Binomials, as a sub-type of collocation, are made of two connected words (e.g., heaven and earth). Similar to other lexical collocations, binomials can be idiomatic, ambiguous, or culture-specific. ...More importantly, binomials are found more commonly in religious texts such as the Holy Qurʾān. However, binomials used in the Holy Qurʾān are in general under-researched. Hence, using the parallel corpus (i.e., the Quranic Arabic Corpus) of the Holy Qurʾān, which includes the original Arabic text (i.e., sūrahs 'chapters') and seven translations by Sahih International and those by Pickthall, Yusuf Ali, Shakir, Muhammad Sarwar, Hilali-Khan, and Arberry, this study focuses on explicating shifts employed by seven translators in their translations of 120 Qurʾānic binomials. Therefore, the study is descriptive in the form of a textual analysis. The results indicate that less than half of the translations were explicated compared to less than a quarter being normalized (i.e., with maintained collocability). Explicating shifts were mainly undertaken by Hilali-Khan, Yusuf Ali, and Sarwar. However, Sahih and Arberry used only a few explicating shifts. Additionally, explicating shifts basically involve those of explicative paraphrasing, complete and partial rank shifts, clitic or affix explicitation, and repetition. As noted by in this study, translating scriptures literally may result in optional explicating shifts that are mainly redundant. Hence, redundant explicitation shifts should be avoided as they may sometimes hinder processability.
Notre recherche sur la construction de l’identité professionnelle des professeur.e.s des écoles débutant.e.s, dont le cadre théorique est l’approche psychophénoménologique (Vermersch, 2012) met en ...évidence comment ces enseignant.e.s font preuve de flexibilité en s’ajustant à ce qui survient en classe, qu’il s’agisse d’un évènement extérieur ou de réactions d’élèves. Le recueil des verbalisations de l’action, en première personne, à l’aide de l’entretien d’explicitation (Vermersch, 1994), dévoile des moments d’improvisation en situation de classe et d’ajustement, liés aux prises d'informations sur les élèves et aux prises de décision effectuées dans l’instant. Nous abordons l’enjeu pour la formation des futurs enseignant.e.s que représente la prise de conscience de ces ajustements en classe et des postures qui les accompagnent.
Our research on the construction of the professional identity of beginner school teachers, whose theoretical framework is the psychophenomenological approach (Vermersch, 2012) highlights how these teachers are flexible in adjusting to what happens in the classroom, whether it’s an outdoor event or student reactions. The collection of the verbalizations of the action, in the first person, with the help of the explicitation interview (Vermersch, 1994), reveals moments of improvisation in class and adjustment situations, Related to student information and current decision-making. We address the challenge for the training of future teachers that represents the awareness of these adjustments in class and the postures that accompany them.
Research in phenomenology has benefitted from using exceptional cases from pathology and expertise. But exactly
how
are we to generate and apply knowledge from such cases to the phenomenological ...domain? As researchers of cerebral palsy and musical absorption, we together answer the
how
question by pointing to the resource of the qualitative interview. Using the qualitative interview is a direct response to Varela’s call for better pragmatics in the methodology of phenomenology and cognitive science and Gallagher’s suggestion for phenomenology to develop its methodology and outsource its tasks. We agree with their proposals, but want to develop them further by discussing and proposing a general framework that can integrate research paradigms of the well-established disciplines of phenomenological philosophy and qualitative science. We give this the working title, a “
phenomenological interview
”. First we describe the
what
of the interview, that is the nature of the interview in which one encounters another subject and generates knowledge of a given experience together with this other subject. In the second part, we qualify
why
it is worthwhile making the time-consuming effort to engage in a phenomenological interview. In the third and fourth parts, we in general terms discuss
how
to conduct the interview and the subsequent phenomenological analysis, by discussing the pragmatics of Vermersch’s and Petitmengin’s “Explicitation Interview”.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In this study, we describe a recommendation system for electronic books. The approach is based on implicit feedback derived from user’s interaction with electronic content. User’s behavior is tracked ...through several indicators that are subsequently used to feed the recommendation engine. This component then provides an explicit rating for the material interacted with. The role of this engine could be modeled as a regression task where content is rated according to the mentioned indicators. In this context, we benchmark twelve popular machine learning algorithms to perform this final function and evaluate the quality of the output provided by the system.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In this paper, I consider implicit meaning in a perspective focusing on explicitation practices, which is also suitable for highlighting its communicative functions, both cognitive and persuasive. I ...present an outline of my approach, which pays specific attention to how we detect implicit meaning and make it explicit, and to the functions it serves with respect to the overall significance of a text. I illustrate a way of distinguishing between presupposition and implicature that takes into account their modes of explicitation and their functional features. I then examine some varieties of implicit meaning (with the aid of examples from the press or the web): existential presupposition, supplements, Gricean conventional implicature, and conversational implicature according to Relation. These discussions yield some refinements of the initial distinction between presupposition and implicature, which I hope will serve to make it more suitable to the task of matching each variety of implicit meaning with the most appropriate mode of explicitation. Finally, I briefly discuss the potential and the limitations of explicitation practices, suggesting that their exercise can usefully foster the mastery of implicit meaning in everyday contexts too.
•Explicitation of implicit meaning maximizes understanding and enables criticism.•For each variety of implicit meaning, explicitation is governed by rules or reasons.•Presupposed contents and implicata serve different functions.•Supplements are functionally closer to presupposition than to implicature.•Conventional implicata amount to conditions of non-central speech acts.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
While compounding is highly productive in English, typically joining two words in a tight-knit semantic and syntactic unit, it is a minor derivational process in Romanian, which favours affixation ...instead. In light of this typological difference between the two languages, the present paper investigates the translation of English -ing adjectival compounds into Romanian in order to shed light on the strategies translators employ to compensate for the general absence of compounding in the latter language. It is shown that different translation strategies produce a number of regular patterns which lean towards explicitation, though implicitation is not excluded (Blum-Kulka 1986, Klaudy 2003, 2009, Klaudy & Károly 2005 etc.).
In this paper we analyse translation of compounds from English to German relating our observations to the phenomenon of implicitation, explicitation and structural equivalence using translation ...process data from the CRITT translation process research database (TPR-DB). We look into complex nominal phrases, e.g. nominal compounds in English-German translations. We determine a number of product and process features that have an impact on cognitive effort during compound translation. Our results show that in most cases translators opt for the structural equivalent, and that choosing a direct equivalent requires less cognitive effort than choosing an implicitation. This is explained by the fact that direct equivalents can be easily activated whereas changing the structure and using a more implicit, less typical translation requires more effort, which in turn leads to longer production pauses.
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•In compound translation, translators opt for the structural equivalent.•Direct equivalents reduce cognitive effort for the translator.•The translation task influences compound translation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This article describes some of the socio-political (ideological) factors affecting the use of explicitation. It explores how explicitations are utilized by a media organisation whose translations ...continue to construct a negative public image of a particular community. Drawing on critical discourse analysis and descriptive and functional models to translation studies, a corpus consisting of 26,000 words from Arabic-English translated news articles published by MEMRI was analyzed. The results reveal a strong tendency in explicitations to maintain the ideological perspective of the original at the micro-textual level, while promoting a religious and cultural Other at the macro-level. Instead of compromising its credibility by using misleading or inaccurate explicitations, MEMRI uses apparently accurate and faithful explicitations in translations strategically selected to accentuate an intended negative image. This casts light on the paradoxical function of explicitation in media translation: while it is assumed to reduce ambiguities and improve cultural understanding at the textual level, it May promote misunderstanding and cultural prejudice at a larger discourse level.
Nous étudions les liens que les élèves construisent entre normes langagières et appropriation langagière lorsqu’ils produisent des discours soumis à évaluation en classe de français. Cette réflexion ...sera menée à partir d’un corpus d’entretiens avec neuf élèves scolarisés dans la même classe de troisième d’un collège urbain classé REP+. Le protocole d’entretien sociodidactique s’appuie sur la biographie langagière des élèves, et sur l’explicitation qu’ils font de tâches langagières scolaires dont le chercheur a aussi été témoin (exposé oral, production écrite). Les résultats montent que si la majorité des élèves ont des pratiques plurilingues hors de l’école, ils dissocient langue pour apprendre (le français uniquement) et langage quotidien (marqué par la variation). Cependant, ils s’appuient sur une conscience variationniste « bricolée » du discours, en vue de répondre aux attentes de l’école. L’écrit (vs oral) leur apparait comme le premier lieu d’une appropriation qu’ils peuvent analyser, mais l’oral leur parait insécurisant. Leur pratique discursive est au cœur du processus de secondarisation – , plus que l’ostenciation de savoirs scolaires et disciplinaires.
Pascale Voirol est logopédiste depuis 2012. Elle a étudié la psychologie à l’Université de Genève puis la logopédie à l’Université de Neuchâtel. Nous avons choisi de lui poser quelques questions sur ...les difficultés qu’entrainent les troubles du langage pour la construction du sens et le travail effectué par les logopédistes pour remédier à ces obstacles. Elle donne aussi des conseils pratiques aux enseignants de langues étrangères confrontés à des enfants ayant des troubles du langage.
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