ...the anti-windup problem, presenting the objectives and terminology of the problem, the mathematical tools behind anti-windup algorithms, and more than twenty algorithms for anti-windup synthesis, illustrated with examples. Luca Zaccarian and Andrew Teel's modern method--combining a state-space approach with algorithms generated by solving linear matrix inequalities--treats MIMO and SISO systems with equal ease. The book, aimed at control engineers as well as graduate students, ranges from very simple anti-windup construction to sophisticated anti-windup algorithms for nonlinear systems.
ABSTRACT
In this article, I present a review and tutorial of the literature on closed‐loop supply chains, which are supply chains where, in addition to typical forward flows, there are reverse flows ...of used products (postconsumer use) back to manufacturers. Examples include supply chains with consumer returns, leasing options, and end‐of‐use returns with remanufacturing. I classify the literature in terms of strategic, tactical, and operational issues, but I focus on strategic issues (such as when should an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) remanufacture, response to take‐back legislation, and network design, among others) and tactical issues (used product acquisition and disposition decisions). The article is written in the form of a tutorial, where for each topic I present a base model with underlying assumptions and results, comment on extensions, and conclude with my view on needed research areas.
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This paper explores the role of the second-hand market when transitioning to a closed-loop system where products are leased multiple times. The total cost of ownership for consumers and profitability ...for manufacturers are compared in circular and linear business cases. We find that while second-hand markets were beneficial for manufacturers of durable goods in a linear system, since they increased the consumers' willingness-to-pay for new products, the same second-hand markets might restrict the profitability of a closed-loop business model. A high resale value results in a relatively low cost of ownership in the sales system and additional activities in the closed-loop model (such as managing the lease contracts and refurbishment) add significant costs to the supply chain. Consequently, the economic (and environmental) benefits of leasing products already traded on second-hand markets in the linear system are often limited. Our simple analytical model allows a quick and dirty analysis of multiple scenarios with a minimum of inputs. We argue that manufacturers lack these kinds of models to guide them in navigating circular economy business models.
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This study addresses a fixed-time terminal sliding-mode control methodology for a class of second-order non-linear systems in the presence of matched uncertainties and perturbations. A newly defined ...non-singular terminal sliding surface is constructed and a guaranteed closed-loop convergence time independent of initial states is derived based on the phase plane analysis and Lyapunov tools. The simulation results of a single inverted pendulum in the end are included to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
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This study empirically investigates consumer perceptions of remanufactured consumer products in closed‐loop supply chains. A multi‐study approach led to increasing levels of measure refinement and ...facilitated examination of various assumptions researchers have made about the consumer market for remanufactured products. Based in part on the measure building studies, an experimental study examined remanufactured product perceptions from a national panel of consumers. The consumers responded to remanufactured product descriptions that manipulated price discount and brand equity. The results indicate that discounting had a consistently positive, linear effect on remanufactured product attractiveness. Curiously, the brand equity manipulation proved less important to consumers than specific remanufactured product quality perceptions. The results also show that green consumers and consumers who consider remanufactured products green typically found remanufactured products significantly more attractive. Finally, the findings introduce the concept of negative attribute perceptions, such as disgust, that had a significantly detrimental effect on remanufactured product attractiveness.
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Unfortunately, the above article <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1 was published with some typos in equations, generated during the last edition steps. The equations with typos are listed along with ...their corrected version.
Advances in technology and improvement of efficacy for many neuromodulation applications have been achieved without understanding the relationship between the stimulation parameters and the neural ...activity which is generated in the nervous system. It is the neural activity that ultimately drives the therapeutic benefit and the advent of evoked compound action potential recording allows this activity to be directly measured and quantified. Closed-loop control adjusts the stimulation parameters to maintain a predetermined level of neural recruitment and has been shown to provide improved pain relief in individuals with spinal cord stimulators. However, no mechanism that relates more consistent neural recruitment to patient outcomes has been proposed. The authors propose a hypothesis that may explain the difference in efficacy between open- and closed-loop operational modes by considering the relationship between measured neural recruitment with hypothetical dose and side effect response curves. This provides a rational basis for directing clinical research and improving therapeutic systems.
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There have long been calls from industry for guidance in implementing strategies for sustainable development. The Circular Economy represents the most recent attempt to conceptualize the integration ...of economic activity and environmental wellbeing in a sustainable way. This set of ideas has been adopted by China as the basis of their economic development (included in both the 11th and the 12th 'Five Year Plan'), escalating the concept in minds of western policymakers and NGOs. This paper traces the conceptualisations and origins of the Circular Economy, tracing its meanings, and exploring its antecedents in economics and ecology, and discusses how the Circular Economy has been operationalized in business and policy. The paper finds that while the Circular Economy places emphasis on the redesign of processes and cycling of materials, which may contribute to more sustainable business models, it also encapsulates tensions and limitations. These include an absence of the social dimension inherent in sustainable development that limits its ethical dimensions, and some unintended consequences. This leads us to propose a revised definition of the Circular Economy as "an economic model wherein planning, resourcing, procurement, production and reprocessing are designed and managed, as both process and output, to maximize ecosystem functioning and human well-being".
This study aimed to evaluate glycometabolic outcomes in AID technology-naïve T1D patients after switching to Hybrid Closed Loop (HCL) and Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop (AHCL) systems.
This was a ...12-month, prospective, observational, two-center study on 54 type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients aged 19–65 years managed with multiple daily injections (MDI) or Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII) in open-loop to evaluate the superiority in terms of effectiveness and safety of Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) systems.
HbA1c levels significantly improved at the end of the study. Time spent with glucose levels in target range (TIR70-180 mg/dL, 3.9-10 mmol/L) increased from 50.5 ± 15.6% at baseline to 73.6 ± 8.0% at 12 months (p < 0.001); time spent above range (TAR180-250 mg/dL, 10-13.9 mmol/L and TAR≥250 mg/dL, 13.9 mmol/L) decreased from 30.6 ± 9.0% and 14.2 ± 10.2 at baseline to 19.3 ± 5.3% and 4.8 ± 3.3% at 12 months (p < 0.001 for both), respectively; time spent below range (TBR54-69 mg/dL, 3-3.8 mmol/L and TBR<54 mg/dL, 3.0 mmol/L) decreased from 3.5 ± 2.6% and 1.2 ± 1.4% at baseline to 1.9 ± 1.5% and 0.4 ± 0.7% at the end of the study (p < 0.001 for both); coefficient of variation (CV) decreased from 35.9 ± 7.8% at baseline to 33.0 ± 5.3% (p < 0.05). Satisfaction with the new technology was scored as high.
AID-naïve T1D patients switching to HCL/AHCL systems have significantly and safely improved their glycometabolic outcomes with their high satisfaction with the new type of treatment.
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The immunosuppression and immune escape of current immunotherapy result in low efficacy, and ferroptosis is greatly restricted by the low reactive oxygen species (ROS) production efficiency. Here, ...for the first time a “closed‐loop” therapy based on photothermal enhancement of ferroptosis and immunotherapy stimulated by each other on a multifunctional nanoplatform is reported. This platform is composed of copper silicate and iron silicate mesoporous hollow nanospheres, followed by in situ growth of Au nanoparticles and loading of an immune adjuvant resiquimod R848. The laser irradiation‐mediated heat and the introduction of copper ions significantly enhance ROS generation, leading to the simultaneous depletion of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and glutathione (GSH). The onset of ferroptosis in tumor cells is thus enhanced and an immune response with immunogenic cell death (ICD) is triggered, promoting the dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and T cell infiltration. Interferon γ (IFN‐γ) released from CD8+ T cells downregulates the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4, which in turn enhances ferroptosis expression, thus constituting a “closed‐Loop” therapy. Importantly, this system is effective in both killing the primary tumor and inhibiting tumor metastasis. The proposed “closed‐loop” therapeutic strategy may provide a guidance for the design of future antitumor nanoplatforms.
A “closed‐loop” therapy is proposed based on mutually reinforced ferroptosis and immunotherapy on a multifunctional nanoplatform (CISAR). The enhanced reactive oxygen species generation and consumed GPX4 induce obvious ferroptosis. The body has a strong immune response with immunogenic cell death, resulting in T cells infiltration. IFN‐γ downregulates SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression, which in turn reinforce ferroptosis expression.
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