A generalized Lindley distribution Nadarajah, Saralees; Bakouch, Hassan S.; Tahmasbi, Rasool
Sankhyā. Series B (2008),
11/2011, Volume:
73, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
A new distribution is proposed for modeling lifetime data. It has better hazard rate properties than the gamma, lognormal and the Weibull distributions. A comprehensive account of the mathematical ...properties of the new distribution including estimation and simulation issues is presented. A real data example is discussed to illustrate its applicability.
The integration of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the existing power system has made the reliable operation of the system more complex. This has necessitated a comprehensive approach in ...planning the expansion of the system with the incorporation of DG units for effective and reliable operation of the system. In this study, a robust Hybrid Islanding Detection Technique (HIDT) has been proposed for identifying the islanding event early and accurately in the distribution networks with DGs installed by a two-step Genetic Algorithm (GA) process. As the reliability of power supply to the customer is of utmost importance, a priority-based load shedding scheme is proposed. The proposed load shedding scheme sheds only the vulnerable loads in the island for regaining the frequency and voltage stabilities. By the proposed methods, a comprehensive solution for system planning and emergency control actions can be obtained for effective operation of the system with DG units. The proposed methods are investigated on standard IEEE 33 and 69 bus distribution systems under different loading conditions. The results obtained show that the proposed methods are able to identify the islanding event more effectively and also regain the stability in the island with less amount of load shedding.
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Here is an important resource for understanding and approaching chronic illnesses and their prevention. This text balances theory and strategies to provide an integrative context for health-affecting ...behaviors regarding smoking, diet, and physical activity.
Gaussian phasor measurement unit (PMU) measurement error has been assumed for many power system applications, such as state estimation, oscillatory modes monitoring, voltage stability analysis, to ...cite a few. This letter proposes a simple yet effective approach to assess this assumption by using the stability property of a probability distribution and the concept of redundant measurement. Extensive results using field PMU data from WECC system reveal that the Gaussian assumption is questionable.
•Microsimulation can evaluate the potential impact of interventions.•By 2030, elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor could improve survival by 9.2 years.•Delayed access to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor ...will mitigate the impact.
Therapies that target the underlying defect in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) will likely impact the future characteristics of the CF population and healthcare utilization. The objectives of this study were to estimate the potential impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor on morbidity and mortality, and the impact of delayed access.
A microsimulation transition model was applied to Canadian CF Registry data to forecast lung disease severity, pulmonary exacerbations, deaths and transplants to 2030 under three scenarios: 1) no availability of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor, 2) availability in 2021 (‘early’) or 3) availability in 2025 (‘delayed’). Published Phase III data on treatment effects were used to estimate transition rates between disease severity states.
Under specific assumptions regarding disease state and treatment effect applied to the Canadian CF population it is projected that by 2030, early introduction of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor is expected to reduce the number of individuals with severe lung disease by 60% (95% CI 55.3; 63.9), increase the number of individuals with mild lung disease by 18% (95%CI 18.2; 19.0) and reduce the number of pulmonary exacerbations by 19% (95%CI 18.9; 19.5). Earlier introduction of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor could reduce deaths by 15% (95% 13.2; 18.4) and improve the median age of survival by 9.2 years (7.5; 10.8) over a 10-year period. The expected benefits of therapy are cumulative, therefore delayed access to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor will result in preventable health care utilization and deaths.
Delayed access to elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor will have a negative impact on lung health and survival in the CF population.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A novel method is proposed to locate the source of events in power distribution systems by using distribution-level phasor measurement units , a.k.a., micro-PMUs. An event in this paper is defined ...rather broadly to include any major change in any component across the distribution feeder. The goal is to enhance situational awareness in distribution grid by keeping track of the operation (or misoperation) of various grid equipment, assets, distribution energy resources, loads, etc. The proposed method is built upon the compensation theorem in circuit theory to generate an equivalent circuit to represent the event by using voltage and current synchrophasors that are captured by micro-PMUs. Importantly, this method makes critical use of not only magnitude but also synchronized phase angle measurements, thus, it justifies the need to use micro-PMUs, as opposed to ordinary RMS-based voltage and current sensors. The proposed method can work with data from as a few as only two micro-PMUs. The effectiveness of the developed method is demonstrated through computer simulations on the IEEE 123-bus test system, and also on micro-PMUs measurements from a real-life 12.47 kV test feeder in Riverside, CA. The results verify that the proposed method is accurate and robust in locating the source of different types of events on power distribution systems.
The United States spends greatly more per person on health care than any other country but the evidence shows that care is often poor and inappropriate. Despite expenditures of 1.7 trillion dollars ...in 2003, and growing substantially each year, services remain fragmented and poorly coordinated, and more than 46 million people are uninsured. Why can't America, with its vast array of resources, sophisticated technologies, superior medical research and educational institutions, and talented health care professionals, produce higher quality care and better outcomes?In The Truth about Health Care, David Mechanic explains how health care in America has evolved in ways that favor a myriad of economic, professional, and political interests over those of patients. While money has always had a place in medical care, "big money" and the quest for profits has become dominant, making meaningful reforms difficult to achieve. Mechanic acknowledges that railing against these influences, which are here to stay, can achieve only so much. Instead, he asks whether it is possible to convert what is best about health care in America into a well functioning system that better serves the entire population.Bringing decades of experience as an active health policy participant, researcher, teacher, and consultant to the public and private sectors, Mechanic examines the strengths and weaknesses of our system and how it has evolved. He pays special attention to areas often neglected in policy discussions, such as the loss of public trust in medicine, the tragic state of long-term care, and the relationship of mental health to health care.For anyone who has been frustrated by uncoordinated health networks, insurance denials, and other obstacles to obtaining appropriate care, this book will provide a refreshing and frank look at the system's current and future dilemmas. Mechanic's thoughtful roadmap describes how health plans, healthcare professionals, policymakers, and consumer groups can work together to improve access, quality, fairness, and health outcomes in America.About the Author:
The conventional distribution network is undergoing structural changes and becoming an active grid due to the advent of smart grid technologies encompassing distributed energy resources (DERs), ...aggregated demand response and electric vehicles (EVs). This establishes a need for state estimation-based tools and real-time monitoring of the distribution grid to correctly apply active controls. Although such new tools may be vulnerable to cyber-attacks, cyber-security of distribution grid has not received enough attention. As smart distribution grid intensively relies on communication infrastructures, the authors assume in this study that an attacker can compromise the communication and successfully conduct attacks against crucial functions of the distribution management system, making the distribution system prone to instability boundaries for collapses. They formulate the attack detection problem in the distribution grid as a statistical learning problem and demonstrate a comprehensive benchmark of statistical learning methods on various IEEE distribution test systems. The proposed learning algorithms are tested using various attack scenarios which include distinct features of modern distribution grid such as integration of DERs and EVs. Furthermore, the interaction between transmission and distribution systems and its effect on the attack detection problem are investigated. Simulation results show attack detection is more challenging in the distribution grid.
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50.
Power lines Needham, Andrew
2014., 20141026, 2014, 2015-01-01, Volume:
107
eBook
In 1940, Phoenix was a small, agricultural city of sixty-five thousand, and the Navajo Reservation was an open landscape of scattered sheepherders. Forty years later, Phoenix had blossomed into a ...metropolis of 1.5 million people and the territory of the Navajo Nation was home to two of the largest strip mines in the world. Five coal-burning power plants surrounded the reservation, generating electricity for export to Phoenix, Los Angeles, and other cities. Exploring the postwar developments of these two very different landscapes,Power Linestells the story of the far-reaching environmental and social inequalities of metropolitan growth, and the roots of the contemporary coal-fueled climate change crisis.
Andrew Needham explains how inexpensive electricity became a requirement for modern life in Phoenix-driving assembly lines and cooling the oppressive heat. Navajo officials initially hoped energy development would improve their lands too, but as ash piles marked their landscape, air pollution filled the skies, and almost half of Navajo households remained without electricity, many Navajos came to view power lines as a sign of their subordination in the Southwest. Drawing together urban, environmental, and American Indian history, Needham demonstrates how power lines created unequal connections between distant landscapes and how environmental changes associated with suburbanization reached far beyond the metropolitan frontier. Needham also offers a new account of postwar inequality, arguing that residents of the metropolitan periphery suffered similar patterns of marginalization as those faced in America's inner cities.
Telling how coal from Indian lands became the fuel of modernity in the Southwest,Power Linesexplores the dramatic effects that this energy system has had on the people and environment of the region.
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