Computation-based approaches are increasingly important in architecture, namely Algorithmic Design (AD), which is based on the use of algorithms to generate designs. Besides enhancing design ...exploration, AD helps architects deal with recurrent design changes and with the pressure to quickly obtain results. Moreover, AD supports the search for better-performing solutions that satisfy environmental demands. Unfortunately, the complexity and specialized knowledge required by AD are still restraining architects due to the amount of effort and time needed to implement the necessary algorithms. To make AD and design optimization techniques more accessible, we propose a theoretical framework to help architects with the algorithmic generation, evaluation, and manufacturing of a large variety of designs, by following a continuous design workflow that merges the typically detached design stages. In order to be useful, the framework needs to focus on a domain of application, and, in this paper, we target the development of buildings’ façades due to their aesthetical and environmental relevance. We evaluate the framework in the context of a real case study resulting from a collaboration between a team of architects specialized in AD and a traditional design studio
Many reasons such as the Industrial Revolution and the need for rapid building production after the Second World War have led to an acceleration of developments in the construction sector and new ...construction systems have emerged. These construction systems have brought forth the need for new facade designs. Prefabricated facade panels designed with the aim of quickly closing a building whose structure is completed so that it is least affected by external environmental conditions and ensuring that the facades created can exhibit good performance are also among these innovations. In this study, thermal and sound insulation, and fire resistance performance characteristics of prefabricated facade panels with wood, concrete, metal, or terracotta-based structure material, made with three different design concepts as massive, sandwich, and frame, were examined. The study is considered important because it examines the characteristics of facade elements aimed at improving the quality of the indoor environment.
Endüstri Devrimi, malzeme- yapım olanaklarının artması ve II. Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından gelen hızlı yapı üretimi ihtiyacı gibi pek çok neden; yapı sektöründe meydana gelen gelişmelerin hızlanmasına neden olmuş ve beraberinde teknolojinin gelişmesi ile yeni yapım sistemleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yapım sistemleri ise yeni cephe tasarımı ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. Zamanla cepheler yapının dış kabuğu olarak ana taşıyıcı sistemden ayrılmış ve farklı performans gereksinimlerini karşılamaya yönelik olarak gelişmiştir. Strüktürü tamamlanmış bir yapının, dış çevre koşullarından en az etkilenmesi için hızla kapatılması ve oluşturulan cephelerin iyi bir performans sergileyebilmesi amacı ile tasarlanan hazır cephe panelleri de bu yenilikler arasındadır. Yapılan bu çalışma ile; masif, sandviç ve çerçeve olmak üzere üç farklı tasarım kurgusu ile üretilmiş; ahşap, beton, metal veya pişmiş toprak esaslı taşıyıcı malzemeye sahip hazır cephe panellerinin; ısı yalıtımı, ses yalıtımı ve yangın dayanımı performans özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma cephe elemanlarının iç ortam kalitesini iyileştirmeye yönelik özelliklerini incelediği için önemli görülmektedir.
This article is focused on the durability of white cement-based concrete treated with a nanoparticle coating developed for the production of facade panels. The mixtures under study were modified by ...the addition of metakaolin, which was applied as a cement replacement up to 22.5%. Metakaolin was used to increase primary resistance of the concrete to impacts from the environment. Final properties were investigated by means of compressive strength, chloride migration test, initial surface absorption test, and frost resistance. The efficiency of the surface treatment was evaluated in terms of transport properties and changes after the temperature cycling. The performed experimental program confirmed a positive influence of metakaolin addition in terms of all studied parameters; however, 15% replacement can be assumed as an optimum. The nanoparticle treatment contributed significantly to the mitigation of transport properties of the concrete mixtures. Nevertheless, cyclic temperature loading slightly reduced its tightness; local water and also chloride ions ingress was recorded. The experiments confirmed the strong potential for additional surface treatment based on the nanotechnology, but also accented the necessity of including tasks of long-term durability and primary resistance of concrete to the entire design of the structural elements.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Use of high performance concrete with reinforcement made of technical textile is increasing and new applications are being found. This paper presents new technology for the lightening of the panels ...made of textile reinforced concrete, which is being developed. The main focus of this research is to produce concrete elements suitable for use as facade panels with the least possible weight and environmental impact. Mechanical characteristics were measured on testing specimens with thickness of 18 mm with lightening representing 47% of their volume. Minimum thickness of concrete was 4 mm and therefore the reinforcement was covered by approximately 1.5 mm of concrete matrix. The strength of experimental test panels was measured in four-point bending stress test. Due to one-sided lightening and asymmetrical cross-section therefore, the tests were performed in both directions. For better interpretation of the results were the specimens of lightened panels tested alongside non-lightened specimens with the same thickness. Based on measured values, maximal dimensions of lightened facade panels were designed.
Mechanical Resistance of Triple Glass Facade Panels Pukl, Radomír; Bittner, Tomáš; Bouška, Petr ...
Applied Mechanics and Materials,
12/2013, Volume:
486, Issue:
Experimental Stress Analysis 51
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Loading tests of triple glazed facade panels with dimensions of 1.5 x 2.64 m were carried out. The purpose of the tests was to examine mechanical resistance of the glass panes, namely the ...deformations caused by a local load, to determine degree of interaction between the panes of triple glazing exposed to the loading action and to prove the load bearing capacity of the panels. This experimental investigations were accompanied by finite element analysis.
It is known that in historical buildings as well as new buildings, facade claddings consisting of marble panels, are prone to damage patterns such as softening, crack formation, and bowing. The ...degree of damage is apparently dependent on the location of the building, the external climatic conditions, and the type of fastening of the facade panels. In this article, it is examined by means of nonstationary thermal simulation, to which extent the temperature fields, which develop in the facade panel, have an effect on the damage of the panel. It is shown that the diurnal and annual amplitude of the panel temperature induced by solar flux, external air temperature fluctuations, and long-wave input radiation and irradiation have a substantial influence on the damage process. On the example of the simulation of the thermal behavior of a facade panel for the building locations in Athens, Greece, Vienna, Austria, and Helsinki, Finland, it is shown that the observed increase of the susceptibility of marble facades to damages can be explained with the increase of the geographical latitude through the differences in the external climatic conditions. It is strongly recommended that architects and restorers install specific marble facade panels (like carrara marble) in close thermal contact with the wall behind, since this reduces the susceptibility of the facade to damage.
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DOBA, FGGLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Das Lehr‐ und Forschungsgebiet „Nachhaltigkeit im Metallleichtbau“ an der RWTH Aachen University forscht an Gebäudehüllen aus Metall und entwickelt Verfahren zur Planung und Herstellung von ...Systembauteilen für gestalterisch und funktional anspruchsvolle Bauwerke. Hierbei stellen insbesondere doppelt gekrümmte Fassaden und Dächer eine besondere Herausforderung an Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Fertigung und Bauausführung dar. In diesem Aufsatz wird die verbesserte Formgebung von doppelt gekrümmten Bauteilen aus Metall für Hochbauanwendungen vorgestellt. Diese wurde im Rahmen eines kooperativ durchgeführten Forschungsprojekts entwickelt. Dabei werden das Zusammenspiel der Umformverfahren sowie die Simulation der Formbildung und Herangehensweise zur Optimierung des Verfahrens behandelt. Einführend werden verschiedene Formungsverfahren für räumlich gekrümmte Baukomponenten betrachtet.
Translation abstract
Architectural building envelopes made of metal – optimized forming of double‐curved components
The teaching and research unit “Sustainable Metal Building Envelopes” at RWTH Aachen University conducts research on lightweight building envelopes made of metal and develops processes for planning and manufacturing of components for bespoke designs and built structures. Double curved facades and roofs pose a particular challenge for architecture, civil engineering, fabrication and construction. In this paper, the improved shaping of double‐curved metal components for building construction applications is presented, which was developed within the framework of a collaborative research project. The interaction of the forming processes as well as the simulation of shape formation and approaches to optimizing the process are discussed. In an introduction, various shaping processes for three‐dimensionally curved building components are examined.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This work focuses on the development and analysis of a new multifunctional facade panel incorporating PCM in foam layers. The thermal performance was analysed recurring to a hotbox heat flux meter ...method to determine the thermal transmittance (U-value) and the main findings are presented. The experimental setup was based on the steady-state approach, using climatic chambers, assuring a stable thermal environment. Even small fractions of PCM achieved a small reduction in thermal amplitude. Numerical simulations using Ansys Fluent were developed to evaluate the performance of PCM use over a wide range of temperature boundary conditions and operating modes. These numerical models were calibrated and validated using the results of experimental tests, achieving a correlation factor of 0.9674, and, thus, accurately representing a real-world scenario. The decrement factor (f) was used to analyse the data. It was identified that the efficiency of the panel and size of the optimum region increased with the PCM fraction growth. The results showed the significant potential of the multi-layered panel, with the thermal regulator effect of the PCM incorporated, on indoor space temperature so as to reach good thermal comfort levels. The efficiency of the panel can be improved by nearly 50% depending on the input boundary conditions. The efficiency of the panel and the size of the optimum region increase with growth in the PCM fraction. The simulated behaviour was at an optimum when the input mean temperature was 20 °C for a room temperature of between 18-20 °C.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
High performance concrete reinforced by technical textiles has found a wide range of applications in recent years. One of the most widespread is the use of this composite for the very thin facade ...panels of various shapes and technical solutions. This paper presents an unique way how to lighten the facade panels made of high performance concrete (HPC) reinforced by technical textiles, which are additionally equipped with LEDs, so that a sufficient distance can be watch programmed based image displays.
