Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology is a novel and promising therapeutic strategy using small molecules to induce ubiquitin-dependent degradation of proteins. It has received ...extensive attention from both academia and industry as it can potentially access previously inaccessible targets. However, the design and optimization of PROTACs present big challenges for researchers, and the general strategy for its development and optimization is a lot of trial and error based on experience. This review highlights the important advances in this rapidly growing field and critical limitations of the traditional trial-and-error approach to developing PROTACs by analyzing numerous representative examples of PROTACs development. We summarize and analyze the general principles and strategies for PROTACs design and optimization from the perspective of chemical structure design, and propose potential future pathways to facilitate the development of PROTACs.
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) technology is a novel and promising therapeutic strategy using small molecules to induce ubiquitin-dependent degradation of proteins.
Analysis in an imperfect world Wallace, Michael
Significance (Oxford, England),
February 2020, 2020-02-01, 20200201, Volume:
17, Issue:
1
Journal Article
When we observe the world, we sometimes make mistakes. Michael Wallace, on behalf of the measurement error topic group of the STRATOS Initiative, explains the potentially severe consequences of this ...often overlooked issue, and how statistics can help bring us back – or at least a little closer – to the truth
When we observe the world, we sometimes make mistakes. Michael Wallace, on behalf of the measurement error topic group of the STRATOS Initiative, explains the potentially severe consequences of this often overlooked issue, and how statistics can help bring us back – or at least a little closer – to the truth.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have emerged as outstanding semiconducting materials thanks to their superior stability and structural diversity. However, the ever-growing field of ...optoelectronic device research using 2D perovskites requires systematic understanding of the effects of the spacer on the structure, properties, and device performance. So far, many studies are based on trial-and-error tests of random spacers with limited ability to predict the resulting structure of these synthetic experiments, hindering the discovery of novel 2D materials to be incorporated into high-performance devices. In this review, we provide guidelines on successfully choosing spacers and incorporating them into crystalline materials and optoelectronic devices. We first provide a summary of various synthetic methods to act as a tutorial for groups interested in pursuing synthesis of novel 2D perovskites. Second, we provide our insights on what kind of spacer cations can stabilize 2D perovskites followed by an extensive review of the spacer cations, which have been shown to stabilize 2D perovskites with an emphasis on the effects of the spacer on the structure and optical properties. Next, we provide a similar explanation for the methods used to fabricate films and their desired properties. Like the synthesis section, we will then focus on various spacers that have been used in devices and how they influence the film structure and device performance. With a comprehensive understanding of these effects, a rational selection of novel spacers can be made, accelerating this already exciting field.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Abstract
Aiming at the problem of low accuracy of ultrashort baseline positioning system in practical applications, this paper introduces hydroacoustic channel response error and transducer ...distortion error, and analyses the influence of each factor on positioning accuracy in the positioning process according to the time delay estimation method. Finally, the major and minor factors are distinguished according to the influence mechanism and the degree of influence of the error factors. The results show that the ship attitude error and hydroacoustic channel error are the main factors affecting the positioning accuracy.
Three-Qubit Randomized Benchmarking McKay, David C; Sheldon, Sarah; Smolin, John A ...
Physical review letters,
2019-May-24, Volume:
122, Issue:
20
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
As quantum circuits increase in size, it is critical to establish scalable multiqubit fidelity metrics. Here we investigate, for the first time, three-qubit randomized benchmarking (RB) on a quantum ...device consisting of three fixed-frequency transmon qubits with pairwise microwave-activated interactions (cross-resonance). We measure a three-qubit error per Clifford of 0.106 for all-to-all gate connectivity and 0.207 for linear gate connectivity. Furthermore, by introducing mixed dimensionality simultaneous RB-simultaneous one- and two-qubit RB-we show that the three-qubit errors can be predicted from the one- and two-qubit errors. However, by introducing certain coherent errors to the gates, we can increase the three-qubit error to 0.302, an increase that is not predicted by a proportionate increase in the one- and two-qubit errors from simultaneous RB. This demonstrates the importance of multiqubit metrics, such as three-qubit RB, on evaluating overall device performance.
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Practical quantum computing will require error rates well below those achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction
offers a path to algorithmically relevant error rates by encoding ...logical qubits within many physical qubits, for which increasing the number of physical qubits enhances protection against physical errors. However, introducing more qubits also increases the number of error sources, so the density of errors must be sufficiently low for logical performance to improve with increasing code size. Here we report the measurement of logical qubit performance scaling across several code sizes, and demonstrate that our system of superconducting qubits has sufficient performance to overcome the additional errors from increasing qubit number. We find that our distance-5 surface code logical qubit modestly outperforms an ensemble of distance-3 logical qubits on average, in terms of both logical error probability over 25 cycles and logical error per cycle ((2.914 ± 0.016)% compared to (3.028 ± 0.023)%). To investigate damaging, low-probability error sources, we run a distance-25 repetition code and observe a 1.7 × 10
logical error per cycle floor set by a single high-energy event (1.6 × 10
excluding this event). We accurately model our experiment, extracting error budgets that highlight the biggest challenges for future systems. These results mark an experimental demonstration in which quantum error correction begins to improve performance with increasing qubit number, illuminating the path to reaching the logical error rates required for computation.
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IMTLJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ
Interpretation of impedance spectroscopy data requires both a description of the chemistry and physics that govern the system and an assessment of the error structure of the measurement. The approach ...presented here includes use of graphical methods to guide model development, use of a measurement model analysis to assess the presence of stochastic and bias errors, and a systematic development of interpretation models in terms of the proposed reaction mechanism and physical description. Application to corrosion, batteries, and biological systems is discussed, and emerging trends in interpretation and implementation of impedance spectroscopy are presented.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
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The calibration accuracy of the camera largely affects the accuracy of 3D measurement, so this paper researches on the calibration error of the binocular stereo camera, introduces the ...imaging model of the camera, conducts the experiment of calibration according to the principle of Zhang Zhengyou's calibration, and responds to the calibration accuracy by the reprojection error, the experimental results show that the calibration meets the requirements and the average error can reach 0.05pixels.
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