This article presents a color light detection system integrated in 130 nm CMOS technology. The sensors and corresponding electronics detect light in a CIE XYZ color luminosity space using on-chip ...integrated sensors without any additional process steps, high-resolution analog-to-digital converter, and dedicated DSP algorithm. The sensor consists of a set of laterally arranged integrated photodiodes that are partly covered by metal, where color separation between the photodiodes is achieved by lateral carrier diffusion together with wavelength-dependent absorption. A high resolution, hybrid, ∑∆ ADC converts each photo diode's current into a 22-bit digital result, canceling the dark current of the photo diodes. The digital results are further processed by the DSP, which calculates normalized XYZ or RGB color and intensity parameters using linear transformations of the three photo diode responses by multiplication of the data with a transformation matrix, where the coefficients are extracted by training in combination with a pseudo-inverse operation and the least-mean square approximation. The sensor system detects the color light parameters with 22-bit accuracy, consumes less than 60 μA on average at 10 readings per second, and occupies approx. 0.8 mm(2) of silicon area (including three photodiodes and the analog part of the ADC). The DSP is currently implemented on FPGA.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This article presents a design, modeling, simulation, and measurements of a hybrid photocurrent-to-digital converter integrated together with photo-diodes in a 130nm CMOS process, without any ...additional process steps. Photo-currents of integrated photo-diodes with different responsivities to different wavelength of the light and light intensity are converted into 22-bits digital results in 2ms. The results can then be converted into CIE XYZ or RGB color luminosity space using dedicated DSP algorithm. A high resolution, hybrid, ADC converts light induced photo-currents into 22-bit digital results, canceling the dark current of the photodiodes and 1/f noise and offset voltage of the input stage of the modulator. The whole converter consumes on average less than current at supply voltage at 10 conversions per second. It occupies approx. 0.8mm2 of silicon area, including the three photodiodes, a multiplexer, and the ΣΔ modulator.
•A photocurrent-to-digital converter in 130nm CMOS technology.•Converter includes different photodiodes, the ADC and DSP.•The spectral responsivity of different photo-diodes is achieved through the layout.•The circuits eliminates dark current of a photo-diodes and offset voltage and 1/f noise of the amplifier.•Clock jitter influence is reduced using FIR-DAC filter.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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