This article develops the concept of cyborg activism as novel configuration of democratic subjectivity in the Information Age by exploring the online collectivity Anonymous as a prototype. By fusing ...elements of human/machine and organic/digital, the cyborg disrupts modern logics of binary thinking. Cyborg activism emerges as the reconfiguration of equality/hierarchy, reason/emotion and nihilism/idealism. Anonymous demonstrates how through the use of contingent and ephemeral digital personae hierarchies in cyborg activism prove more volatile than in face-to-face settings. Emotions appear as an essential part of a politics of passion, which enables pursuing laughter and joy, expressing anger and experiencing empowerment as part of a reasoned, strategic politics. Anonymous’ political content reconfigures nihilist sentiments, frustration and political disenchantment, on one hand, with idealist world views, on the other. This enables the cohabitation and partial integration of a great diversity of political claims rooted in various ideologies.
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Hoy en día, el cerebro humano no solo es objeto de estudio de las Ciencias Médicas, sino también de otras como la Economía y el Derecho. En el ámbito de la Ciencia Jurídica, se ha procurado proteger ...a la persona humana frente a las amenazas producidas por el rápido y creciente desarrollo de la tecnología, a través de la creación y delimitación de los denominados “neuroderechos”. En atención a lo anterior, el objeto de este trabajo fue analizar el concepto de neuroderechos, su importancia y su incipiente regulación. De igual modo, se enfatiza la importancia de que Chile sea un país pionero en regular esta materia, desde un punto de vista constitucional y legal.
This article discusses the molecularization of the body and the meanings pointed out via cyborg bodies in the context of animated characters. We analyze films of Ghost in the Shell (Mamoru Oshii, ...1995), Ghost in the Shell: SAC_2045- Sustainable War (Shinji Aramaki Michihito and Fujii Kenji Kamiyama, 2021), Gunnm (Hiroshi Fukutomi, 1993), and Alita: Battle Angel (Robert Rodriguez, 2019) in the context of related philosophical discussions. We carry out the discussion about the body on two axes. First, we examine forms of presenting the modular bodies and discuss their socio-cultural connections. In these narratives, the evolution of the body beyond organic boundaries transforms it into a space where the character reflects the subjectivity and a tool that offers a narcissistic experience of omnipotence regarding bodily strength and competence. However, it sometimes causes the characters to become alienated from their bodies and engage in existential inquiries. Thus, secondly, we examine the existential inquiries/crises of the characters arising from the modularization of their bodies and the philosophical connotations that these emphases indicate. If on this axis, posthumanist arguments that stand out with objections to Cartesian distinctions such as machine-human, mind-body, woman-man, and anthropocentric approaches constitute the focus of the discussions.
Motivated by the representation of robots in film and television, this work examines the role of emerging femininities and masculinities in revisiting the gender binary. The gendered cyborg has been ...a common trope in cultural texts and a favourite topic in feminist discourse, regarding how it exposes the artificiality of this binary. The case studies are the films Ex Machina and I’m Your Man, and the television series Westworld. The ‘post’-femininities and masculinities are explored through the depiction of gendered robots and their relationships with humans. By drawing on the intersection between feminist and queer theory and posthumanism, this article combines a close reading of gendered representations with an analysis of how they visualise post-gender worlds.
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Resumen: El texto se divide en dos partes. En la primera presento el desarrollo del cíborg como entidad cultural y tecnológica examinada desde el prisma de la teoría de la mente, donde se subraya la ...importancia de diversos elementos ficcionales y reales. En la segunda parte reflexiono acerca del futuro que la sociedad tecnológica y cíborg puede deparar al ser humano. En particular, mi objetivo es mostrar que los seres posthumanos constituyen una realidad ya establecida que exige una reflexión de índole moral y social que apunte al papel de los expertos en relación con las necesidades de los ciudadanos no-expertos. La conclusión final aboga por la constitución de normas y regulaciones que permitan encauzar los avances tecnológicos posthumanos en concordancia con éticas aplicadas a los humanos.
Abstract: The text is divided into two parts. In the first one, I present the development of the cyborg as a cultural and technological entity examined from the perspective of the theory of mind, in which the relevance of various fictional and real elements is underlined. In the second part, I reflect on the future that the cyborg-technological society can bring to human beings. In particular, I aim to show that post-human beings constitute an already established reality that requires a moral and social reflection that focuses on the role of experts in relation to the needs of non-expert citizens. The final conclusion pleads for the constitution of norms and regulations that allow to channel the post-human technological advances in accordance with some ethics applied to humans.
The past ten years have seen the rapid expansion of the field of biohybrid robotics. By combining engineered, synthetic components with living biological materials, new robotics solutions have been ...developed that harness the adaptability of living muscles, the sensitivity of living sensory cells, and even the computational abilities of living neurons. Biohybrid robotics has taken the popular and scientific media by storm with advances in the field, moving biohybrid robotics out of science fiction and into real science and engineering. So how did we get here, and where should the field of biohybrid robotics go next? In this perspective, we first provide the historical context of crucial subareas of biohybrid robotics by reviewing the past 10+ years of advances in microorganism-bots and sperm-bots, cyborgs, and tissue-based robots. We then present critical challenges facing the field and provide our perspectives on the vital future steps toward creating autonomous living machines.
In this study, we introduce a video-ethnographic study of a research process in which nursing students try on exoskeletons—wearable forms of technology that are meant to decrease lower back strain ...when lifting something. We adopt microanalysis of video-recorded interaction to analyze moments in which a nurse tests how her body feels with the exoskeleton. Moreover, we explore how the nurse simultaneously makes accountable—observable and reportable (Garfinkel, 1967, p. vii)—to others how her body feels “inside,” i.e. her experience of kinaesthesia, or the ability of the human body to perceive its own movements and states as a ”body-in-motion” (Sheets-Johnstone, 2002, p. 138). We reflect on how the fact that we video recorded the whole process of testing the exoskeleton with three cameras and complemented our video analysis with observations and post-questionnaires enabled us to capture some of the kinesthetic, interactive, and context-specific aspects of trying on the exoskeleton.
In this study, we introduce a video-ethnographic study of a research process in which nursing students try on exoskeletons—wearable forms of technology that are meant to decrease lower back strain ...when lifting something. We adopt microanalysis of video-recorded interaction to analyze moments in which a nurse tests how her body feels with the exoskeleton. Moreover, we explore how the nurse simultaneously makes accountable—observable and reportable (Garfinkel, 1967, p. vii)—to others how her body feels “inside,” i.e. her experience of kinaesthesia, or the ability of the human body to perceive its own movements and states as a ”body-in-motion” (Sheets-Johnstone, 2002, p. 138). We reflect on how the fact that we video recorded the whole process of testing the exoskeleton with three cameras and complemented our video analysis with observations and post-questionnaires enabled us to capture some of the kinesthetic, interactive, and context-specific aspects of trying on the exoskeleton.
Donna Haraway’s recent volume, Manifestly Haraway, offers the opportunity not only to compare two of her most influential writings side-by-side but also to revisit some of the enduring themes of her ...work over the past several decades. In this interview with Haraway, feminist science studies scholar Sarah Franklin explores some of the key terms in her work, looking back to some of her early work on embryology and primatology as well as exploring the more recent themes of her latest book, Staying with the Trouble.
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