Diet and feeding patterns during the infant, toddler, and preschool years affect nutrient adequacy or excess during critical developmental periods. Understanding food consumption, feeding practices, ...and nutrient adequacy or excess during these periods is essential to establishing appropriate recommendations aimed at instilling healthy eating behaviors in children.
The objective of the 2016 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS 2016) was to update our knowledge on the diets and feeding patterns of young children and to provide new data in related areas such as feeding behaviors, sleep, physical activity, and screen use. This article describes the study design, data collection methods, 24-h dietary recall (24-h recall) protocol, and sample characteristics of FITS 2016.
FITS 2016 is a cross-sectional study of caregivers of children aged <4 y living in the 50 states and Washington, DC. Data collection occurred between June 2015 and May 2016. A recruitment interview (respondent and child characteristics, feeding practices, physical activity, screen use, and sleep habits) was completed by telephone or online. This was followed by a feeding practices questionnaire and the 24-h recall conducted by telephone. A second 24-h recall was collected for a random subsample of 25% of the total sampled population.
Among the 4830 recruited households with an age-eligible child, 3248 (67%) completed the 24-h recall. The respondents were more likely to be white, less likely to be Hispanic, and more highly educated than the US population of adults in households with a child <4 y of age. The sample was subsequently calibrated and weighted, and the distribution of respondents was compared with known population distributions.
FITS 2016 provides data based on sound methods that can inform researchers, policymakers, and practitioners about the food and nutrient intakes of young children. New findings may also be compared with previous FITS studies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Studies have shown that the sugar content of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with an increased risk of dental caries and erosion. Interestingly, the market shares of SSBs differ ...significantly between Japan and China. This study aimed to investigate the disparities in eating habits, especially sensitivity to sweetness, between Japanese and Chinese students. A total of 100 healthy Japanese and Chinese participants aged 19-34 years without any taste disorders were surveyed. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their eating habits and undergo a sweetness sensitivity test. We found that Japanese students tended to consume a higher proportion of sweet snacks and sugar-free beverages in their daily choices, whereas a lower proportion of Chinese students consumed the same (p<0.01). Additionally, compared with Chinese students, Japanese students were generally less concerned about the use of artificial sweeteners (p<0.05). However, the longer Chinese students lived in Japan, the less likely they were to worry about artificial sweeteners. This study revealed differences in the sensitivity to sweetness between Japanese and Chinese students. These findings may help promote the development of public health initiatives, aimed at reducing the prevalence of tooth decay and related oral or general diseases. (J Osaka Dent Univ 2024; 58: 101-109)
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate eating habits in university students who belong to health science programs. Methods: The study was conducted to 1503 students from the health ...area of five institutions of the Juarez University of the State of Durango: FAMEN (32.5%), FAPYTCH (23.4%), FAEO (16.1%), FODO (14.2%), and FCCFYD (13.8%). Each student was given an instrument to assess their eating habits. Results: There are few statistical differences in the ITEMS of the instrument applied to evaluate eating habits in university students of health science programs, presenting a low consumption of fruits, vegetables, protein-rich foods, and low water consumption. In contrast, there is a high intake of processed and high-calorie food. Conclusions: It is concluded that there is no difference between the variables of the instrument applied in the participating population, noting that students evaluated in both men and women are on a mostly regular scale, and when questioning the population studied about how often they follow a diet, a high percentage responded that sometimes, and a minimum percentage always mentions being within a diet.
Meal frequency and timing in health and disease Mattson, Mark P.; Allison, David B.; Fontana, Luigi ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
11/2014, Volume:
111, Issue:
47
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Although major research efforts have focused on how specific components of foodstuffs affect health, relatively little is known about a more fundamental aspect of diet, the frequency and circadian ...timing of meals, and potential benefits of intermittent periods with no or very low energy intakes. The most common eating pattern in modern societies, three meals plus snacks every day, is abnormal from an evolutionary perspective. Emerging findings from studies of animal models and human subjects suggest that intermittent energy restriction periods of as little as 16 h can improve health indicators and counteract disease processes. The mechanisms involve a metabolic shift to fat metabolism and ketone production, and stimulation of adaptive cellular stress responses that prevent and repair molecular damage. As data on the optimal frequency and timing of meals crystalizes, it will be critical to develop strategies to incorporate those eating patterns into health care policy and practice, and the lifestyles of the population.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aims of the present study were to assess changes in lifestyles in the general population in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown and the influence of COVID-19 perceptions, as ...assessed by the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), on these changes.
Data were collected from 4005 individuals through an online survey conducted 3-4 weeks after the nationwide lockdown implementation in France. Participants were asked whether they practiced five behaviors (i.e., screen watching, snacking, eating fruits and vegetables, exercising, and walking) less often, as often as, or more often than prior to the lockdown. Beliefs and expectations toward the COVID-19 epidemic were also assessed using an adapted version of Witte's EPPM, together with sociodemographic and environmental variables. Among the respondents consuming regularly alcohol and tobacco, logistic regressions were performed to estimate the Odds ratios (ORs) of increase (yes/no) and decrease (yes/no) in drinking and smoking since the lockdown.
More than 8 in 10 respondents reported unhealthy changes in lifestyle since the lockdown, mostly in relation to physical activity. The unhealthy changes were positively associated with male sex (RR = 1.17; confidence interval 95% CI = 1.10-1.24), living urban density, having a garden (RR = 1.16 1.07-1.26), financial difficulties because of COVID-19 (RR = 1.09 1.02-1.18), and lack of fear control (RR = 1.04 1.01-1.09) and negatively with cognitive avoidance (RR = 0.92 0.89-0.95). Less than 4 in 10 respondents reported healthy changes over the same period, mostly in relation to better eating habits. They were positively associated with living with more than two persons (RR = 1.22 1.02-1.45), having a terrace (RR = 1.14 1.02-1.29, and perceived efficacy (RR = 1.11 1.04-1.08) and negatively with being aged 40 or higher. Alcohol consumption overall declined in regular drinkers, while a slight increase in tobacco use was observed in regular smokers.
The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown resulted in frequent and mostly unhealthy changes in lifestyle among the general population. These changes were related to individual and environmental characteristics but also to EPPM appraisals in the wake of fear appeal from COVID-19 campaigns. Communication and preventive measures should include messages and initiatives toward the maintenance of healthy lifestyles during pandemics such as the adaptation of physical activity and eating guidelines to the particular contexts of mobility restriction and infection control.
Introduction: The confinement due to COVID-19 significantly affected people's food consumption, especially university students who had to adapt to virtual education. Objective: To determine the ...perception and food consumption frequency due to the COVID-19 pandemic among Peruvian students from a private university in Trujillo City, Peru. Materials and method: The research design was non-experimental, descriptive, and cross- sectional. The non-probabilistic sample consisted of 169 students and the instrument used was a virtual survey (Cronbach's alpha = 0.846). Results: It is shown that there is a higher frequency of young people (n = 116) and adolescents (n = 45) who participated in the study, and that the average age was 22.15 ± 3.77 years. Likewise, the Frequency of Consumption dimension, it showed a higher frequency in the "Sometimes" scale, where it is related to whether it exceeded the number of meals per day (34.9%), eating out of control (38.5%), desires to eat unhealthy food (32.0%) and whether it influenced eating (30.8%). Similarly, it was shown that the majority of respondents consumed fruits (68.6%) and vegetables (58.0%) and considered water consumption essential (98.3%). On the other hand, there was a higher frequency regarding the consumption of ultra-processed foods (n = 95, 56.2%). Conclusion: The population of a private university made up mostly of young people and adolescents perceives that there was a change in their diet during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Background: Depression and blood pressure are the common disorders in the elderly and are effective in beginning and intensifying each other, so that mental disorders are the fourth main cause of ...death in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the structural model of the relationship between depression and blood pressure with the mediation of nutritional habits in the elderly. Methods: This research was a descriptive study based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The research population included all the elderly people who referred to the health center of Falavarjan City, Iran, in 2019-2020, and 360 of them were selected by convenience sampling. Research tools included nutritional habits questionnaire, elderly depression questionnaire, and the Integrated Health System (SIB). Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics tests in AMOS and SPSS software. Findings: According to the regression coefficient of -0.266 and the critical value of -3.57 and P = 0.051, the variable of nutritional habits can play the role of a mediating variable between the predictor variable of depression and the criterion variable of blood pressure and can explain it. In fact, the model had the ability to predict and fit. Conclusion: According to the results of this research based on the relationship between depression, blood pressure, and nutritional habits in the elderly, simultaneous attention to somatic and psychological problems is necessary. Therefore, planning to diagnose and treat depression and its factors on time can be effective in improving health in the elderly, especially improving their mental health.
This study determined the students’ level of eating habits, nutrition literacy, and mathematics performance and the relationship among them in a select school in Laguna, Philippines during the ...Academic Year 2021-2022. It also determined the difference in eating habits and nutrition literacy according to the profile. It used descriptive-correlational research design through a survey of 430 respondents selected using multi-stage random sampling. The adapted and validated instrument showed reliability analysis, internal consistency carried out using Cronbach’s Alpha, with eating habits (α=0.70) and nutrition literacy (α=0.83) reached high reliability. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent samples z-test, one-way ANOVA, and chi-square test for association were used. The study found that most respondents have 85 to 89 mathematics performance while the level of eating habits and nutrition literacy was high and the mathematics performance was satisfactory. There was a significant difference in eating habits (F=2.47, p=0.04) and nutrition literacy (F=5.56, p=0.00) as to age, while no difference was found as to sex (p>0.05). There was also a significant difference in nutrition literacy according to grade level, while no significance was found in eating habits according to grade level. Respondents’ eating habits were associated with nutrition literacy (x2=48.90, p=0.00), and mathematics performance (x2=18.28, p=0.03). It indicated that eating habits greatly affect the nutrition literacy and mathematics performance of the students. The study formulated recommendations for the teachers, school heads and administrators, parents and guardians, students, and future researchers.
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