Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Catalytic naphtha reforming is one of the primary processes of naphtha refining. This process is used for the production of the ...primary component of high-octane motor fuels and also for the production of feedstock for petrochemical industry. This thesis study the technology, process mathematical modeling, strategy for energy optimization, and the direction for future developments of catalytic reformer process. A thermodynamic model has been set up and a semi-empirical pseudo-kinetic model for catalytic reforming has been developed with intention to provide correct process modeling. In order to set up a proper thermodynamic model several models have been tested: Redlich-Kwong, Soave-Redlich-Kwong, Benedict-Webb-Rubin-Starling i Chao-Seader. Based on obtained results, it has been found that the Soave-Redlich-Kwong is the most appropriate model for modeling catalytic naphtha reforming process. In the developed kinetic model, the component “lumping” strategy is based on “PIONA” analysis. “Activation energy lumps” were introduced to take into consideration different values of activation energies within the specific reaction classes. The parameters of the model have been estimated by bench marking with industrial data. Simulation results have been found to be in very good agreement with plant data. Also, one of the significant advantages of the present kinetic model is that it predicts the concentration of hydrogen and light gases very well, comparing to the existing models. Since it was formulated from basic principles, this kinetic model with some modification can be applied to any catalytic reformer. In addition, in the thesis the new approach for simulation and optimization of a continuous catalytic regenerative reformer process was proposed. Typical continuous catalytic regenerative reformer process consists of three to four reactors with recycle. The reaction patterns and reactors are typically modeled using system of partial differential equations. Furthermore, due to the fact that the numerical solution of the entire model developed for this process, consisting of several reactors, is extremely time consuming, the new more efficient method was developed based on quasi-steady state assumptions. Moreover, with the aim of avoiding introduction of large errors in calculations caused by quasi-steady state assumptions the new criteria for reactors fragmentation were proposed. In order to determine optimal values of process parameters new optimization objective function was formulated, minimizing the fuel consumption. The employed objective function constitutes a combined measure for economic and environmental performance. It was shown that proposed method identifies considerable improvements for the process. In the thesis an application of Rankine cycle has been considered for power production using low grade heat.- Proces katalitičkog reforminga benzina je jedan od glavnih procesa u industrijskoj preradi nafte, koristi se za proizvodnju visoko-oktanskih motornih benzina, kao i za proizvodnju sirovina za procese u petrohemijskoj industriji. U doktorskoj disertaciji razmatrani su tehnologija, matematičko modelovanje procesa, strategija energetske optimizacije i pravci budućeg razvoja procesa katalitičkog reforminga benzina. Za modelovanje procesa katalitičkog reforminga benzina uspostavljen je termodinamički model i razvijen je semi-empirijski pseudo-kinetički model. U cilju primene odgovarajućeg termodinamičkog modela ravnoteže para-tečnost testirano je nekoliko modela: Redlich-Kwong, Soave-Redlich-Kwong, Benedict-Webb-Rubin-Starling i Chao-Seader. Na bazi dobijenih rezultata utvrđeno je da je Soave-Redlich-Kwong-ov model najadekvatniji za modelovanje procesa katalitičkog reforminga benzina. U razvijenom kinetičkom modelu strategija grupisanja komponenti bazirana je na „PIONA” analizi. Grupisanje energija aktivacija je uvedeno, kako bi se različite vrednosti energija aktivacije u okviru specifične reakcione klase uzeli u razmatranje. Parametri modela određeni su usaglašavanjem vrednosti dobijenih pomoću uspostavljenog modela sa podacima dobijenim iz industrijskog eksperimenta. Postignuto je veoma dobro slaganje vrednosti parametara procesa dobijenih upotrebom modela i parametara procesa sa postrojenja. Prednost pomenutog modela da veoma dobro predviđa koncentracije vodonika i lakih gasova u odnosu na postojeće modele, predstavlja značajan rezultat. S obzirom na to da je model formulisan na osnovnim principima procesa katalitičkog reforminga benzina, razvijeni kinetički model, uz određene modifikacije, može se primeniti na bilo koji katalitički reformer. U radu je predložen i novi pristup za simulaciju i optimizaciju kontinualnoregenerativnog katalitičkog reformera. Tipični kontinualno-regenerativni proces sastoji se od tri ili četiri reaktora sa reciklom. Reakciona šema i reaktori su matematički opisani preko sistema parcijalnih diferencijalnih jednačina. S obzirom na to da je analiza modela izvedenog za ovaj proces od nekoliko reaktora vremenski veoma zahtevna, razvijena je efikasna simulaciona šema bazirana na kvazi-stacionarnim pretpostavkama. Takođe, u cilju smanjivanja mogućnosti greške uzrokovane kvazi-stacionarnim pretpostavkama, predloženi su novi kriterijumi za fragmentaciju reaktora. Za određivanje parametara procesa uvedena je optimizaciona funkcija, koja je uključila minimizaciju potrošnje energenata. Upotrebljena funkcija cilja predstavlja kombinaciju ekonomskih zahteva i zahteva zaštite životne sredine. Pokazano je da predložena optimizaciona strategija značajnije unapređuje modelovanje procesa. U doktorskoj tezi je razmatrana i mogućnost primene Rankine-ovog ciklusa za poizvodnju električne energije iz izvora niskog toplotnog kvaliteta.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
