Kültürel miras kavramı ve kültürel mirasın korunmasına dair benimsenen yaklaşım, tarihsel süreç içerisinde sürekli olarak gelişerek değişime uğramıştır. Öncelikle tek yapı özelinde ortaya çıkan ...koruma anlayışından zaman içinde sıyrılarak, yapının çevresi ile bir bütün olarak ele alınmasına yönelik yaklaşım benimsenmiştir. Son yıllarda ise dünyada ve ülkemizde koruma çalışmalarında mekana dair oluşan belleğin kültürel mirasın korunmasındaki önemi anlaşılmaya başlanmıştır.2021 yılının değişen ve gelişen kent düzeniyle birlikte beraberinde getirdiği değişikliklerle koruma çalışmalarına dair de yeni ihtiyaçlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Artan nüfus ve beraberinde oluşan ihtiyaçlara yönelik gelişen kent düzeniyle birlikte, somut ve somut olmayan mirasın uyum içinde korunması gerekli hal almıştır. Kültürel mirasın korunmasında belleğin önemi üzerine çalışmış olduğum bu tezde, 21.yüzyılın değişen ve hızla dönüşen kentsel mekanında hem sit alanı hem yenileme alanı hem de Dünya Miras Alanı sınırları içerisinde kalan, İstanbul Tarihi Yarımadası'ndaki Muhsine Hatun (Kumkapı) ve Şehsuvar Bey (Kadırga) mahalleleri üzerinden irdelemesine yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında belirlenen sınırlar içerisinde yoğun ve uzun süreli saha çalışmaları neticesinde fiziksel, sosyal ve ekonomik yapıya dair güncel veriler elde edilmiştir.Gerçekleştirilen saha çalışmalarında, birçoğu tarihi değere sahip, 800 adet yapının tek tek incelemesi yapılmış ve kaydı tutulmuştur. Aynı zamanda çalışmanın kilit noktası olan bellek unsurlarına dair verilerin toplanması adına mahalleli ile sözlü tarih görüşmeleri yapılmıştır.Yenilikçi ve çok paydaşlı bu tez çalışmasında öncelikle değişen ve dönüşen kent dokusu odaklı mahalle profili hazırlanmış, ardından ortaya çıkan mahalle mekanının güçlü-zayıf-fırsat-tehdit (GZTF) yönlerine yoğunlaşarak koruma odaklı stratejik plan analiz yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Ortaya çıkan analiz sonuçları doğrultusunda kültürel mirasın korunarak yaşatılması amaçlı vizyon ve eylem planları belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen eylem planlarında her iki mahallede en küçük ayrıntısına kadar bir bütün olarak en kapsamlı şekilde ele alınmıştır. Tez kapsamında, yüz yılların birikimiyle oluşan Muhsine Hatun ve Şehsuvar Bey mahallelerinin belleğini geleceğe aktarmak ve mekana dair bilinci arttırarak mekandaki kültürel mirasın korunmasına katkı sağlama amacıyla interaktif web sitesi oluşturulmuştur.Bu çok paydaşlı ve yenilikçi atölye çalışması kapsamında mahallelerin sivil mimari bina stokuna ilişkin geliştirilen özgün yöntem ile elde edilen bulgular uygulamaya yönelik güncel ve öncü adım niteliği taşımaktadır.
Esta dissertação de mestrado em Antropologia explora a relação mente-corpo e as meta-experiências vividas por praticantes da arte marcial japonesa Taiki-Ken que integram o grupo Shobu-Kan., sediado ...em Tochigi, no Japão.Kenichi Sawaii, criador do Taiki-Ken, toma como ponto central na arte marcial a compreensão do Ki, cujo entendimento está condicionado à vivência experiencial, por parte do praticante, de certas posturas básicas. Esta arte marcial possui, assim, na sua base, técnicas meditativas e de combate que vão sendo incorporadas através do treino e da disciplina corporal, e que conduzem ao desenvolvimento de estados de atenção, proporcionando experiências que se distanciam dos estados vividos no cotidiano.Ancorado numa abordagem fenomenológica, a investigação foi conduzida a partir de uma extensa pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, fundada na compreensão da relação mente-corpo e do papel da experiência na construção de conhecimento incorporado, assim como de trabalho de campo realizado em Toshigi, Japão, entre os meses de novembro e dezembro de 2019. A pesquisa construiu-se a partir da participação observante, já que o investigador partiu da prática individual e da prática inserida no grupo Shobu-Kan com o propósito de descrever as meta-experiências e o conhecimento incorporados pela prática do Taiki-Ken. Paralelamente, fez-se uso da observação participante e de conversas informais, o que tornou possível relacionar os estados experienciais do investigador com o discurso constituinte do Taiki-Ken.A realização deste estudo etnográfico permitiu compreender a relevância dos processos cognitivos e da experiência na construção do conhecimento, tornando clara a correlação entre mente e corpo, bem como o carácter não dicotômico que a mesma envolve.
This is an investigation into the daily life of a small subsistence village called Rio Blanco located in the coastal province of Manabí, Ecuador. It is focused primarily on the traditional ...interactions between people and nature, how these interactions sustain life and create a sense of place and identity, and how these interactions are changing under pressure from the modern world. Through participant observation, information on the various aspects of interaction with the natural environment were collected. These include subsistence horticulture in the mountains of the cloud forest, movement through the landscape, and impacts on the immediate environment. The people of Rio Blanco depend heavily on their environment for the cultivation of food, procurement of non-timber forest resources, and above all as a place to call home. The repeated, quotidian interactions with nature and the environment cultivate a sense of place and in turn a sense of identity is daily born and perpetuated.
Employing a Foucauldian inflected analytic framework, I examine how youth resettled in and around Unity, NC, ambivalently managed racializing discourses associated with being ‘refugee’ as they ...pursued access to higher education (HE). Like many scholars who are drawn to post-structuralist concepts, I understand ‘discourse’ to be a form of knowledge and power, which operates through institutions implicated in advancing forms of self-government. In my video-conferenced interviews with youth they revealed cogent interpretations of the many ways these different U.S. governmental (and some non-governmental) institutions operated in their lives as “the System.” In the particular case of refugee youth, they used the expression as a short-hand label to refer to all the agencies in charge of maintaining U.S. sovereignty through the monitoring of populations of people that seek to move through them. When the populations are displaced and mobile people, they are subjected to the racializing logics of immigration policies, which can intensify the marginalization that youth face, as well as neglect the importance of their lived experiences. In order to feel seen by “the System,” these youth expressed the pressure they felt to perform as what social scientists call neoliberal, citizenship-striving subjects, when expected to act as cultural educators to their US citizen peers. The individualization of these pressures operated simultaneously through particular interactions within networked institutional settings. As such, they formed interlocking social and temporal scales. The exploration of my research adds to existing literature by demonstrating the limits of African refugee youth’s access to higher education (HE) in the U.S. Southeast, requiring the assistance of programs such as the African Diasporic Youth Development (ADYD) to navigate “the System.” These claims are supported by virtual ethnographic research conducted in partnership with ADANC’s, ADYD program participants and staff enlisting the methods of modified participant observation, content and narrative analysis, and Photo Elicitation (PE). This is a modified Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) study which centralizes on African diasporic community building. This research was carried out in collaboration with refugee youth ages 16-21 from a variety of countries of origin including, Eritrea, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), South Africa, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania and Afghanistan. This research has revealed, across examples of many lived experiences of refugee youth that they cannot be resistant to “the System” without first being actively engaged in performing contra to every script of damning discourse surrounding the socio-political label of “refugee” - they must understand “the System” in order to reform it.
Contemporary urbanization in China is marked by speed, repetition, and similitude; key features of what I call spectral urbanism that also attends to the presence of absence, to recursivity and ...deferral. The mass development of empty, outmoded and seemingly abandoned modern ghost cities in China’s borderlands come to be used as evidence of an interruption or lack in the veneer of Chinese modernity. The contours and quality of stalled development are measured, read in objects of the built environment which have yet to fulfill their anticipated function: vacant buildings, quiet roads that lead no one to empty parks, homes which house no bodies. The scale, velocity and acceleration of these ruinous landscapes have become constitutive features of Chinese capitalism, placing the ghost city at the fore of discussions about “neoliberal autocracy”, “economic authoritarianism” and “post-socialist” capitalist ecologies. Instead I suggest that ghost cities act as indexes of a future endlessly deferred, the material referent of particular historical configurations subject to constant revision, to strategies of forgetting. In landscapes marked by disappearance, loss is the affective register that marks this time. Losses, however, are rarely equally distributed.“Moving Mountains” is both a metaphor for material velocity and a practice of terrestrial erasure in China’s industrial north – the excavation, removal and movement of vast quantities of land at a scale that is terraforming the loess plateaus and steppes of its strategic resource frontier into a landscape marked by profound/resonant/abiding absence. The obliteration of land and lives at the earth’s surface, finds its Uncanny double in the inverted mountains of emergent subterranean frontiers – an underground topography of fluorescent rivers, anaerobic bacteria and hydrocarbon particles created in the toxic devastation of mining rare earths. Contractions of life—displaced peoples, tainted water supplies, drying riverbeds, mineral wounds—are accompanied proliferation, plenitude, abundance of toxic aeLife. These twinned processes, that of erasure and creation, presence and absence, are defining features of chronopolitical experiments in contemporary China—forms of prolepsis whereby the transformation of space is a means of engineering time.Drawing on the insight that landscapes are not just given but produced through entanglements of human and more-than-human assemblages, this paper reads the topography of Inner Mongolia—a province situated in China’s semi-colonial periphery—as an archive holding a repertoire of chronopolitical forms, material substrates of empire, accumulation, violence, and trauma. Throughout the twentieth century this region has provided the ground for anxious stagings in the state’s campaigns to enact modernity, from the years following agrarian collectivization during Maoist socialism to its current designation as a special economic zone (SEZ) for national urban, financial and environmental experimentation. Today, it is the center of the rare earths mining industries producing 95% of the global supply, a key commodity chain that makes green technology possible. In Baotou and Ordos, where extreme environmental degradation resulting from the mining of mineral ore and rare earths processing competes with demand and massive infrastructural investment over the use-value of broken land, the region confronts and conjoins, the twinned contradiction of imminent environmental collapse and long-term interest in urban futures. Through an analysis of state planning documents and records, blueprints, satellite images, maps and other evidentiary devices I examine the North China Plain as a geological palimpsest indexing competing, outmoded, foreclosed and recursive futures; and work to excavate the traces, residues, and afterlives that haunt this earthly archive as a collection of signs and symbols made simultaneously present and absent.Tracing the way urban, futural, and environmental ecologies are read through sand, coal, rare earths, water, concrete and steel by architects, urban designers, government officials, mining engineers, prospectors, geologists and migrant communities we can observe how the sedimentation of material substrates gives form to political time in Inner Mongolia. The multiplication of empty cities amidst disappearing lakes, moving deserts and stilled rivers provides an occasion to understand how profound contractions of life in the North China Plain are accompanied by the proliferation of other kinds, forms and classifications of (toxic) life—from the algal blooms, autochtonous microbes and archaea bacteria spreading across fluorescent tailings ponds at mining sites to the amplification of cancerous cells and petrochemical traces housed in our bodies and in the land.Seeking to make sense of a place that is at once, disappearing and coming into being, I examine mineral capital, spectral urbanism and the immaterial dimensions of the materiality. These processes, these uncanny uncertainties of presence, link official state futures with its promises of infinite economic development to the endlessly deferred, present absence of recursive futures that have shaped China’s long twentieth century.
The pursuit of class studies in African American communities has long since been a part of the ongoing body of research pertaining to African diasporic populations. However, interest in class ...stratification, especially the consideration of the Black upper class, has thus far been scant within anthropological studies. This thesis will seek to understand the nuances of elite, middle-class, and working-class identities in a historic, previously all-African American community called Green Valley through an oral history project completed with long-time residents and descendants. These interviews lend insight to the idea that Black communities created during the Jim Crow Era did not always fall into binary categories of “elite” or “poor.” Instead, neighborhoods like Green Valley hosted people of multiple class identities all within the same community boundary while ultimately maintaining a unified, community-centered identity.
This research engages the social and environmental impacts of petroleum development through an ethnographic study of a fracking boom in the Mexican American town of Cotulla, Texas. I worked closely ...with residents, community leaders, and regional stakeholders to analyze how residents of South Texas, who have a long history of resource extraction, engaged with the development of the Eagle Ford Shale, one of the largest natural deposits of oil and gas in the world. For Texas, shale petroleum dominates discussions of energy independence and local economic sustainability given the expected long-term production of three major shale basins: the Barnett Shale, Permian Basin, and Eagle Ford Shale. Here, as in other areas of resource extraction, effective environmental discourse proves to be in direct opposition to neoliberal development strategies and local perceptions of prosperity. The socio-political history of south Texas is a rich and complex one characterized by the dominance of evolving political-economic systems—missionization, farming, ranching, hunting, and now energy. For Mexicans and Mexican Americans, much of this history is one of prejudice and poverty. Wealth has historically been concentrated among the region’s minority population, the Anglo population, while racial and ethnic tensions fueled social and political segregation until as recently as the 1970s. The early 1970s saw the rise of a political revolution and emergence of a political party in Cotulla that was deeply inspired by the Civil Rights Movement. La Raza Unida Party, led by some of Cotulla’s most educated and boisterous youth, permanently altered the political landscape. This generation of leaders remains very active in their community. More important, the political narrative of the movement they helped create is the foundation to the community’s perspective of its future. In all, this dissertation articulates the ways in which the Chicano heritage of South Texas informs how communities like Cotulla see the Eagle Ford Shale as an opportunity to develop in historically inaccessible ways. The dissertation contributes to a broader argument for how certain regions present idiosyncratic understandings of environmental devastation as economic development and how these contribute to a growing anthropological literature on resource frontiers, Latinx environmentalism, and development.
Local ecological knowledge (LEK) has been researched in the past to examine how it can aid and support scientific ecological knowledge (SEK). SEK is often seen as the preferred and superior type of ...knowledge when dealing with environmental changes. However, both of these types of knowledge are not segregated within individuals but are dependent on age, experience with the fishery, experience with a scientific organization, and/or perception of changes in the environment based on lived experiences. Interactions between LEK and SEK users is valuable to the conservation that is needed to protect these fish species and is dependent on how well these groups are sharing their knowledge and communicating with one another. For this study, I have examined the exchange of knowledge on steelhead trout within Idaho between anglers, Idaho Fish & Game, and Office of Species Conservation. If these three groups are sharing SEK and LEK effectively, despite generational and organizational differences, then the variation between groups should be low. In addition to the exchange of knowledge, I have looked at communication, the meaning behind each group’s knowledge, and how age and experience play a factor into their perception of change. Of those that responded to the questionnaire, there were 26 angler respondents, 21 Idaho Fish & Game respondents, and 6 Office of Species Conservation respondents. Statistical tests indicated that there was a significant difference in LEK scores between groups, and there was low communication between Office of Species Conservation and anglers. There was a significant difference in where these groups reported that most of the mortality for steelhead occurred, and age and experience did not have an impact on LEK scores. These results indicate that there is variation between groups’ LEK which could be due to variations in LEK between groups. How groups define local can cause variation between groups’ LEK.
The goal of this dissertation is to assess the health and broader social effects of contemporary medical missions in Honduras. Though medical missions are a popular phenomenon that has garnered the ...attention of researchers across disciplines, existing literature has not provided a framework for evaluating how medical missions are filling gaps in local services, if at all. Nor does existing scholarship evaluate for potential or actual harms that may result from medical mission activities. I conducted participant observation among 11 medical missions and a Honduran health center in the Department of Colón on the northeastern coast of Honduras. This study considers the medical mission encounter through assessments of local health resources and consecutive medical mission clinics and interviews and participant observation with local healthcare workers, residents and mission volunteers. I demonstrate that contemporary medical missions are a revival of missionary medicine and the iatrogenic violence they engage in is directly related to the colonial roots of biomedical healing. I frame the mission encounter as a dialectic of self- and Other making and identify dominant discourses medical mission volunteers circulate to establish moral and intellectual authority and rationalize ongoing interventions, even when they are acknowledged to be ineffective. The mission organization and its volunteers engage in actions that are frequently misaligned with the needs, identified structural factors that complicate health and well-being, and the national priorities for improving access to healthcare identified by local healthcare providers and residents. As a result, the medical mission encounter leads to various forms of clinical, social, and cultural harm. By undermining or discursively erasing local healthcare resources contemporary medical missions contribute to the provoked crises in the Honduran public health system. I apply recent innovations in anthropological approaches to examine the missionary medicine encounter in Honduras as a dialectic and mutually constitutive process – putting the experiences and narratives of local communities at the same level of analysis as that of mission volunteers. This study contributes a much-needed framework for evaluating and analyzing the iatrogenic violence of medical mission encounters and may inform rubrics for monitoring and managing medical mission encounters in host countries.
Transportation insecurity causes adverse effects on people’s lives by limiting access to opportunities and resources even in San José. Understanding how people experience transportation insecurity in ...metropolitan areas may contribute to building a better transportation system. I conducted my research study by interviewing downtown San José residents and analyzing their stories on the effects of transportation insecurity and what they did to cope with the situation to move around San José. I analyzed the contents of the interviews through qualitative data analysis. Findings suggest that people experience transportation insecurity as time infringement through congested traffic, convoluted schedules, and service complications, which causes worry, anxiety, and missed opportunities. People's experiences and reactions allude to what could be improved in San José’s transportation infrastructure.
