A first krypton vs. xenon experimental comparison of the Hayabusa2 and DESTINY+ μ10 Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) gridded ion sources, and their ECR neutralizer, is presented. When operating on ...krypton, the ion sources deliver similar current in the same propellant consumption range and provide equivalent thrust levels. Nevertheless, the system experiences about 30% of thruster efficiency loss as the neutralizer propellant demand for comparable current levels more than doubles.
•The Hayabusa2 and DESTINY+ μ10 ECR ion sources deliver similar current in the same propellant consumption range operated on krypton and xenon.•Inside the ion sources, krypton can generate the largest current as it shows a delayed drop in power absorption with increased mass flow rate with respect to xenon.•The krypton propellant demand of the electron-cyclotronresonance neutralizer used by the μ10 thruster more than doubles the xenon one for comparable current levels.
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T cell responses are initiated by antigen and promoted by a range of costimulatory signals. Understanding how T cells integrate alternative signal combinations and make decisions affecting immune ...response strength or tolerance poses a considerable theoretical challenge. Here, we report that T cell receptor (TCR) and costimulatory signals imprint an early, cell-intrinsic, division fate, whereby cells effectively count through generations before returning automatically to a quiescent state. This autonomous program can be extended by cytokines. Signals from the TCR, costimulatory receptors, and cytokines add together using a linear division calculus, allowing the strength of a T cell response to be predicted from the sum of the underlying signal components. These data resolve a long-standing costimulation paradox and provide a quantitative paradigm for therapeutically manipulating immune response strength.
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Europe, both as a common value and as a common good, reserves both a conceptualization and a reality, being still relevant, even more so in this European Union present furrowed by crisis and war, but ...animated by new “banner concepts” intended to give confidence and outline a horizon of trust in the future, such as, more recently, the term “resilience”. At the same time, such concepts (e.g. “resilience", "convergence", "sustainability") are linked to concrete practical concerns for the quality of present and future European life, channeling it towards the development target as precisely as possible, although such concepts are also intended to give a soft ideological coherence, in some instances with a propagandistic emphasis, of the contemporary European civic life.
Existing scholarly discussions of theatrical realism have been predominantly limited to 19th-century European and Russian theater, with little attention paid to wider explorations and alternative ...definitions of the practice. Examining theater forms and artists from China, Japan, and Korea, Realisms in East Asian Performance brings together a group of theater historians to reconsider realism through the performing arts of East Asia. The book’s contributors emphasize trans-regional conversations and activate inter-Asian dialogues on theatrical production. Tracing historical trajectories, starting from premodern periods through today, the book seeks to understand realisms’ multiple origins, forms, and cultural significances, and examines their continuities, disruptions, and divergences. In its diversity of topics, geographic locations, and time periods, Realisms in East Asian Performance aims to globalize and de-center the dominant narratives surrounding realism in theater, and revise assumptions about the spectacular and theatrical forms of Asian performance. Understanding realism as a powerful representational style, chapters collectively reevaluate acts of representation on stage not just for East Asia, but for theater and performance studies more broadly.
This article applies semantic lyrical evaluation to two songs by the South African singer and songwriter, Bulelwa Mkutukana, popularly known as Zahara. The choice of these two songs is driven by her ...significant contributions to popular music, particularly in the arena of Afro-soul and contemporary African music. Her distinctive voice, heartfelt lyrics, and synthesis of various musical stylistics earned her widespread acclaim both in South Africa and globally. On the one hand, the global village continues to downplay South African music, claiming that it is too customised and culturally imbued. This article argues that song lyrics, like poetry, embrace ambiguous and polysemic meanings that may not be effortlessly conceptualised by those outside the arena of language and music. This means that the sense-making process requires linguistic theoretical techniques to enact context-specific meanings. To address this need, this article applies semantics as a theoretical framework. The principal findings and discussions indicate how Zahara uses language to articulate some of the social challenges that may contribute to the urgency of social change, transformation, consciousness, and cohesion, such as empowerment and motivation. By the same token, this article underlines how language and music share fundamental elements, both relying on rhythm, pitch, and structure, yet serving distinct communicative purposes. Language conveys meaning through words, phrases, and sentences, while music expresses emotions and aesthetics through sound and melody. Thus, the intersection of linguistic and musical subtleties in song underscores a unique synergy where the emotional reverberation of music enhances the communicative power of language.
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New and exciting activities with a partner have been linked to a variety of benefits for intimate relationships; however, less is known about what hinders these activities. The goal of the present ...research was to examine the barriers that people face when planning shared new and exciting (i.e., self-expanding) relationship activities with their intimate partner and whether some people have traits (i.e., destiny and growth beliefs) that promote persistence in the face of these barriers. Across two studies, participants in intimate relationships reflected on barriers associated with participating in self-expanding activities that they planned with their partner in the past and identified the frequency of these barriers in the past six months (Study 1), and then rated the extent to which barriers interfered with their ability to carry out the activities (Study 1 and 2). In Study 2, participants completed measures of destiny and growth beliefs, and identified their level of enjoyment and desire to participate in similar self-expanding activities in the future. In both studies, we found that participants rated finances, limited resources, and obligations as barriers that interfered the most with activities. Our findings suggest that barriers were more likely to interfere with activities for people higher in destiny beliefs (vs. growth beliefs). Growth beliefs were significantly associated with greater enjoyment from self-expanding activities and a greater likelihood of participating in similar activities in the future (vs. destiny beliefs). Our findings have implications for understanding barriers that couples face when engaging in self-expanding activities in their intimate relationships.
Resumen: El tema central de esta investigación es Orfeo y los Misterios Griegos. El autor analiza el Orfeo doctrinal, después pasa a dramatizar imaginativamente el interior de un Misterio.
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The game, with its creative potential and rich semantics, has repeatedly animated writers’ imagination, motivating them to imagine new worlds or to present the experience of the existent world ...according to other rules. Beyond this, games have been perceived as a form of transposing traumatic experiences or an expression of heteronomy in man’s relation with destiny. The dice game appears in Paul Celan’s early poetry, but it is more present in late poems. The present paper analyses the semantics of the dice game in Celan’s poetry, trying to evidentiate its ontological and poetical values.
Abstract For a vast period of the human history, the whole universe has been perceived as creation. In a created cosmos people create following the example of divinity and “any creation has a model: ...the way in which gods created the Universe” (Eliade, Sacrul şi profanul 25). Lucian Blaga illustrated this fact in one of his poems in his unique manner: “Through all eras/ what a clod in torment!/ Under all spheres/ Everything begets” ( Through all eras , t. n.). Creation is the wonderful constant of existence through aeons. This paper will analyse how the creator’s condition is unfolded in two dramatic texts which belong to different literary periods of Romanian literature: Meşterul Manole by Lucian Blaga and Meşterul Manole by Valeriu Anania.
A qualitative examination of work meaning in the zookeeping profession pointed to the centrality of the notion of work as a personal calling. The view of calling expressed by zookeepers, however, was ...closer in basic structure to the classical conceptualization of the Protestant reformers than it was to more recent formulations. We used qualitative data from interviews with U.S. zookeepers to develop hypotheses about the implications of this neoclassical conceptualization of calling for the relationship between individuals and their work. We found that a neoclassical calling is both binding and ennobling. On one hand, zookeepers with a sense of calling strongly identified with and found broader meaning and significance in their work and occupation. On the other hand, they were more likely to see their work as a moral duty, to sacrifice pay, personal time, and comfort for their work, and to hold their zoo to a higher standard. Results of a survey of zookeepers from 157 different zoos in the U.S. and Canada supported the hypotheses from our emergent theory. These results reveal the ways in which deeply meaningful work can become a double-edged sword.
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