A large body of research indicates that weak expressions of positive psychotic symptoms (“psychotic experiences”) can be measured in the general population, and likely represent the behavioural ...manifestation of distributed multifactorial (genetic and non‐genetic) risk for psychosis. Psychotic experiences are a transdiagnostic phenomenon: the majority of individuals with these experiences have a diagnosis of non‐psychotic disorder, particularly common mental disorder, in which psychotic experiences predict greater illness severity and poorer treatment response. Some of the people with common mental disorder and psychotic experiences will present to mental health services meeting criteria for “clinical high risk”. Treatment of the transdiagnostic dimension of psychosis in individuals with common mental disorder who meet “clinical high risk” criteria thus may improve outcome (which cannot be interpreted as prevention of “schizophrenia”). Subthreshold psychotic experiences are transitory in about 80% of individuals, while around 20% go on to develop persistent psychotic experiences and 7% a psychotic disorder, with an annual transition rate of 0.5‐1%. Persistence is associated, on the one hand, with environmental exposures, particularly childhood trauma, and, on the other, with network‐type dynamic interactions between psychotic experiences themselves (e.g., interactions between hallucinatory experiences and delusional ideation) and between symptom dimensions (e.g., interactions between affective symptoms and psychotic experiences, or interactions between subthreshold negative symptoms and psychotic experiences). The study of psychotic experiences is helping to elucidate the mechanisms by which environmental and genetic influences shape the transdiagnostic expression of psychosis proneness, that is mostly transitory but may first become persistent over time and eventually give rise to transition to a psychotic disorder.
Improving regional energy efficiency is the key to solving global energy problems. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), as the world's largest free trade zone, energy cooperation is an ...integral part of the agreement. This paper uses the three-stage SBM-DEA model to analyze the energy efficiency and influencing factors of 13 RCEP countries from 2000 to 2015. The results show that, first, the overall energy efficiency of RCEP is poor at 0.384, with China and Japan having relatively high energy efficiency and Brunei and Cambodia having the worst energy efficiency. The average energy efficiency of developed countries is greater than that of developing countries. Second, optimizing the industrial structure and energy consumption structure can improve energy efficiency. Merchandise trade and government efficiency also have a positive impact on energy efficiency. The development of the tourism industry has unexpectedly reduced energy efficiency. Third, external environmental factors affect energy efficiency differently in each country. Except for China, Japan, and Korea, external environmental factors can lead to overestimating energy efficiency in other countries in RCEP. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to improve the RCEP's energy efficiency. The research results are helpful to understand the changing trend and influencing factors of RCEP's energy efficiency and can provide a reference for international energy cooperation, which is of great practical significance.
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•Energy efficiencies of 13 RCEP countries are quantified from 2000 to 2015.•The energy efficiency obtained by the three-stage SBM-DEA model is more accurate.•External influence factors of energy efficiency are studied.•External environment and random errors can lead to overestimation of energy efficiency.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Statistical analysis of Alternaria spore concentrations exceeding 100 spores m-1 and corresponding meteorological parameters were performed by means of multiple regression in order to establish the ...combination of parameters which may impact changes in spore concentration. Analysis of annual mean Alternaria counts exceeding 100 spores m-1 (ALT-avg) were performed presuming: 1) Normal distribution, allowing use of classical correlation analyses followed by multiple regression analysis with identification of linear regression ; and 2) According to the Poisson law, using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient for analysis with nonlinear regression.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Abstract
With the increasing demand for electric energy, more and more cities are constructing cable tunnels. In order to prevent the cable in the tunnel from being damaged, regular inspection of the ...cable tunnel is very important. However, due to the large scale of cable tunnel construction, the traditional manual inspection is difficult to meet the maintenance requirements. With the development of intelligent technology, the intelligent patrol mode of UAV has gradually replaced the traditional manual patrol mode and become the main patrol mode of cable tunnel. Therefore, the positioning and navigation method of cable tunnel UAV is studied in this paper. By using UWB localization algorithm and depth camera fusion, the positioning and navigation methods of UAVs are determined and compared with the positioning algorithm based on optical flow. Experimental comparison results show that the maximum and minimum yaw angles of UAV positioning based on the proposed algorithm are 2.41° and 0.16°, while the maximum and minimum yaw angles of UAV positioning based on the comparison algorithm are 3.11° and 1.51°. It can be seen that the integration of UWB and depth camera is of great significance for the research of positioning and navigation methods of cable tunnel UAVs.
Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of physical distancing risk collateral damage such as increased loneliness. Older adults have been identified as being at higher risk of poor outcomes if ...infected and in many countries have been subjected to greater restrictions on physical contacts with others. Most research so far points towards an increase in loneliness during the pandemic. However, there has been a lack of prospective studies based on representative samples of older adults, with the oldest old, older adults with low or no Internet usage, and those in poor health currently underrepresented. Despite the significance of cultural norms for individuals' standards for social relations and, thus, the experience of loneliness, there has been a lack of comparative research on loneliness in older adults during the pandemic. Reviews have found little evidence for what interventions and what elements of interventions are effective in reducing loneliness. There is potential for social relations to be maintained via technology-based solutions, although there is a risk of excluding older adults with limited resources who are both least likely to use technology and most vulnerable to loneliness. Furthermore, remote social contacts cannot fully compensate for the loss of physical contacts. Where stay-at-home orders are not imposed, supporting neighbourliness and the community use of accessible open spaces are other options. Finally, policy responses to the pandemic need to be more nuanced and non-ageist in order to avoid unnecessary increases in loneliness in older adults.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Falls in older adults are the result of a complex interaction between intrinsic, extrinsic, and behavioral factors. Although it is difficult to separate these factors, some studies indicate that ...environmental risk factors are present in approximately 40% of falls, but there is still a gap in these real factors.
To verify the association between environmental risk factors for falls in older adult Brazilians.
Prospective cohort study, being one of the arms of a larger study “Prevalence of falls in the older adults: Intrinsic, extrinsic and behavioral factors”. The study aimed to follow up with 400 patients, both sexes, aged over 60 years and from different regions of Brazil, who had access to the online questionnaire through a link and agreed to participate in the research. The questionnaire had items related to environmental factors in older adults falls. The environmental assessment was carried out using the Home Fast Brazil self-application instrument. An analysis was performed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, which showed that the data were non-parametric, and thus the data were presented descriptively by the median and interquartile range and the environmental data with nominal variables. significance level p<0.05 was adopted.
405 individuals were evaluated, 39.5% (n=160) (p<0.446) characterized as fallers, so the sample of fallers consisted of 39% (n=113) female (p< 0.882), an aged median of 67 (63-73) years. It was observed that falls have a higher incidence with tripping 100% (n=67) (p<0.01), slipping 100% (n=43) (p<0.01), loss of balance 100%(n=37) (p< 0.01), acute pain 100% (n=2) (p<0.01), leg weakness 100% (n=2) (p<0.01), dizziness 100% (n=4) (p<0.01), knees buckled 100% (n=5) (p<0.01). Of the individuals who reported falls, the reasons were 45.83% (n=88) due to the bathroom being slippery when wet (p <0.03), even if they had adaptations in their home such as a toilet of adequate size 38.15% (n=145) (p<0.04) and grab bar in the bathroom in 47.91% (n=46) (p<0.04).
We found that the incidence of falls was due to the bathroom being slippery due to the wet floor and that most have adaptations in their homes due to the fear of falling. This makes us reflect that even with adaptations, it gives a false sense of security.
With the knowledge of environmental risk factors such as wet bathrooms, it is necessary to supervise the hygiene of these older adults.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The current society is confronting with the crisis of fossil energy resources scarcity and environment deterioration caused by the accelerating development of economy in China. Since the improvement ...of energy efficiency has been deemed as the most effective way to decrease energy consumption and pollutant emissions, energy efficiency evaluation has been attached great importance in policy formulating. This investigation employed three-stage data envelopment analysis model to evaluate China's provincial energy efficiency during 2008–2016 excluding the impacts of exterior environmental factors. The empirical results illustrate that the provincial energy efficiencies in China are significantly affected by economic and energy consumption structure, urbanization process, and technical innovation level. Generally, the exterior environmental values and statistical noises result in the underestimation of China's provincial energy efficiencies. The exclusion of exterior environmental factors has provincial-specific impacts. Additionally, energy efficiency can be disintegrated into scale efficiency and pure energy efficiency, which is mainly dominated by scale efficiency. Based on empirical results, provincial specific strategies can be provided to enhance energy efficiency, such as taking the influences of exterior environmental factors into consideration when formulating policies, optimizing the exterior environment to improve provincial energy efficiency, and pertinently improving scale efficiency or pure energy efficiency according to their categorizations.
•Energy efficiencies (EE) of 30 provinces in China are quantified from 2008 to 2016.•Comprehensive and real energy efficiencies are obtained by a three-stage DEA model.•Economic and energy structure, urbanization rate, and R&D investment affect EE.•External environment and statistical noises underestimate energy efficiencies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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