The rapid development in EV technologies in recent years has accelerated the adoption of EVs and the widespread use of EVs has augmented the interest in charging stations. In order to contribute to ...the works on this concern, a novel EV Charging-Discharging Station Scheme (EVCDS), is proposed in this work. EVCDS proposes a clustered charging station at the parking lots of commercial enterprises because of the advantages of this settlement from the views of the utility grid, EV drivers and the operators. Moreover, a kind of incentivization is applied in the cost calculation of charge/discharge operations for increasing the advantages of EVCDS for operators and EV drivers by including EV drivers to efficient use of energy. In EVCDS, EVs and loads of the commercial enterprise are energy consumers while Photovoltaic-Battery system, EVs (due to discharging) and the utility grid are energy sources. EVCDS manages these energy sources within the framework of a developed priority based energy management strategy for promoting well balanced and efficient use of energy. In order to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of EVCDS, several scenarios are created and simulated. In these scenarios, charging stations are located at the parking lot of a shopping mall in Turkey. Simulation results show that EVCDS reduces the daily energy demand by 64.24% and the high power demand by 32.86% compared to the same charging station plant without EVCDS. In addition, applied incentivization in EVCDS provides 36.70% reduction in the total energy cost of the operator.
•A novel Electric Vehicle Charging/Discharging Stations Scheme is presented.•Energy management of a clustered of charging stations and its easy integration to smart grid are discussed.•Complementary energy sources are examined for supplying energy demand of EV charging•A cost incentivization method is proposed for efficient use of charging stations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
There have been many empirical studies on the entrepreneurship of start-ups mainly focusedon entrepreneurial motivations, and institutional and social factors. However, research on thefactors ...affecting the innovativeness of star-ups through comparative analysis between socialenterprises and commercial enterprises is scarce. Social enterprises that execute a dual-mission to contribute towards the inclusive growth anddevelopment of the society have reached a scale of value added and employment in Japan sincethe 2000s. It is not easy for social enterprises to solve social problems and realize sustainabledevelopment of business through creating innovative products and services. The purpose of this study was to clarify the socio-economic factors affecting the innovativenessof start-ups through comparative analysis between social enterprises and commercial enterprisesin Japan. Specifically, quantitative analytical methods such as exploratory and confirmatorymulti-variate analyses were applied to enterprise level micro-data based on the Survey on ActualConditions of Start-ups in 2013（ conducted by the Japan Finance Corporation Research Institute）. We reached the following conclusions based on the analytical results. First, a highly innovativesocial enterprise has the same level of social attributes（ human capital）, endogenous motivation,and management ability as a highly innovative commercial enterprise. Secondly, highlyinnovative social enterprises have special factors in business strategies, internal labor marketmanagement and external networks compared to highly innovative commercial enterprises. Therefore, to promote the development of social enterprises in Japan, policies and support systemsthat match the characteristics of the social enterprise are necessary.JEL Classifications:O35, L26, L31
The article discusses the features of lexical and semantic organization of the toponymic space of the city on the example of Russian (Ekaterinburg) and French (Rennes) ergonyms. Using the continuous ...sampling, ergonyms (510 and 228, respectively) were analyzed and classified. The results of a survey of city residents showed that respondents described associations that arise in relation to the proposed items, and determined the functional profile of the commercial enterprise by its name. The subsequent statistical analysis revealed the most productive nominative models. The authors believe that the target audience should influence the choice of the name of a commercial property, since the social well-being of city residents is a leading factor in the success of urban development.
Business Intelligence (BI) also, SMEs square degree unmistakable examination areas anyway large cooperation amongst the ones factors can deliver the a achievement benefit from every other. This ...collaboration has been thinking about in main the dynamic climate. This connection will exclusively beautify singular bits of expertise of BI and SMEs, it adds to the business enterprise herbal execution. despite the fact that examination on BI and SMEs is tremendous so far, restricted spotlight was given on studying detail among Bi and SMEs. Thusly, this investigation is expected to accomplice examinations writing and investigates an incorporated study of writing broke down on anyway BI and SMEs benefit from every other and affords to the economic business enterprise ecological execution. A subjective substance examination have become directed for the approach that considers forty three articles for information deliver. Discoveries of the writing audit prescribe upgrading capacity of SMEs and new advancement of Bi, that might affect each different. Discoveries of this research may also become supportive for additonal examination regarding Bi usage success
There have been many empirical studies on the entrepreneurship of start-ups mainly focusedon entrepreneurial motivations, and institutional and social factors. However, research on thefactors ...affecting the innovativeness of star-ups through comparative analysis between socialenterprises and commercial enterprises is scarce. Social enterprises that execute a dual-mission to contribute towards the inclusive growth anddevelopment of the society have reached a scale of value added and employment in Japan sincethe 2000s. It is not easy for social enterprises to solve social problems and realize sustainabledevelopment of business through creating innovative products and services. The purpose of this study was to clarify the socio-economic factors affecting the innovativenessof start-ups through comparative analysis between social enterprises and commercial enterprisesin Japan. Specifically, quantitative analytical methods such as exploratory and confirmatorymulti-variate analyses were applied to enterprise level micro-data based on the Survey on ActualConditions of Start-ups in 2013（ conducted by the Japan Finance Corporation Research Institute）. We reached the following conclusions based on the analytical results. First, a highly innovativesocial enterprise has the same level of social attributes（ human capital）, endogenous motivation,and management ability as a highly innovative commercial enterprise. Secondly, highlyinnovative social enterprises have special factors in business strategies, internal labor marketmanagement and external networks compared to highly innovative commercial enterprises. Therefore, to promote the development of social enterprises in Japan, policies and support systemsthat match the characteristics of the social enterprise are necessary.JEL Classifications:O35, L26, L31
Demand Side Management in power systems plays an important role in ensuring a reliable power supply and protecting the environment. Demand Side Management in the commercial sector is vital for ...sustainable development during China's industrial restructuring. A hybrid multi-criteria decision making framework for evaluating Demand Side Management performance of commercial enterprises is proposed from a sustainability perspective. A fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process is employed to determine the weights of the criteria and a fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution is applied to rank Demand Side Management performance. An evaluation index system is built, containing economic, social, environmental and technical criteria associated with 15 sub-criteria. Four groups of expert panels from government departments, research institutions, electricity utilities and commercial enterprises gave judgments on criteria weights and criteria performances for alternatives. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid framework was demonstrated through a case study in Beijing, in which Demand Side Management performances of four alternatives were ranked. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that the hybrid framework is robust.
Remanufacturing is considered one of the most effective and efficient end-of-life strategies of the circular economy, in terms of environmental benefits and economic viability. Products are ...circulating all over the world, coming from multiple sources and numerous intermediates. Thereby, making the supply chain between the user and the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) very complex when it comes to recovering products at their end-of-life. In fact, local sellers have direct contact with users, as they are geographically close, which makes it easier for them to recuperate worn out and obsolete products. However, these sellers lack the know-how and the technical knowledge necessary to develop the remanufacturing process. This paper presents the strategy to be followed by small companies to adopt and implement the remanufacturing process, in order to give these end-of-life products a second life and to make a profit from both new and remanufactured products. In particular, it focuses on the specific case of a small company in France, that included the process of remanufacturing air compressors and electric motors in its business model and started selling them directly to users. Therefore, this study will display the multiple advantages that this remanufacturing strategy has to offer and will also show the barriers that can be faced when applying this strategy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the year 1890 started Leopold Kašpar in small workshop in Senica in district Hana for the production of mill- and malt machinery. Six years later outside of the village he has erected big ...machinery factory. In the year 1919 he was forced to sell this factory to the society Mlynářská obchodní společnost, spol. s r.o. (Miller´s trade company Ltd), that succesfully produced till Big economic crisis. The production of mill- and malt machinery was fi nished at the start of Word War Nr. II, the manufacture of towing vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers continuous with success up to now.
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