This study highlights an attempt of comparing the performance of several energy storage (ES) devices like battery ES, flywheel ES, capacitive ES, superconducting magnetic ES, ultra-capacitors and ...redox flow battery (RFB) in automatic generation control under bilateral deregulated scenario. The considered system comprises gas and thermal generations wherein a geothermal power plant (GTPP) is also incorporated. Gas and thermal systems are provided with appropriate generation rate constraints. A new fractional order (FO) cascade controller named as FO proportional-integral–FO proportional-derivative (FOPI–FOPD) is proposed as secondary controller and its performance is compared with commonly used classical controllers. A novel stochastic algorithm, sine cosine algorithm, has been used to optimise controller gains and other parameters. Analyses of dynamic responses reveal the superiority of FOPI–FOPD over others in terms of settling time, peak deviation and magnitude of oscillation. The effect due to GTPP introduction has been examined and the responses disclose that the integration of GTPP leads to better dynamics. Performances of various ES devices in the presence of FOPI–FOPD controller are also compared and dynamic responses of RFB found superior to others. For a more realistic scenario, analysis is done considering time delay and some practical plants of Nevada, USA.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this work, a comparative study is analysed between the fractional-order controllers such as fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative (FOPID), two-degree-of-freedom ...proportional–integral–derivative (DOF FOPID) and 3DOF FOPID, and conventional controllers such as proportional–integral–derivative (PID), 2DOF PID and 3DOF PID employed in automatic generation control (AGC) in power system. The proposed 3DOF FOPID controller is validated as superior one among all other controllers. The gains of all the controllers are optimally plucked by novel salp swarm algorithm (SSA). Further, hybrid salp swarm algorithm–simulated annealing (hSSA-SA) algorithm is introduced to enhance the proficiency of 3DOF FOPID controller by sensibly plucking the gain parameters. The proposed approaches are implemented in a two-area thermal-hydro-diesel system. Small hydro plants (SHPs) of similar characteristics are enforced in both areas with their dynamic responses by conceding frequency deviations of each area. Further, sensitivity and robustness analysis of the system with and without SHP are observed by varying some important parameters of the system. Finally, the supremacy of three novel approaches (fractional based controllers, hSSA-SA and SHP) is substantiated gracefully.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In this study, a single input interval type‐2 fuzzy logic (SI‐IT2‐FLC) supervised adaptive neural‐fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) controller is proposed for the velocity tracking task of a two‐wheeled ...mobile robot (WMR). The suggested technique can handle the inherent nonlinearities, uncertainties and external disturbances in the system model by a new supervised controller. The robot control design is accomplished by two separate phases including kinematic controller, which is characterized using the kinematic model of the robot, and dynamic controller, which is designed using the physical features of the robot dynamics. In particular, an SI‐IT2‐fuzzy PD (SI‐IT2‐FPD) controller is initially applied for the trajectory tracking problem in the two‐WMR. In this way, the impact of the footprint of uncertainty (FOU) on control surface (CS) generation is studied, i.e. several CSs were generated by changing a single coefficient which shapes the FOU. Then, a new SI‐IT2‐FPD supervised ANFIS controller is developed for the concerned robot system. To enhance the efficiency of the suggested controller, the baseline PD gains of the SI‐IT2‐FPD are adjusted in a heuristic manner. Finally, a prototype of the concerned robot is implemented to investigate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed framework in a real‐time platform.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper deals with a Wind Conversion System (WCS) based on a Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Generator (HESG) connected to an isolated load. The set is modeled under Matlab–Simulink. To ensure an ...efficient and reliable use of the system, a tight control remains vital. In fact, the dynamic equations of a turbine are strongly nonlinear as are the ones of a HESG; most of the system parameters are highly uncertain, and, at last, a WCS is always affected by disturbance sources such as load variances, harmonics, mechanical vibrations…To address these problems, robust control methods must be adopted. In this paper, two strategies for the control of variable speed wind turbine are investigated. First, an H∞ controller is implemented. Then, a second-generation CRONE controller is designed. The performance of the two regulators is compared with respect to the tracking of the optimal rotation speed, the attenuation of the mechanical vibration and the robustness to the uncertainty of the parameters, using time-domain simulations. It has been found that the CRONE controller is more robust to parameters uncertainty and minimizes the fluctuations of the torsional torque and the generator’s angular velocity. Finally, an experimental validation of the velocity controllers is presented to complete the simulation results and fully validate the chosen approach.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The Arduino platform provides a virtually limitless range of creative opportunities to musicians who are interested to explore new technologies. In Arduino for Musicians, Brent Edstrom provides a ...comprehensive guide to the underlying technologies enabling the creation of custom instruments that respond to light, touch, breath, and other forms of control.
In this paper, the heading control of a large ship is enhanced with a specific end goal, to check the unwanted impact of the waves on the actuator framework. The Nomoto model is investigated to ...describe the ship’s guiding progression. First and second order models are considered here. The viability of the models is examined based on the principal properties of the Nomoto model. Different controllers are proposed, these are Proportional Integral Derivative (PID), Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and Model Reference Adaptive Control Genetic optimization Algorithm (MRAC-GA) for a ship heading control. The results show that the MRAC-GA controller provides the best results to satisfy the design requirements. The Matlab/Simulink tool is utilized to demonstrate the proposed arrangement in the control loop.
•A variable structure fuzzy controller is proposed for load frequency control of power systems comprising conventional and renewable generation technologies.•The proposed controller is applied on ...different power systems structure such as single area multi generation, multi-area single generation, and multi-area multi-generation.•The system dynamics are evaluated for different disturbances such as load variation, renewable generation fluctuation, and renewable generation intermittence.•The controller tuning parameters are tunned using PSO to consider different system nonlinearities such as generation rate constraints and governor dead-band.•The suggested controller is compared with fixed structure PID and fixed structure fuzzy controller.
Recently, the modern electric power system has a significant amount of renewable energy resources that produce fluctuating power and have low inertia. This power fluctuation causes a continuous mismatch between generation and load, which leads to a swing in the system's frequency. Simultaneously, the low inertia operation magnifies the frequency excursion. These challenges of low inertia, generation fluctuation, and load variation in the presence of system nonlinearity (saturation, generation rate constraints, and governor dead band) motivate the necessity for an efficient load frequency control (LFC) technique. LFC based on a fixed controller can provide an efficient response at a particular operating condition, while it may provide unsatisfactory performance at other conditions. This article proposes an adaptive variable structure control-based fuzzy PID controller (VSC-FPID), which has an online adjustable rule base. The controller is applied to the secondary loop of the LFC of a single area multi-generation system, a multi-area single generation, and multi-area multi-generation system. Also, the proposed controller is examined considering different sources on nonlinearities such as generation rate constraints (GRC) and governor dead band (GDB). The proposed controller's gains and adaptation parameters are tuned concerning the nadir, oscillation, restoration time using the particle swarm optimization technique. The superiority of the introduced controller over the fixed structure fuzzy PID (FPID) and the PID controllers is proven at diverse disturbances including variations of load, solar irradiance, wind speed, and system inertia. In addition, the system performance during renewable intermittence is investigated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Power system stability is improved through using Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) to adjust the terminal voltage of synchronous generator. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and ...Proportional-Integral-Derivative-Acceleration (PIDA) controllers are used in AVR for excitation control. Whale optimization algorithm (WOA) technique is used in this paper to tune the controllers’ parameters. WOA using PID and PIDA controllers show its superiority through comparison with several optimization techniques. Then comparison between both controllers is carried out and shows that PIDA controller is better than PID controller. Therefore, WOA using PIDA controller is the best system. Robustness analysis is performed to check terminal voltage response with load variation and proved again the superiority of WOA-PIDA system. The contribution of the paper is mainly in analysis by using Root Locus and Bode diagram beside using new optimized controller system in this application.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this paper, two different speed controllers i.e., fuzzy online gain tuned anti wind up Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controller and fuzzy PID supervised online ANFIS controller for ...the speed control of brushless dc motor have been proposed. The control system parameters such as rise time, settling time, peak time, recovery time, peak overshoot and undershoot of speed response of the brushless dc motor with the proposed controllers have been compared with already published controllers such as anti wind up PID controller, fuzzy PID controller, offline ANFIS controller, PID supervised online ANFIS controller and On-line Recursive least square—error back propagation algorithm based ANFIS controller. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers, the brushless dc motor is operated under constant load condition, varying load conditions and varying set speed conditions. The simulation results under MATLAB environment have predicted better performance with fuzzy PID supervised online ANFIS controller under all operating conditions of the drive.
•Fuzzy online gain tuned anti wind up PID and Fuzzy PID supervised online ANFIS based speed controllers are proposed for brushless dc motor.•Simulation has been performed and analyzed for varying speed and load conditions.•The proposed controller effectively eliminates the problem of wind up phenomenon and also improves the control system performance in all operating conditions of the brushless dc motor.
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