As an extension of recent work on two-dimensional light-front ϕ4 theory, we implement Fock-sector dependence for the bare mass. Such dependence should have important consequences for the convergence ...of nonperturbative calculations with respect to the level of Fock-space truncation. The truncation forces the self-energy corrections to be sector dependent; in particular, the highest sector has no self-energy correction. Thus, the bare mass can be considered sector dependent as well. We find that, although higher Fock sectors have a larger probability, the mass of the lightest state and the value of the critical coupling are not significantly affected. This implies that coherent states or the light-front coupled-cluster method may be required to properly represent critical behavior.
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Kudos to Our Reviewers Ghione, Giovanni
IEEE transactions on electron devices,
2018-Dec., Volume:
65, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The ability of the IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (T-ED) to publish high quality papers has been and will continue to be critically dependent upon the competence, diligence, and generosity of ...reviewers who voluntarily contribute their time for this purpose. The T-ED Editorial Board and I are well aware of our dependence on quality reviews and wish to acknowledge and recognize the individuals inside and out of the Electron Devices Society (EDS) who have so selflessly contributed to this effort. Within EDS, contributing to the welfare of the society and to the promotion of its goals is widely regarded as a duty of each member. Acting as a reviewer is one way to accomplish this duty.
What is 'addiction'? What does it say about us, our social arrangements and our political preoccupations? Where is it going as an idea and what is at stake in its ongoing production? Drawing on ...ethnographic research, interviews and media and policy texts, this book traces the remaking of addiction in contemporary Western societies.
Signs of stabilisation and stable coexistence Broekman, Maarten J. E.; Muller‐Landau, Helene C.; Visser, Marco D. ...
Ecology letters,
November 2019, 2019-Nov, 2019-11-00, 20191101, Volume:
22, Issue:
11
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Many empirical studies motivated by an interest in stable coexistence have quantified negative density dependence, negative frequency dependence, or negative plant–soil feedback, but the links ...between these empirical results and ecological theory are not straightforward. Here, we relate these analyses to theoretical conditions for stabilisation and stable coexistence in classical competition models. By stabilisation, we mean an excess of intraspecific competition relative to interspecific competition that inherently slows or even prevents competitive exclusion. We show that most, though not all, tests demonstrating negative density dependence, negative frequency dependence, and negative plant–soil feedback constitute sufficient conditions for stabilisation of two‐species interactions if applied to data for per capita population growth rates of pairs of species, but none are necessary or sufficient conditions for stable coexistence of two species. Potential inferences are even more limited when communities involve more than two species, and when performance is measured at a single life stage or vital rate. We then discuss two approaches that enable stronger tests for stable coexistence‐invasibility experiments and model parameterisation. The model parameterisation approach can be applied to typical density‐dependence, frequency‐dependence, and plant–soil feedback data sets, and generally enables better links with mechanisms and greater insights, as demonstrated by recent studies.
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•Heroin-, marijuana-, nicotine-, and alcohol-dependent individuals were less likely to be obese than their non-dependent counterparts.•Heroin-dependent individuals were least likely to be obese.•Main ...findings in this report are consistent with our prior report based on substance abuse treatment clinical trials.
To investigate associations between substance dependence and obesity.
Obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) status and the status of dependence on heroin, stimulant, marijuana, nicotine and alcohol (past-month status for nicotine and past-year status for all others) were identified from the U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH, 2015–2017) datasets. SAS Surveylogistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for the association between each substance dependence and obesity, adjusting for potentially confounding effects of sociodemographic factors and health condition.
It was estimated that 10.6 % of noninstitutional U.S. residents aged 12 years or older were nicotine-dependent, 3.0 % alcohol-dependent, 1.0 % marijuana-dependent, 0.6 % stimulant-dependent, and 0.2 % heroin-dependent. Heroin-dependent individuals had 59 % lower odds of obesity relative to their non-dependent counterparts (AOR = 0.41; 95 % CI: 0.28−0.60; p < 0.0001). Lower odds of obesity were also noted for marijuana-dependent (AOR = 0.64; 95 % CI: 0.56−0.73; p < 0.0001), nicotine-dependent (AOR = 0.68; 95 % CI: 0.64−0.72; p < 0.0001) and alcohol-dependent (AOR = 0.77, 95 % CI: 0.69−0.84; p < 0.0001) individuals, but not statistically significant for stimulant-dependent individuals (AOR = 0.84; 95 % CI: 0.68−1.02; p = 0.0825).
Heroin, marijuana, nicotine and alcohol dependence were associated with lower odds of obesity than their non-dependence counterparts. Main findings based on 2015–2017 NSDUH are consistent with findings from our prior report based on clinical trials data from National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network, and other epidemiological evidence in the literature. These findings can alert substance abuse treatment professionals to monitor weight change, especially among weight-concerned substance abusers.
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The most promising initiative to challenge the Russian monopsony over the export of Central Asian gas has turned into a 'new' dependency on China. Central Asian exporters were hoping to decrease the ...extent of their vulnerability by using the corridor to China to bargain for better gas trading arrangements with Russia. However, Central Asia has fallen into the same trap of excessive dependence on another single customer with potentially far more severe consequences for the region's energy security, economy and reliability of energy relations. Farkhod Aminjonov shows that even massive Chinese investments used as leverage could not guarantee full compliance with the terms of agreements and may fail to prevent disputes in the future.
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This paper presents a frequency selective surface (FSS) with a wideband second-order bandpass response in the dual-band of microwave and millimeter wave. The overall structure consists of three ...layers of metal pattern and two layers of thin dielectric substrate. The top and bottom metal layers have capacitive patches with integrated curled Jerusalem cross slot resonators, while the intermediate metal layer has an inductive grid structure with cross-shaped slot resonators. The incorporated slot resonators play a pivotal role in achieving the desired transmission poles or zeros, which enable a wideband second-order filtering response in the dual-band and a quick roll-off at the passband edges, increasing the efficacy of electromagnetic shielding. To fully investigate the structure's frequency response, an equivalent circuit model of the structure is created, spanning the complete frequency range of 5-50 GHz. Physical samples are created and measured to confirm the suggested approach's efficacy. The passband center frequencies of the FSS are found at f
= 19.42 GHz and f
= 42.78 GHz, and the - 3 dB bandwidth is 4.34 GHz (17.25-21.59 GHz) and 8.54 GHz (38.51-47.05 GHz), respectively. The simulation results align well with the experimental data. The transmission response rapidly transitions from the passband to the stopband at the passband boundaries.
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With no established standard for assessing tobacco dependence (TD) across tobacco products in surveys, the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study provides a unique platform for ...examining the psychometric properties and validity of multiple indicators of tobacco dependence across a range of tobacco products.
A U.S. nationally representative sample from the 32,320 adult Wave 1 interviews with analyses focused on 14,287 respondents who were current established users of tobacco products.
This analysis confirms a single primary latent construct underlying responses to TD indicators for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, hookah, and smokeless tobacco products. Mutually exclusive past year tobacco-user groups included: cigarette only (n=8689), e-cigarette only (n=437), cigar only (traditional, cigarillo, or filtered) (n=706), hookah only (n=461), smokeless tobacco only (n=971), cigarette plus e-cigarette (n=709), and multiple tobacco product users (n=2314). Differential Item Functioning (DIF) analyses supported use of 16 of the 24 examined TD indicators for comparisons across tobacco users. With cigarette users as a reference (mean=0.0, SD=1.0), we observed a range of TD with hookah (mean=−1.71) and cigar (mean=−1.92) only users being the lowest, and cigarette plus e-cigarette product users being the highest (mean=0.35). Regression models including sociodemographic factors supported concurrent validity with increased product use frequency and TD among cigarette-only (p<0.001), e-cigarette only (p<0.002), cigar (p<0.001), hookah only (p<0.001), and smokeless tobacco users (p<0.001).
The PATH Study Adult Wave 1 Questionnaire provided psychometrically valid measures of TD that enables future regulatory investigations of nicotine dependence across tobacco products.
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The smartphone, through its small size, ease of use, proliferation of free or cheap apps, and constant connectivity, changes our life in a way that goes well beyond what we experienced with previous ...media. This study examined smartphone users' perception and evaluation of their dependent behavior during the 2014 communication blackout (March 20) that lasted 6 h in South Korea. Based on the interviews with 70 smartphone users between March 22 and March 30, 2014, this study identified two types of dependence – functional dependence which stresses instrumental usefulness of the smartphone and existential dependence which focuses on obsessed, often unconscious, attachment to the smartphone. Although the two types of dependence may overlap each other, those who perceive existential dependence were more reluctant in acknowledging negative aspects of smartphone use than those who perceive functional dependence. In addition, functionally dependent users were more willing to change their dependent behaviors than existentially dependent people. Smartphone users, regardless of their types of dependence, denied that they were addicted to the smartphone.
•There are functional and existential dependence of smartphone heavy use.•Functional dependence stresses instrumental usefulness of the smartphone.•Existential dependence focuses on obsessive, often unconscious, attachment.•Existential dependent users are more reluctant in acknowledging negative effects.•Functionally dependent users are more willing to change heavy reliance on the smartphone.
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