John Brown (1715–1766) was a clergyman who achieved great but transient fame as a writer and moralist. His attack on Shaftesbury and “moral sense” philosophy, against which he employed utilitarian ...arguments and also arguments deriving from God’s benevolent intentions toward his creation, was published in 1751 and was later praised by John Stuart Mill. The central text of this volume, An Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times (1757), is a vigorous attack on the “vain, luxurious, and selfish effeminacy” of England’s higher ranks, in the wake of the loss of Minorca to the French at the opening of the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763). Brown repeated the usual complaints of corruption that had been raised during the premiership of Walpole and argued that public virtue had been undermined by a preoccupation with luxury and commerce. Estimate was printed no fewer than seven times within the first year, earning the author the name “Estimate Brown.” Alongside Estimate , the volume includes four other works by Brown: his poem On Liberty (1749); his Essays on the Characteristicks (1751), which is an attack on Shaftesbury’s Characteristicks ; his Explanatory Defence of the Estimate (1758), in which Brown engaged to defend the work, to some modest extent, against his critics; and finally, a late work, Thoughts on Civil Liberty (1765). Two appendixes complement the texts: a brief tribute to Brown by Thomas Hollis (an Englishman who devoted his life to the cause of liberty and for whom this series is named), in which Hollis depicts Brown “as a weak man who nevertheless possessed a measure of virtue and talent, and who fell among thieves in the feral literary and political circles of Hanoverian England.” The second appendix provides Hollis’s own annotations to his copy of Estimate . The introduction, by David Womersley, places Brown’s writings and career in the context of eighteenth-century moralism and, naturally, in the tradition of British writing on liberty. The annotations will gloss now-unfamiliar words and explain now-obscure references to contemporary events, circumstances, and personalities. David Womersley is Thomas Warton Professor of English Literature at the University of Oxford. His most recent book is an edition of Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels (2012).
A novel fast photoresponse and self-fading photochromic hydrogel system was fabricated based on Cu-doped WO3, which prepared by employing DESs as co-solvent. The photochromic hydrogel displayed ...remarkable antibacterial ability and non-cytotoxicity, great potential in the applications of stimuli-responsive materials such as smart windows, repeatable erasing paper and photochromic sensors.
Display omitted
•Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a co-solvent was employed to prepare Cu-doped WO3 photochromic materials.•The fabricated P(AM-HEA)-Cu-WO3-X photochromic hydrogels exhibit rapid photoresponse and enhanced self-fading rate.•The deep-blue colored P(AM-HEA)-Cu-WO3-25 % hydrogel could come back to its colorless state within 40 min.•The mechanism of photochromic and self-fading behaviors for P(AM-HEA)-Cu-WO3-X hydrogels was detailed analyzed.•The remarkable antibacterial performance and cell viability possessed in hydrogels also confirmed.
A novel photochromic and self-bleaching hydrogel was prepared based on the Cu-doped tungsten oxide (WO3) hybrid encapsulated in the co-polymer matrix polymerized using acrylamide (AM) and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) as monomers. The Cu-WO3-25 % hybrid was generated by introducing Cu species into the lattice of WO3 with hexagonal-like prismatic structure and acted as light absorber. Given that WO3 and Cu-doped WO3 hybrids possess superior water solubility by using water and deep eutectic solvents (DESs, ChCl:EG) containing sufficient hydrogen bond as co-solvent, the high transparency of 90 % of the hydrogels was achieved. As compared with P(AM-HEA)-WO3-based hydrogel, the P(AM-HEA)-Cu-WO3-X hydrogel exhibited the enhanced coloration degree under UV irradiation. The P(AM-HEA)-Cu-WO3-25 % photochromic hydrogel changed from colorless to blue immediately once illuminated by UV light, and turns into dark-blue with the irradiation time going on. The self-bleaching process indicates it only takes 40 min for the P(AM-HEA)-Cu-WO3-25 % hydrogel to return to the original colorless transparent state. Furthermore, the hydrogel systems exhibit efficient antibacterial activities against bacteria of both E. coli and S. aureus, accompanying with outstanding biocompatibility. As such, the fabricated hydrogel demonstrates rapid photoresponse, self-bleaching process, superior antibacterial performance, and cell viability, showing a great potential application as stimuli-responsive materials.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The most well-known example of an ordered quantum state—superconductivity—is caused by the formation and condensation of pairs of electrons. Fundamentally, what distinguishes a superconducting state ...from a normal state is a spontaneously broken symmetry corresponding to the long-range coherence of pairs of electrons, leading to zero resistivity and diamagnetism. Here we report a set of experimental observations in hole-doped Ba1−xKxFe2As2. Our specific-heat measurements indicate the formation of fermionic bound states when the temperature is lowered from the normal state. However, when the doping level is x ≈ 0.8, instead of the characteristic onset of diamagnetic screening and zero resistance expected below the superconducting phase transition, we observe the opposite effect: the generation of self-induced magnetic fields in the resistive state, measured by spontaneous Nernst effect and muon spin rotation experiments. This combined evidence indicates the existence of a bosonic metal state in which Cooper pairs of electrons lack coherence, but the system spontaneously breaks time-reversal symmetry. The observations are consistent with the theory of a state with fermionic quadrupling, in which long-range order exists not between Cooper pairs but only between pairs of pairs.A state that breaks time-reversal symmetry is observed in the normal phase above the superconducting critical temperature in a multiband superconductor. This could be explained by correlations between the Cooper pairs formed in different bands.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, NUK, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Objectives:
VO2max is globally considered as the gold standard to evaluate the cardiorespiratory fitness that is an essential component to judge one’s aerobic fitness level. The present study was ...aimed to enumerate the validity for application of Cooper’s 12 min run test (CRT) in predicting VO2max among Indian swimmers and volleyball players.
Materials and Methods:
Swimmers (male = 66, female = 70) and volleyball players (male = 88, female = 81) were recruited by simple random sampling from reputed clubs of Kolkata. They were segregated into study and confirmatory groups. VO2max was determined by graded incremental cycle ergometer test followed by expired gas analysis and indirect CRT method.
Results:
Predicted VO2max (PVO2max) showed significant difference with the directly measured VO2max (VO2max) in study groups of both sports. Limits of agreement between PVO2max and VO2max proved inapplicability of current CRT protocol in studied populations. Modified population specific equations were computed from significant correlation of VO2max with distance covered in Cooper run test. Application of these norms in confirmatory groups revealed insignificant difference between PVO2max and VO2max in both genders.
Conclusion:
Modified equations are validated for application of CRT in evaluating VO2max in swimmers and volleyball players of both genders of Kolkata, India.
Glass matrices of Li2B4O7 doped with Dy3+, Yb3+ and Cu were synthesized by melt quenching technique using different concentration of copper nanoparticles. The study and analysis are centered in ...shielding radiation. The samples amorphous nature was corroborated by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and nanoparticles size distribution was obtained by transmittance electron microscopy (TEM). Optical characterizations used were absorbance and photoluminescence emission (PL). Radiation shielding theoretical properties: mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP) and effective atomic number (Zeff) are obtained using Phy-X/PSD software and analyzed for future applications in radiation security.
•Nanoparticles size distribution immersed in the samples is between 1 and 50 nm obtained with TEM analysis.•The refractive index of all samples was calculated, which makes them suitable to use in optoelectronics systems.•The Mass Attenuation Coefficient (MAC) value enhances when the copper dopant increases.•The samples show a good radiation shielding capacity.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
8.
Superconducting spintronics Linder, Jacob; Robinson, Jason W. A.
Nature physics,
04/2015, Volume:
11, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A key requirement for spintronics is that the spin degree of freedom relaxes slowly enough for the spin to be manipulated and read out. Spin lifetimes are nevertheless typically fairly short in ...diusive materials owing to spinorbit and spin-flip scattering processes which lead to spin randomization. Another major hurdle relates to the fact that, because electrons carry spin and charge, they are susceptible to processes which cause dissipation and decoherence due to the charge degree of freedom
Full text
Available for:
IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Cooper pairs in non-centrosymmetric superconductors can acquire finite centre-of-mass momentum in the presence of an external magnetic field. Recent theory predicts that such finite-momentum ...pairing can lead to an asymmetric critical current, where a dissipationless supercurrent can flow along one direction but not in the opposite one. Here we report the discovery of a giant Josephson diode effect in Josephson junctions formed from a type-II Dirac semimetal, NiTe
2
. A distinguishing feature is that the asymmetry in the critical current depends sensitively on the magnitude and direction of an applied magnetic field and achieves its maximum value when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the current and is of the order of just 10 mT. Moreover, the asymmetry changes sign several times with an increasing field. These characteristic features are accounted for by a model based on finite-momentum Cooper pairing that largely originates from the Zeeman shift of spin-helical topological surface states. The finite pairing momentum is further established, and its value determined, from the evolution of the interference pattern under an in-plane magnetic field. The observed giant magnitude of the asymmetry in critical current and the clear exposition of its underlying mechanism paves the way to build novel superconducting computing devices using the Josephson diode effect.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, NUK, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
