The problems related to the protection of the environment by acuity in particular as a result of the local pollution of the environment factors by the industry and agriculture or by the population ...centers, as well as of a trans boundary pollution, which have led to the disturbance of ecosystems and the worse the living conditions of the people. The use of chemical substances in more and more in the technological processes advertise special measures concerning the protection of the environment. A major problem is the purification of industrial waste water.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been identified as the most crucial precursors of tropospheric photochemical O_3 formation and secondary organic aerosols. In this study, field measurement was ...conducted to develop VOCs emission factors and source profiles of the wood furniture coating industry in China. An activity-based database was established, involving coat consumption-based, coating area-based, furniture production-based, and output value-based VOCs emission factors. Combining the results of field tests and literature surveys, emission factors were calculated by enterprise scale, coating type, spraying technology, and emission control device. The uncertainties were quantified by using Monte Carlo simulations. VOCs emission factors were estimated: 0.22 (0.10-0.34, 95% CI) kg kg^(-1) for coat consumption-based; 21.97 (10.10-29.38) g m^(-2) for coating area-based; 0.69 (0.34-1.00) kg piece^(-1) for furniture production-based; and 6.95 (3.42–10.21) kg 10^(-4) yuan for output value-based calculation, respectively. Aromatics and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were predominant species of solvent borne paint emission, with the proportion of 71.1% and 22.9% of totals, respectively. VOCs emissions from the wood furniture coating industry were estimated at 179.76 × 10^3 (88.58 × 10^3 - 260.52 × 10^3, 95% CI) t in 2016. Due to the huge production output and intensive distribution of enterprises, VOCs emissions mainly concentrated in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shandong, Fujian, Jiangxi, and Sichuan province, with the combined contribution of 43.8% of the national totals.
To enhance the hardness and wear resistance of 304 stainless steel, Fe-based memory alloy/PZT piezoelectric ceramic (SMA/PZT) composite coatings with different PZT doping amounts (0.5-2 wt.%) were ...fabricated on 304 stainless steel by laser cladding. Coatings show good metallurgical bonding with the substrate. The microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, wear and corrosion resistance of the composite coating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, microhardness tester, friction and wear tester and electrochemical workstation respectively. The results show that the microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the composite coating are improved compared to the SMA coating. When the PZT doping amount is 1 wt.%, the SMA/PZT composite coating has the highest microhardness, and its wear and corrosion resistance are optimal compared to other coatings. It proved that 1 wt.% was optimal doping amount of PZT in the composite coating.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The coating industry is one of the most important consumers of water and chemicals and consequently is a major water polluter in Mauritius. The focus of this study was to characterise wastewater ...generated by a coating industry in Mauritius. The objectives were to develop a wastewater sampling strategy and to analyse the pollutant parameters as per Mauritian regulations. The wastewater samples were analysed for physicochemical properties and metal abundances over a period of 6 months. The physicochemical parameters analysed were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), true colour, total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD
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), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate, phosphate, sulphate and free chlorine. The wastewater samples were also analysed for metal ions such as sodium, potassium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel and zinc. The results of the physicochemical parameters indicated the presence of biologically resistant organic matters in all the wastewater samples with elevated values of BOD
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and COD, and low biodegradability index, respectively. The coating industry wastewater samples were acidic and saline in nature. Moreover, they presented high concentrations of TSS, free chlorine and sodium ions compared to standard limits promulgated by the Mauritian Government. Spearman’s rank correlation matrix with non-linear regression analysis showed significant associations among the measured parameters which were found to have a common origin in the coating industry wastewater. This research will be useful for regular monitoring and setting up an adequate coating industry wastewater treatment for the potential reuse in production processes in Mauritius.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The implementation of an Environmental Management System (EMS) ISO 14001 is an instrument for achieving a corporate's sustainable development and therefore is an important tool for environmental ...management. Due to rapid economic development, the coating industry is increasing rapidly, resulting in several environmental problems. Many coating firms have adopted EMS; however, quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the environmental performance of EMS have rarely been examined in the literature. This paper proposed an environmental performance evaluation system that enables quantitatively assess the effects of EMS in the coating industry. A four-level framework was structured with 74 indicators and sub-indicators according to the context and characteristics of the coating industry. Divided into two aspects, the legislative system and environmental management performance system, these indicators and sub-indicators covered almost every element of ISO 14001. And the evaluation criteria were closely referred to Chinese coating industry standards and cleaner production regulations. Using analytical hierarchy process and fuzzy membership degree analysis, the weight of each indicator was determined, and evaluation results were achieved. Moreover, using a coating firm in Shanghai as a case study, this paper investigated the impacts of EMS implementation in two successive years after the firm was granted an ISO14001 certificate in 2007. The results indicated that the environmental performance of EMS in the coating firm was satisfactory in 2008, and there was an obvious improvement in 2009, which strongly demonstrated that the evaluation model was scientific and practical. Finally, further improvements are proposed from four aspects, including thoroughly identifying environmental factors, encouraging the development of advanced pollution control technologies, sustaining the improvement process of EMS after the initial adoption, and supporting the involvement of software applications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
In industry today many products are sold for their efficacy rather than their chemical composition. Many variables (dependent variables), which characterize the quality of the final product in a ...manufacturing process, can be difficult to measure in real-time. Measurement difficulties can be due to a variety of reasons, including: (1)
Reliability of on-line sensors, (2)
Lack of appropriate on-line instrumentation. It is often the case that off-line laboratory tests are the only means of determining product quality measurements. However such laboratory analyses introduce delays in the measurement of key performance indicators. This can result in a significant economic loss if the analysed product fails the quality control test. In such situations an improved monitoring system is therefore required to determine product quality online and minimise commercial wastage. To facilitate this, advanced monitoring and control or optimisation techniques require inferred measurements, generated with correlations from readily available process variables (independent variables). Although inferential models are widely used in industry, only a few techniques for inferential model development are discussed in the open literature. This paper therefore will present a comparative evaluation study of the current inferential measurement techniques. An improved systematic approach for the development of inferential models using intelligent and soft computing systems is also highlighted. The proposed approach is designed to address some of the problems that currently exist in the area of inferential modelling through the fusion of statistical and computational intelligence models. A novel method of fusion is also proposed and an industrial case study is then presented to demonstrate the methodology by inferring the ‘Anchorage’ of polymeric-coated substrates (i.e. Tyvek or paper) in the coating industry. The application on which this methodology is demonstrated is unique. No such work in the literature to date has presented any inferential modelling strategies in the area of the coating industry. This strategy developed through the fusion of statistical and artificial modelling to generate a hybrid inferential measurement system has the potential to significantly improve the quality control monitoring system and reduce the economic loss encountered through the production of off-spec material.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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