This paper proposes a 3D fuzzy logic methodology to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge management systems (KMSs) adopted by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and identifies a ...classification bringing together the behaviour of SMEs when adopting KMSs. The proposed methodology was previously tested on an individual SME and then implemented on a sample of SMEs. The results highlight that there is an ample variety of behaviours related to the nature of knowledge and the KMSs used. Specifically, four typologies of behaviour are identified: the efficient and effective SME, the effective but inefficient SME, the efficient but ineffective SME, and the inefficient and ineffective SME. The results show that only 18% of surveyed SMEs are efficient and effective for both KM-Tools and KM-Practices, the remaining 82% are inefficient or ineffective for KM-Tools and/or KM-Practices. Lastly, the paper shows how this methodology may be used by an SME as a managerial tool to suggest appropriate changes to improve the efficient and effective adoption of KMSs supporting SMEs in the knowledge management processes.
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In this article, we model the effect of the non-performing loans on the cost structure of the commercial banking system. With this aim, we comment on an increase in the non-performing loans by ...studying the consequences of such a change on the cost function and compute the probability of failure of maintaining a performing loan as such. In doing so, we are convinced that geography does matter and evaluate the risk propensity of the bank towards the non-performing loans accordingly. We finally stress that traditional efficiency indicators of cost elasticity do not fit properly with such a problem and propose a measure based on the costs for managing and monitoring the loans which, according to the related density function, will reveal effectively as non performing.
The article presents a series of comparative statistics to illustrate the
situation of public employment in Spain in relation to other OECD countries. The purpose
is to provide information useful for ...the analysis of both fiscal policies in the context of the
crisis and its impact on employment, and of the reforms that can be carried out beyond
budgetary adjustment. First, a set of quantitative indicators are presented: size and relative
cost of public employment and its evolution over the last years. We continue by pointing
out some qualitative indicators, which relate to the degree to which the public sector
has incorporated, into its organizational structure, management practices and relations
to countries in our environment, institutional innovations that past experience associates
with effectiveness and efficiency. From the data we identify the need to design reforms
of the employment system that combine productivity gains, along with improvements in
organizational structures and management methodologies.
El artículo presenta una serie de estadísticas comparativas para ilustrar
sobre la situación del empleo público en España en relación a otros países de la OCDE.
El objetivo es brindar información útil para el análisis, tanto de las políticas fiscales aplicadas
en el contexto de la crisis y su impacto sobre el empleo, como de las reformas que
se puedan llevar a cabo más allá del ajuste presupuestario. Empezaremos por ofrecer
un conjunto de indicadores cuantitativos: tamaño y coste relativo del empleo público,
así como su evolución en los últimos años. A continuación, nos detendremos en señalar
algunos indicadores cualitativos, que se refieren al grado en el que el sector publico ha
ido incorporando en sus formas de organización y gestión y en relación a otros países
de nuestro entorno, innovaciones institucionales que la experiencia acumulada asocia a
una de eficacia y eficiencia. De los datos se deduce, la necesidad de abordar reformas
en profundidad del sistema de empleo que combinen incrementos de productividad, junto
a mejoras en las formas de organización y gestión.
In this paper we model the effect of the non performing loans on the cost structure of the commercial banking system. With this aim, we comment on an increase in the non performing loans by studying ...the consequences of such a change on the cost function and compute the probability of failure of maintaining a performing loan as such. In so doing we are convinced that geography does matter and evaluate the risk propensity of the bank towards the nonperforming loans accordingly. We finally stress that traditional efficiency indicators of cost elasticity do not fit properly with such a problem and propose a measure based on the costs for managing and monitoring the loans which, according to the related density function, will reveal effectively as non performing.
