Background. There is now compelling evidence that screening for colorectal cancer may result in significantly reduced mortality. Screening tests for colorectal cancer are not systematically performed ...in Bulgaria.
Aim. This article explores the effect of an educational intervention on the willingness of patients to participate in the screening for colorectal cancer with the immunochemical faecal occult blood test in the home setting.
Materials and methods. A before-after design study of the effects of educational intervention comprising distribution of a brochure and one-to-one discussion with a GP. A self-administered, original questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention to 600 randomly selected patients in 40 general practices (15 patients per practice) in Plovdiv district.
Results. The intervention led to an increase with >20% of the patient’s knowledge of the importance of the test and on how to carry out the test. Statistical analysis indicated that there was an increase in knowledge after the educational intervention about the usefulness of the test (24.8% in males, 18.3% in females) and its performance (22.7% in males, 25.4% in females).
Conclusion. The educational intervention has significantly influenced the patient’s awareness about the test’s usefulness and its self-administration. It improved the awareness by providing an easy access to information, thus fostering the active involvement of the patients. A strength of the intervention was the patient-centered approach in providing additional information through one-to-one discussions, and it ensured a higher quality of the preventive screening in the general practice.
Uvod. Sedaj obstajajo prepričljivi dokazi, da presejanje za raka debelega črevesa in danke lahko bistveno zniža stopnjo smrtnosti. Presejalni testi za raka debelega črevesa in danke se v Bolgariji ne izvajajo sistematično.
Cilj. Članek raziskuje učinek izobraževalnega ukrepa na pripravljenost pacientov za presejanje za raka debelega črevesa in danke z imunokemičnim testom na domu za določanje okultne krvi v blatu.
Metode. Študija “prej in potem” učinka izobraževalnega ukrepa, ki vključuje razdeljevanje brošure in osebni pogovor s splošnim zdravnikom. Prvotni vprašalnik je bil pred in po ukrepu razdeljen 600 naključno izbranim pacientom in 40 splošnim ambulantam (15 pacientov na ambulanto) v okraju Plovdiv.
Rezultati. Ukrep je prinesel več kot 20 % povečanje zavedanja pacientov o pomenu testa in o načinu njegove izvedbe. Statistična analiza je pokazala, da po izobraževalnem ukrepu obstaja porast znanja o uporabnosti testa (24,8 % pri moških, 18,3 pri ženskah) in njegovem delovanju (22,7 % pri moških, 25,4 % pri ženskah).
Zaključek. Izobraževalni ukrep je bistveno vplival na pacientovo zavedanje o uporabnosti testa in njegovi izvedbi. Povečal je zavedanje z zagotavljanjem enostavnega dostopa do informacij in s tem spodbudil aktivno udeležbo pacientov. Ukrep je bil uspešen zaradi pristopa, usmerjenega k pacientu, pri zagotavljanju dodatnih informacij prek osebnih pogovorov in je prinesel višjo kakovost preventivnega presejanja v splošnih ambulantah.
This article aims to present the change detection methodology as experienced in the use of optical remote sensing imagery (Landsat) and its pitfalls when multitemporal analyses are performed with ...pixel-based (raster algebra) techniques. The existing methodologyrecommends fundamental data preparation (geometric, radiometric, topographic corrections) and offers numerous change detection techniques. Regardless of the carefully performed preparationscertain noise remains, which can drastically weight the imagery comparisons. This noise behaves as a detected change and could have such a false effect on the identified change pattern (i.e. false, non-intrinsic changes) that the quantitative evaluation might fail.Since this noise originates from the pre-processing algorithms as well as the natural and technological conditions during data acquisition it can not be completely removed by data corrections. A multiresolution change detection approach is therefore proposed. Taking into account the neighbourhood and change information from joining different spatial scales, the multi-resolution approach effectively reduces the amount of false changes. In the discussion the remote sensing imagery for surface change detection is evaluated.
The problems of transition to the new national coordinate system are discussed. The stress is laid upon the transformation of various spatial databases of the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the ...Republic of Slovenia. The ways of transformation between the old and new national coordinate systems and problems with the inhomogeneous accuracy of the old system are presented. The main goal of the paper is the presentation of transformation models with metre and decimetre levels of accuracy – the so called simple and complex models. These are the proposed transformation models that originate from the empirical knowledge on the Slovene national coordinate system. Analyses of consequences of various transformations for spatial data (e. g. areal distortions) have been carried out. The proposal of implementation of transition to the new coordinate system for spatial databases is presented. The course of events isdetermined for each of the spatial database. They are distinguished between two models according to the way of maintenance and the required accuracy of transformation. Some specific demands on theparticular databases were also discussed. Finally, the transformation of orthophoto – the first database that has already been transformed into the new coordinate system – is presented.
V 76 vzorcih mnogocvetne ljuljke, trpežne ljuljke, mačjega repa in črne detelje, košenih v različnih fazah morfološkega razvoja, smo določili vsebnost surove vlaknine (SV) po metodi Naumann in ...Bassler (1976) ter vsebnosti v nevtralnem detergentu netopne vlaknine (NDV), v kislem detergentu netopne vlaknine (KDV) in v kislem detergentu netopnega lignina (KDL) po metodi Goering in Van Soest (1970). Vsebnosti SV, NDV, KDV in KDL v teh vzorcih smo določili tudi s pomočjo filtrskih vrečk in jih označili kot SVFV, NDVFV, KDVFV in KDLFV. Za razliko od trav, kjer so bile razlike med vsebnostmi NDV in NDVFV, KDV in KDVFV ter KDL in KDLFV majhne (v povprečju največ 20 g kg–1 SS med vsebnostma KDV in KDVFV pri trpežni ljuljki), smo pri črni detelji ugotovili velike razlike med vsebnostmi NDV in NDVFV (v povprečju 46 g kg–1 SS), KDV in KDVFV (v povprečju 66 g kg–1 SS) ter KDL in KDLFV (v povprečju 35 g kg–1 SS). Med vsebnostmi SV in SVFV tako pri travah kot pri detelji tako velikih razlik ni bilo (v povprečju je bila največja razlika 17 g kg–1 SS pri črni detelji). Če smo vzorce črne detelje pred določanjem vsebnosti NDVFV, KDVFV in KDLFV sprali z acetonom (acNDVFV, acKDVFV in acKDLFV), smo ugotovili, da se razlike v vsebnosti med njimi in vsebnostmi NDV, KDV in KDL močno zmanjšajo (v povprečju na 15, 17 oz. 5 g kg–1 SS). Stopnjo povezanosti med vsebnostmi SV, NDV, KDV in KDL ter vsebnostmi vlaknine v vzorcih, ki smo jih določili s pomočjo filtrskih vrečk, smo ugotavljali s koeficientom determinacije (R2) in standardno napako ocene (SEE). Najboljše ocene vsebnosti SV (R2 = 0,89, SEE = 1,73), NDV (R2 = 0,98, SEE = 1,73), KDV (R2 = 0,90, SEE = 1,73) in KDL (R2 = 0,69, SEE = 1,73) smo dosegli, ko smo v enačbe kot posamezne odvisne spremenljivke vključili SVFV, NDVFV, KDVFV in KDLFV trav ter SVFV, acNDVFV, acKDVFV in acKDLFV detelj. Rezultati so pokazali, da je metoda s filtrskimi vrečkami je primerna za določanje vsebnosti SV, NDV in KDV, ne pa tudi za določanje vsebnosti KDL.
The Slovenian permanent GPS stations network named SIGNAL is presented. The discussion about the users, user-access statistics and operation cost items is included. Positive and negative sides of ...various future financing and tariff systems are analysed. The articleconcludes with the discussion on the factual usability of such positioning system in the light of Galileo and GLONASS development.
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