•There is an error in the caption of Fig. 1 in the paper of Wilczyński et al. (2020).•The canid hemimandibles in this figure are not from Dolní Vĕstonice II and Pavlov ISE.•These jaws were found at ...the Gravettian Předmostí site (Czech Republic)•We address further issues with the methodology and conclusion of this paper.
Two canid morphotypes have been proposed for the middle Upper Palaeolithic site of Předmostí (Moravia, Czech Republic): Pleistocene wolf and Palaeolithic dog (Germonpré et al., 2012, 2015; Galeta et al., 2020). In Wilczyński et al. (2020), faunal assemblages from other Upper Palaeolithic Moravian sites were analyzed and those results used to project a similar, which we interpret as flawed, result for Předmostí: that only wild canids were present. We address issues with their methodology and argue that their conclusion, that dogs were not present at any of those studied sites, is based on cursory taphonomic analysis. Further, their projection of these results to Předmostí, an assemblage they did not study, is unsubstantiated, but does highlight the current dearth of taphonomic information that could aid the study of dog domestication. We also point out an important error in their Fig. 1, where the hemimandibles intended to show the natural variability in large canids from Dolní Vĕstonice II and Pavlov I SE, are in fact canid specimens from Předmostí. Since several of these canid specimens have been published by Germonpré et al. (2015), we find it imperative to address this error to ensure these data are correctly referenced in future works.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Domestication processes, amplified by breeding programs, have allowed the selection of more productive genotypes and more suitable crop lines capable of coping with the changing climate. ...Notwithstanding these advancements, the impact of plant breeding on the ecology of plant–microbiome interactions has not been adequately considered yet. This includes the possible exploitation of beneficial plant–microbe interactions to develop crops with improved performance and better adaptability to any environmental scenario. Here we discuss the exploitation of customized synthetic microbial communities in agricultural systems to develop more sustainable breeding strategies based on the implementation of multiple interactions between plants and their beneficial associated microorganisms.
Domestication process and breeding programs, focused exclusively on the selection and improvement of specific plant traits, have negatively affected the recruitment and functionality of beneficial associations in agricultural systems.Rhizosphere and root-associated microorganisms play important roles in plant growth and resilience.Breeding programs aiming to rationally manipulate root traits in order to recruit beneficial microorganisms or to deter pathogens need to be developed.The development and application of synthetic communities (‘SynComs’) represent a sustainable way to improve plant growth and resilience.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The earliest evidence of agriculture in the Horn of Africa dates to the Pre-Aksumite period (ca. 1600 BCE). Domesticated C
cereals are considered to have been introduced from the Near East, whereas ...the origin (local or not) and time of domestication of various African C
species such as sorghum, finger millet, or t'ef remain unknown. In this paper, we present the results of the analysis of microbotanical residues (starch and phytoliths) from grinding stones recovered from two archaeological sites in northeastern Tigrai (Ethiopia), namely Mezber and Ona Adi. Together, both sites cover a time period that encompasses the earliest evidence of agriculture in the region (ca. 1600 BCE) to the fall of the Kingdom of Aksum (ca. 700 CE). Our data indicate that these communities featured complex mixed economies which included the consumption of both domestic and wild plant products since the Initial Pre-Aksumite Phase (ca. 1600 to 900 BCE), including C
crops and legumes, but also C
cereals and geophytes. These new data expand the record of C
plant use in the Horn of Africa to over 1,000 y. It also represents the first evidence for the consumption of starchy products in the region. These results have parallels in the wider northeastern African region where complex food systems have been documented. Altogether, our data represent a significant challenge to our current knowledge of Pre-Aksumite and Aksumite economies, forcing us to rethink the way we define these cultural horizons.
Abstract
The process of plant domestication is often protracted, involving underexplored intermediate stages with important implications for the evolutionary trajectories of domestication traits. ...Previously, tomato domestication history has been thought to involve two major transitions: one from wild Solanum pimpinellifolium L. to a semidomesticated intermediate, S. lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (SLC) in South America, and a second transition from SLC to fully domesticated S. lycopersicum L. var. lycopersicum in Mesoamerica. In this study, we employ population genomic methods to reconstruct tomato domestication history, focusing on the evolutionary changes occurring in the intermediate stages. Our results suggest that the origin of SLC may predate domestication, and that many traits considered typical of cultivated tomatoes arose in South American SLC, but were lost or diminished once these partially domesticated forms spread northward. These traits were then likely reselected in a convergent fashion in the common cultivated tomato, prior to its expansion around the world. Based on these findings, we reveal complexities in the intermediate stage of tomato domestication and provide insight on trajectories of genes and phenotypes involved in tomato domestication syndrome. Our results also allow us to identify underexplored germplasm that harbors useful alleles for crop improvement.
Domesticación del frijol Lima (Phaseolus lunatus L.) en México
Uso social del fréjol torta: lúdica y juego en Sur América
Historia de la domesticación del fríjol Lima en las Américas Huellas de ...selección en la domesticación del Frijol LimaDiversidad genética del Frijol Lima en BrasilFlujo genético e introgresión silvestre-domesticado en el frijol Lima en México
The lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) domestication in México
Social use of the lima bean in Ecuador
History of the lima bean domestication in America
Traces of selection in the domestication of the Lima bean
Genetic diversity of lima bean in Brazil
Gene flow and wild-crop introgression in the Lima bean in México
Crop domestication has fundamentally altered the course of human history, causing a shift from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies and stimulating the rise of modern civilization. A greater ...understanding of crop domestication would provide a theoretical basis for how we could improve current crops and develop new crops to deal with environmental challenges in a sustainable manner. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the similarities and differences in the domestication processes of maize and rice, two major staple food crops that feed the world. We propose that maize and rice might have evolved distinct genetic solutions toward domestication. Maize and rice domestication appears to be associated with distinct regulatory and evolutionary mechanisms. Rice domestication tended to select de novo, loss-of-function, coding variation, while maize domestication more frequently favored standing, gain-of-function, regulatory variation. At the gene network level, distinct genetic paths were used to acquire convergent phenotypes in maize and rice domestication, during which different central genes were utilized, orthologous genes played different evolutionary roles, and unique genes or regulatory modules were acquired for establishing new traits. Finally, we discuss how the knowledge gained from past domestication processes, together with emerging technologies, could be exploited to improve modern crop breeding and domesticate new crops to meet increasing human demands.
Maize and rice might have evolved distinct genetic solutions toward domestication. Rice domestication tended to select de novo, loss of function, coding variation, while maize domestication more frequently favored standing, gain of function, regulatory variation. At gene network level, distinct genetic paths were used to acquire convergent phenotypes in maize and rice domestication, during which different central genes were utilized, orthologous genes played different evolutionary roles, and new genes or regulatory modules were acquired for establishing new traits.
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47.
The domestication of Amazonia before European conquest Clement, Charles R.; Denevan, William M.; Heckenberger, Michael J. ...
Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences,
08/2015, Volume:
282, Issue:
1812
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
During the twentieth century, Amazonia was widely regarded as relatively pristine nature, little impacted by human history. This view remains popular despite mounting evidence of substantial human ...influence over millennial scales across the region. Here, we review the evidence of an anthropogenic Amazonia in response to claims of sparse populations across broad portions of the region. Amazonia was a major centre of crop domestication, with at least 83 native species containing populations domesticated to some degree. Plant domestication occurs in domesticated landscapes, including highly modified Amazonian dark earths (ADEs) associated with large settled populations and that may cover greater than 0.1% of the region. Populations and food production expanded rapidly within land management systems in the mid-Holocene, and complex societies expanded in resource-rich areas creating domesticated landscapes with profound impacts on local and regional ecology. ADE food production projections support estimates of at least eight million people in 1492. By this time, highly diverse regional systems had developed across Amazonia where subsistence resources were created with plant and landscape domestication, including earthworks. This review argues that the Amazonian anthrome was no less socio-culturally diverse or populous than other tropical forested areas of the world prior to European conquest.
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The Evolution of Animal Domestication Larson, Greger; Fuller, Dorian Q
Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics,
11/2014, Volume:
45, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The domestication of plants and animals over the past 11,500 years has had a significant effect not just on the domesticated taxa but also on human evolution and on the biosphere as a whole. Decades ...of research into the geographical and chronological origins of domestic animals have led to a general understanding of the pattern and process of domestication, though a number of significant questions remain unresolved. Here, building upon recent theoretical advances regarding the different pathways animals followed to become domesticated, we present a large-scale synthesis that addresses the global pattern of animal domestication alongside a discussion of the differential evolutionary processes that have shaped domestic animal populations. More specifically, we present a framework for understanding how unconscious selection characterized the earliest steps of animal domestication and the role of introgression and the importance of relaxed and positive selection in shaping modern domestic phenotypes and genomes.
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BFBNIB, INZLJ, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
49.
Copy Number Variation in Domestication Lye, Zoe N.; Purugganan, Michael D.
Trends in plant science,
April 2019, 2019-04-00, 20190401, Volume:
24, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Domesticated plants have long served as excellent models for studying evolution. Many genes and mutations underlying important domestication traits have been identified, and most causal mutations ...appear to be SNPs. Copy number variation (CNV) is an important source of genetic variation that has been largely neglected in studies of domestication. Ongoing work demonstrates the importance of CNVs as a source of genetic variation during domestication, and during the diversification of domesticated taxa. Here, we review how CNVs contribute to evolutionary processes underlying domestication, and review examples of domestication traits caused by CNVs. We draw from examples in plant species, but also highlight cases in animal systems that could illuminate the roles of CNVs in the domestication process.
Whole-genome resequencing, pan-genomics, and developing computational methods have allowed characterization of CNVs in diverse species.
Loss-of-function CNVs can cause some of the critical domestication traits in plants, whereas other CNVs are associated with postdomestication diversification traits, such as environmental adaptation, disease resistance, fruit size, and cultural preferences.
An exhaustive table of characterized CNVs associated with domestication phenotypes in a plant and animal systems is included.
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Shifting the life cycle of grain crops from annual to perennial would usher in a new era of agriculture that is more environmentally friendly, resilient to climate change, and capable of soil carbon ...sequestration. Despite decades of work, transforming the annual grain crop wheat (Triticum aestivum) into a perennial has yet to be realized. Direct domestication of wild perennial grass relatives of wheat, such as Thinopyrum intermedium, is an alternative approach. Here we highlight protein coding sequences in the recently released T. intermedium genome sequence that may be orthologous to domestication genes identified in annual grain crops. Their presence suggests a roadmap for the accelerated domestication of this plant using new breeding technologies.
Current grain crops are annuals that must be sown every year, giving their root systems little time to develop during the growing season.A perennial grain crop with a long-lived extensive root system would improve soil quality, store carbon belowground, and utilize water and minerals more efficiently.Domestication genes of the annual grass wheat are highly conserved in the perennial intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium), providing an opportunity for accelerated domestication of a perennial grain using a mutagenesis approach.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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