Objective
To examine the effectiveness of current community‐based participatory research (CBPR) clinical trials involving racial and ethnic minorities.
Data Source
All published peer‐reviewed CBPR ...intervention articles in PubMed and CINAHL databases from January 2003 to May 2010.
Study Design
We performed a systematic literature review.
Data Collection/Extraction Methods
Data were extracted on each study's characteristics, community involvement in research, subject recruitment and retention, and intervention effects.
Principle Findings
We found 19 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Of these, 14 were published from 2007 to 2010. Articles described some measures of community participation in research with great variability. Although CBPR trials examined a wide range of behavioral and clinical outcomes, such trials had very high success rates in recruiting and retaining minority participants and achieving significant intervention effects.
Conclusions
Significant publication gaps remain between CBPR and other interventional research methods. CBPR may be effective in increasing participation of racial and ethnic minority subjects in research and may be a powerful tool in testing the generalizability of effective interventions among these populations. CBPR holds promise as an approach that may contribute greatly to the study of health care delivery to disadvantaged populations.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Forehand and Kotchick (1996) issued a wake-up call to the field to develop culturally responsive interventions. Since that time, 11 meta-analyses on culturally adapted interventions have ...been conducted. To reconcile the differences of the previous meta- analyses, a new meta-analysis was conducted that included 13,998 participants, 95% of whom were non–European American, in 78 studies evaluating culturally adapted interventions with psychopathology outcomes. Using a random effects multilevel regression model, the overall effect size ( g = 0.67, p < .001) favored the effectiveness of culturally adapted interventions over other conditions (no intervention, other interventions). There was a medium effect size favoring the effectiveness of culturally adapted interventions over unadapted versions of the same intervention ( g = .52). The overall effect size was moderated by whether the study involved treatment ( g = .76) vs. prevention ( g = .25, p = .03) and whether the study involved specific measures of mood or anxiety symptoms ( g = .76) vs. general measures of psychopathology ( g = .48, p = .02). Culturally adapted interventions had 4.68 times greater odds than other conditions to produce remission from psychopathology ( p < .001) in 16 studies that reported remission. There were greater effects in no intervention control designs (marginal odds ratio = 9.80) than in manualized intervention (marginal odds ratio = 3.47, p = .03) or another active, nonmanualized intervention (marginal odds ratio = 3.38, p = .04) comparison designs in remission studies. Research has yet to adequately investigate whether culturally adapted or unadapted interventions impact culture-specific psychopathology. These findings indicate a continuing need for rigor in the conceptualization and measurement of culture- specific psychopathology and in developing culturally responsive interventions.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The opioid crisis continues to evolve with increasing opioid-related overdose deaths among under-represented minorities. A better understanding of substance use differences in the route of ...administration for people using heroin and other opioids can lead to targeted strategies and interventions.
Using the 2015–2019 Treatment Episode Data Set - Admissions (TEDS-A), a multinomial logistic regression model examined the relationship between race/ethnicity and secondary substance use with route of administration in a subset of 591,078 admissions.
For individuals reporting heroin as their primary substance, minoritized clients were both more likely to smoke (NH Blacks RR: 2.28, 95 % CI 2.16–2.41; Hispanic RR: 1.80, 95 % CI: 1.74, 1.87; Other RR: 2.09, 95 % CI: 2.00, 2.20) or inhale heroin (Hispanic RR: 1.82, 95 % CI 1.78–1.85; Other RR: 1.30, 95 % CI 1.25, 1.34) compared to non-Hispanic (NH) Whites. NH Black clients were nearly seven and a half times more likely to report inhaling (RR: 7.45, 95 % CI 7.28, 7.62) heroin over injecting it. Clients were more likely to smoke heroin compared to injection if they reported secondary drug use of methamphetamines (RR: 2.28, 95 % CI 2.21, 2.35) and other opioids (RR: 1.21, 95 % CI 1.15, 1.28).
For clients reporting other opioids as their primary substance, Hispanic (RR: 1.33, 95 % CI 1.19, 1.47) and other racial/ethnic minority clients (RR: 2.50, 95 % CI 2.23, 2.79) were more likely to smoke opioids vs take it orally compared to their NH White counterparts. Individuals who reported methamphetamine use as a secondary substance were significantly more than three times as likely to smoke (RR: 3.07, 95 % CI 2.74, 3.45) or inject (RR: 3.36, 95 % CI 3.17, 3.57) compared to orally ingesting opioids, while those who reported cocaine or crack cocaine use were more than twice as likely to inject (RR: 2.22, 95 % CI 2.09–2.36) opioids than taking them orally.
Findings demonstrate significant racial and ethnic differences in the route of administration. This work expands on the understanding of the complex nature of polysubstance use in the evolving opioid crisis and the secondary substance use of clients on routes of administration of opioids and heroin, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to address the treatment needs of under-represented minorities.
•Route of administration varies by the type of opioid when comparing heroin to other opioids.•Racial and ethnic differences exist in route of administration of heroin and other opioids among those entering treatment.•Route of administration varies with secondary substance use of methamphetamine and cocaine.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ
Rates of teenage pregnancies are higher for African American and Latina adolescents compared to their White peers. African American and Latina adolescent mothers also experience more adversities than ...their White peers, such as higher rates of depression, school dropout, and economic disadvantage. Furthermore, children of adolescent mothers are at higher risk for adverse development. Parenting stress and social support can impact outcomes experienced by adolescent parents and their children. The present study examined the influence of adolescent mothers’ parenting stress and perceived social support on maternal depression at baseline (6 months after birth), and its impact on infant development 1 year later (18 months after birth). Participants were 180 adolescent mothers of African American or Latino/Hispanic descent. Results suggest that higher levels of parenting stress and less perceived social support were associated with higher levels of depression in the adolescent mothers at baseline. Higher levels of maternal depression were also associated with more developmental delays in infants 1 year post-baseline. Additionally, depression mediated the relationship between parenting stress and later child outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of examining parenting factors such as parenting stress, social support, and maternal depression in ethnic minority adolescent parents, and provide valuable information regarding unique risk and protective factors associated with positive maternal outcomes for ethnic minority adolescent parents and healthy development for their children.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract
In this article, we formulate a new bicultural model of social work with ethnic minorities. The suggested model connects acculturation orientations, professional interventions and burnout ...amongst social workers working with ethnic minority clients. We tested this model in a sample of Arab Israeli social workers (n = 299). The study results confirmed that ethnic minority social workers working with ethnic minority clients used interventions that may be classified as either rooted in the minority or the majority culture. Arab Israeli social workers used slightly more often interventions rooted in the minority than the majority culture; however, the two types of intervention were complementary rather than contradictory. Acculturation orientations of Arab Israeli social workers were connected to their choice of professional interventions. Specifically, a higher preference for separation was associated with more frequent use of professional interventions rooted in the minority culture. In contrast, a higher preference for integration was associated with more frequent use of interventions rooted in both minority and majority cultures. More frequent use of interventions rooted in the majority culture was associated with a lower level of burnout and a higher level of personal accomplishment, whilst more frequent use of interventions rooted in the minority culture was associated with a higher level of burnout. Based on the obtained results, an integrative approach to education and training of social workers and social work practice with ethnic minorities is advocated.
Full text
Available for:
NUK, OILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Telehealth is an important source of health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence is scarce regarding disparities in telehealth utilization in the United States. We aimed to investigate the ...prevalence and factors associated with telehealth utilization among US adults. Our data came from the Health, Ethnicity, and Pandemic Study, a nationally representative survey conducted in October 2020, with 2554 adults ≥ 18 and an oversample of racial/ethnic minorities. Telehealth utilization was measured as self-reported teleconsultation with providers via email, text message, phone, video, and remote patient monitoring during the pandemic. Logistic regressions were performed to examine the association between telehealth use and factors at the individual, household, and community levels. Overall, 43% of the sample reported having used telehealth, representing 114.5 million adults in the nation. East and Southeast Asians used telehealth less than non-Hispanic Whites (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.8). Being uninsured (compared with private insurance: OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.8), and those with limited broadband coverage in the community (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.8) were less likely to use telehealth. There is a need to develop and implement more equitable policies and interventions at both the individual and community levels to improve access to telehealth services and reduce related disparities.
Harvard psychiatrist Chester Pierce’s conception of “subtle and stunning” daily racial offenses, or microaggressions, remains salient even 50 years after it was introduced. Microaggressions were ...defined further by Sue and colleagues in 2007, and this construct has found growing utility as the deleterious effects of microaggressions on the health of people of color continues to mount. Many studies seek to frame microaggressions in terms of a taxonomic analysis of offender behavior to inform the assessment of and interventions for the reduction of racial microaggressions. This article proposes an expansion and refinement of Sue et al.’s taxonomy to better inform such efforts. We conducted a review of published articles that focused on qualitative and quantitative findings of microaggressions taxonomies (N = 32). Sixteen categories of racial microaggressions were identified, largely consistent with the original taxonomy of Sue et al. but expanded in several notable ways. Building on our prior research, other researchers supported such new categories as tokenism, connecting via stereotypes, exoticization and eroticization, and avoidance and distancing. The least studied categories included the denial of individual racism from Sue et al., and newer categories included reverse-racism hostility, connecting via stereotypes, and environmental attacks. A unified language of microaggressions may improve understanding and measurement of this important construct.
Full text
Available for:
NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study examines a specific type of language use in contemporary Hungarian literature in Slovakia. The literary works of several Hungarian authors in Slovakia include a language based on the ...contact phenomena and regional dialectics of the Hungarian and Slovak languages. This phenomenon is interpreted using the methodological tools of pluricentrism, which serves as a theoretical framework for the linguistic interpretation, and transculturalism, which is a point of departure for literary analysis. The interpretation of language contact phenomena, the levels of hybridisation and dialect focuses on the works of Gábor Kálmán, Lajos Grendel, Mila Haugová, Anikó N. Tóth, Anikó Polgár, Norbert György, Zoltán Hizsnyai, Árpád Tőzsér, Pál Száz.
Researchers who study Wilamowice regard the costume and language as the main determinants of the cultural distinctiveness of the Vilamovians. The representatives of this ethnic group themselves also ...presented them as the most important. This was probably the case before 1945, when the folk dress and language began to disappear due to the post-war persecutions. Today, they still remain important markers of Vilamovianness, but are rarely used in everyday life.The article presents the determinants of Vilamovian distinctiveness that are important for contemporary Vilamovians, especially for young people involved in linguistic revitalisation. These are, among others, Vilamovian Polish, multilingualism, Vilamovian Christmas songs, Vilamovian-style scrambled eggs, Vilamovian Christmas Eve noodles and drinking from one glass. Although they are also found in other regions, including nearby villages, they are an equally important attribute of Vilamovianness for many Vilamovians. More important than their “objective” uniqueness is the fact that during the research carried out by the author, particularly young people from Wilamowice considered them appropriate for expressing their identity and the cultural distinctiveness related to it. Perhaps in the future some of them will become more important for Vilamovians than the costume or language. Ethnic boundaries are not the result of members of an ethnic community having a separate culture, but of their actions in order to distinguish themselves from others.
PDF
