Vrtače so najbolj tipična površinska oblika krasa zmernih geografskih širin. Na podlagi obdelave digitalnega modela višin z orodji GIS smo proučili gostoto vrtač in njihove morfometrične lastnosti ...glede na naklon pobočij. Proučena so bila tri območja s primerljivimi reliefnimi, geološkimi, podnebnimi in hidrološkimi značilnostmi na Hrušici, Snežniku ter Slavniškem pogorju. Ugotovili smo, da se gostota in večina izbranih morfometričnih lastnosti spreminjajo sorazmerno z naklonom površja.
Na območju Triglavskega narodnega parka zasledimo poseben tip travnikov – grbinaste travnike. Zaradi človekove dejavnosti imajo grbinasti travniki ne le naravovarstveno, ampak tudi kulturno vrednost. ...Zato je od leta 2004 v Programu razvoja podeželja (PRP) vzpostavljen sistemski ukrep za ohranjanje grbinastih travnikov. Kmetje so za njihovo vzdrževanje upravičeni do izravnalnih plačil, a je ta podpora nizka, med manj poznanimi in zelo slabo uveljavljenimi. Uradni prostorski sloj grbinastih travnikov je, kljub terenski preveritvi in nadgradnji v letu 2021, necelovit in deloma pomanjkljiv. Namen članka je prikaz nove metode oziroma razvoja kvantitativnega postopka identifikacije grbinastih travnikov na območju Triglavskega narodnega parka. Omejitev postopka je, da ni neposredno uporaben za zaznavanje grbinastih travnikov brez naknadnega terenskega ali digitalnega pregleda. Z njegovo uporabo smo predstavili možnost učinkovite nadgradnje obstoječega uradnega prostorskega sloja grbinastih travnikov.
Članek prikazuje nov objektiven sistematičen pristop vrednotenja geodiverzitete na primeru območja med Kočevsko Reko in Kostelom. Metoda temelji na prostorski raznolikosti in gostoti elementov ...geodiverzitete ter obenem upošteva razgibanost površja. Metodo smo aplicirali na območju kontaktnega krasa, kjer smo evidentirali vroče točke geodiverzitete. Metodo smo na podlagi evalvacije ocenili kot primerno za vrednotenje geodiverzitete.
This guide provides an insight into a range of visualization techniques for high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). It is provided in the context of investigation and interpretation of ...various types of historical and modern, cultural and natural small-scale relief features and landscape structures. It also provides concise guidance for selecting the best techniques when looking at a specific type of landscape and/or looking for particular kinds of forms.The three main sections – descriptions of visualization techniques, guidance for selection of the techniques, and visualization tools – accompany examples of visualizations, exemplar archaeological and geomorphological case studies, a glossary of terms, and a list of references and recommendations for further reading. The structure facilitates people of different academic background and level of expertise to understand different visualizations, how to read them, how to manipulate the settings in a calculation, and choose the best suited for the purpose of the intended investigation.A smaller amount of books is also available in hardcover (ISBN 978-961-05-0011-7, 24 EUR).
Presojanje nevarnosti in ogroženosti zaradi delovanja drobirskih tokov ne temelji samo na domnevah o izvornih območjih in magnitudah možnih drobirskih tokov ter njihovih reoloških lastnostih, temveč ...tudi na napovedi njihovega dosega. Glede na zajem topografijepovršine pobočja, po katerem teče pobočni drobirski tok, ali zajem oblike hudourniške struge, po kateri se premika drobirski tok, predstavljamo rezultate dvodimenzijskega matematičnega modeliranja možnih drobirskih tokov na izbranih hudourniških vršajih v dolini Save Dolinke v odvisnosti od velikosti računske mreže (5 x 5 m in 15 x 15 m), generirane iz digitalnega modela višin 5 m (DMV 5). Z vidika numeričnega modeliranja drobirskih tokov smo pokazali, da je treba modelirati tudi zgradbe, ki jih DMV 5 ne obsega, sajimajo velik vpliv na tokovno polje v bližini. Pristop, pri katerem so se zgradbe v numerični računski mreži upoštevale z vpeljavo blokiranih (suhih) celic, se je pokazal kot boljša rešitev od večanja koeficienta hrapavosti v teh celicah, da bi upoštevali motnje v toku, ki jih povzročajo zgradbe. Preverili smo tudiuporabnost digitalnega modela reliefa DMV 12,5 in iz njega generirali numerično mrežo 12,5 x 12,5 m. Na primeru hudourniškega vršaja Trebiže smo ugotovili, da je DMV 12,5 lahko bolj geomorfološkoreprezentativen kot DMV 5. Naslednji korak pri modeliranju naravnih nevarnosti, kot so drobirski tokovi, bo uporaba bolj natančne računske mreže (recimo 1 x 1 m), generirane iz lidarskih posnetkovpovršja.
This book describes some basic morphometric characteristics of Slovenia’s surface relative to its landscape types using a geographic information system and digital elevation model. The book compares ...the more recent 25-meter digital elevation model and the older 100-meter digital elevation model. Statistical analysis of the two digital elevation models of Slovenia indicates that the smallest differences exist relative to surface heights, that there are larger differences relative to surface aspects, and that the largest differences exist relative to surface slopes.
In the introductory chapter, the author explains the term “digital elevation model”~outlines the features of the 100-meter digital elevation model of Slovenia~presents relief as a component part of ...the landscape, the geographic information system, and maps~derives a special coefficient for surface undulation based on changes in altitude and inclination~describes the method for determining relationships between relief and other components of the landscape~and outlines the basic characteristics of the surface of Slovenia.The central chapters are devoted to presenting the characteristics of altitude, inclination, and surface exposition determined by the author using the 100-meter digital elevation model. On the basis of an analysis of numerous relief elements, primarily altitude, inclination, and relief coefficients, the author defines the relief units of Slovenia and calculates the relationship between relief and several other landscape elements, in particular rocks, vegetation, population, and settlement patterns.
In the article, the application of stereopairs of panchromatic and multispectral SPOT satellite imagery in photogrammetric applications is presented. Theoretical basis of the generation of digital ...elevation models and orthoimages and a description of the practical processing of orthoimages are given. Examined are the possibilities of the application of the middle-resolution images from mountainousregions. The accuracy of the orthoimages has been determined by comparing with orthophotos DOF 5. The results are unexpectedly good and show the potential of SPOT imagery. The accuracy of the resultshas been, in addition to the input data, affected by the restrictions of the digital, automatic processing techniques in the software applied.
The interactive method of orientation between 2D photographs and a 3D height model presented with a point cloud is described. The orientation parameters of the 2D photograph (rotations and location ...of the camera) are derived using the interactive searching for the best fit of the projected 3D height model points on the image. This method requires good operator’s knowledge of the photograph and its details and above all a lot of time. The most suitable photographs for the interactive method of orientation are the panoramic ones, with removed distortions. On the photograph there should be many easily found targets or details (edges ...). The method was developed for the error search in the laser scanning point cloud (Rönnholm et al., 2003a, 2003b). In this paper a test of the usefulness of the interactive method of orientation on the example of Horizont nonmetric panoramic photographs of the Triglav glacieris presented. Because of the lack of good details seen on the photographs and in the 3D model, we derived only approximate values for the orientation parameters. Unfortunately this is not enough for conducting measurements of height difference out of the Horizontphotograph. If correct values of orientation were available, the height differences between the 3D model and photographs could be measured. This would be done with shifts of the 3D point images on two Horizont photographs, so that they would fit the photographsbetter. The 3D model presents the state of the Triglav glacier in the year 2005. The Horizont photographs present the state of the glacier in each month from 1976 on.
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