A detailed statistical investigation was conducted in order to correlate some important biodiesel properties with the respective methyl ester weight composition in fatty acids. The examined ...properties were cetane number, density, kinematic viscosity and heating values (lower and higher). The chosen method for the correlation was the multiple linear regression analysis. A comprehensive data set was chosen for each interesting property as the basis for the formulation of the linear relations with respect to the eight, most important, fatty acids (lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic). The derived correlations were then verified against other experimental data, selected from various sources, with the aim to assess their predictive capability. It was found that for both the cetane number and density, the derived correlations were, on the one hand highly statistical, and, on the other, proved successful in predicting the corresponding properties from randomly selected samples reported in the literature. On the contrary, for both heating values and kinematic viscosity, the statistical correlations were weaker, although for the HHV the relative error between experimental and predicted values was adequately small.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•The distribution of biodiesels produced from ten different oils into fatty acids was investigated.•Saturation and unsaturation degrees of the biodiesel produced were calculated.•Fuel properties of ...biodiesel produced from vegetable oils were measured and compared with UNE-EN 14214 standard.•Effect of water content of the feedstock on the ester content of biodiesel.•Change of the cetane number of biodiesel according to the degree of unsaturation.
Energy, having primary importance in ensuring the prosperity and development of countries, has recently become one of the most strategic parameters in the international arena. Although there is no problem with oil and gas reserves for the next few decades, the issues such as searching for new alternative energy sources, producing and delivering them to consumers will be the most critical issues in energy sector. Today, almost all countries of the world (developed and developing) put in place new energy strategies to increase the share of alternative energy sources in their total energy consumption. Biodiesel is one of the most promising alternative energy sources. Biodiesel can be produced from a lot of different feedstocks such as vegetable oils, waste frying oils and fats, soapstock, algae, etc. However, produced biodiesel’s fuel properties significantly depend on the physico-chemical properties and fatty acid composition of its feedstock. In this study, methyl ester biodiesel fuels were produced by using the same transesterification reaction conditions from ten different vegetable oils including soybean, sunflower, corn, cottonseed, canola, olive, safflower, hazelnut, rapeseed, and algae. These oils’ fatty acid distributions and some critical fuel properties of biodiesel fuels obtained from these oils were detected and compared with each other to determine the best feedstock type for biodiesel production. The highest ester content value was measured for the biodiesel fuels produced from algae (98.7%) and olive oil (98.6%). In addition, cetane numbers of these two biodiesels were the highest (59 for algae biodiesel and 58 for olive oil biodiesel). The best cold flow properties were determined for biodiesel fuels obtained from algae, corn, and canola oils with the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) values of −14 °C, −13 °C and −13 °C, respectively.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) ovulates and releases eggs many times a year, and its suitable spawning temperature is 22 °C–28 °C. High temperature limits its success in reproduction. The ...purpose of this study was to explore the effects of heat stress (34.5 °C ± 0.5) on follicular development and atresia in female Nile tilapia. We analyzed tissue sections, serum hormone contents, gene transcript levels, fatty acid composition, and the transcriptome of the ovary of Nile tilapia. Compared with the control group, the heat-stressed group showed significantly reduced gonadal weight and gonadosomatic index of female fish. Morphological analyses revealed that heat stress increased follicular atresia and induced apoptosis and autophagy in the ovary. Heat stress also led to decreased serum contents of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol, and decreased transcript levels of genes encoding their corresponding receptors (LHR, FSHR, and ER). The transcript levels of genes related to apoptosis (Bcl2, Bim, caspase-3) and autophagy (Bax, Beclin-1, LC3a) increased in response to heat stress, accompanied by increased follicular atresia. Fish in the heat-stressed group showed decreased contents of fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, but increased saturated fatty acid content, in the ovary, indicative of dysfunctional fat synthesis and utilization. Differentially expressed mRNAs under heat stress were mainly involved in apoptosis and autophagy, metabolism, and hormone regulation signaling. Specifically, p53-, NOD-like receptor-, and MAPK-signaling pathways associated with apoptosis and autophagy were dysregulated under heat stress. Together, these results suggest that the combination of apoptosis and autophagy modulate follicular atresia of Nile tilapia under heat stress.
Display omitted
•We analyzed the responses of female Nile tilapia to heat stress.•Heat stress inhibited gonad development and increased follicular atresia (FA).•Granulosa cell apoptosis and autophagy accelerated FA under heat stress.•Decreased mono/polyunsaturated fatty acids and altered hormone levels accelerated FA.•p53-, NOD-like receptor-, and MAPK-signaling are involved in FA under heat stress.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this study, the basic components, nutritional values, and biochemical contents of six samples collected from Turkey were investigated to reveal their potential. The low-fat contents of all samples ...are primarily composed of linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids, as well as sterols such as ergosterol, ergosta, and lanosta types. Protein content ranges from 6.44 ± 0.90–55.05 ± 1.65 g/100 g dry weight, with the highest value found in L. nuda. Dietary fiber content ranges from 16.54 ± 1.16–54.82 ± 3.84 g/100 g dry weight, with the highest value found in H. coralloides. The most prominent features in the FT-IR spectroscopy of all samples are their oligosaccharide structures, particularly β-glucans. The sugars identified by the UPLC method include arabinose, fructose, glucose, mannitol, and trehalose, while oxalic acid was notably high in L. nuda (140.18 ± 11.22 mg/100 g dw) and shikimic acid was notably high in H. corallaids (175.36 ± 14.02 mg/100 g dw). Phenolic compounds such as syringic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, myricetin, rutin, and quercetin were identified. Therefore, we believe that the utilization of these mushroom species can lead to the development of new products, functional foods, natural additives, and dietary supplements that benefit human nutrition.
•The current work reveals the nutritional potential of Turkish mushroom species.•Samples are low in fat and high in linoleic, oleic, palmitic, stearic acids.•β-glucans emerge as the primary polysaccharide across all samples.•Phenolic acids like catechin, syringic acid and myrcetin are present in all samples.•S. collinitus exhibits notable levels of syringic acid, rutin, and quercetin.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance, feed utilization, hematological characteristics, antioxidant capacity and tissue fatty acid profiles were assessed in juvenile swimming ...crab (Portunus trituberculatus). Six isonitrogenous (approximately 45% crude protein) and isolipidic (approximately 8% crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated to contain fish oil (FO), krill oil (KO), palm oil (PO), rapeseed oil (RO), soybean oil (SO) and linseed oil (LO), respectively. 270 swimming crab juveniles (approximately initial weight 5.43 ± 0.03 g) were randomly stocked and sorted into 270 individual rectangle plastic baskets in three cement pools. The results showed that crabs fed the diet containing KO had a significantly higher percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and molting ratio (MR) than those fed the other diets. Crabs fed the KO diet had the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) among all treatments, followed by the FO diet. However, survival, daily feed intake (DFI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were not affected by the dietary lipid sources. Crabs fed the FO and KO diets led to significantly higher glucose (GLU) concentration in hemolymph compared to that fed the vegetable oils (VOs) diets. Moreover, a significant elevation of total protein (TP), glucose (GLU) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) was observed in hemolymph of crabs fed the KO diet. The activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) as well as the content of glutathione (GSH) in hepatopancreas of crabs fed the KO diet had the highest value among all treatments. The minimum concentrations of MDA in hemolymph and hepatopancreas were observed in crabs fed the KO diet. The fatty acid compositions of tissues reflected that of diets and lipid sources. Crabs fed the FO and KO diets had significantly higher values of EPA, DHA and n-3/n-6 ratio in hepatopancreas and muscle than those fed the VOs diets. In summary, based on the growth response and antioxidant capacity in comparison to VOs even FO, KO appeared to be more effective and beneficial for juvenile swimming crab. This will provide reference for the development of the diet for the reproductive and developmental stage of swimming crab.
•Swimming crab fed with KO could obtain better growth performance comparison to VOs.•KO may maintain the stability of EPA and DHA against oxidative damage.•KO appeared to be more effective and beneficial for juvenile swimming crab.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Arsenic (As) toxicity is a problem that needs to be solved in terms of both human health and agricultural production in the vast majority of the world. The presence of As causes biomass loss by ...disrupting the balance of biochemical processes in plants and preventing growth/water absorption in the roots and accumulating in the edible parts of the plant and entering the food chain. A critical method of combating As toxicity is the use of biosafe, natural, bioactive compounds such as hesperidin (HP) or chlorogenic acid (CA). To this end, in this study, the physiological and biochemical effects of HP (100 μM) and CA (50 μM) were investigated in Zea mays under arsenate stress (100 μM). Relative water content, osmotic potential, photosynthesis-related parameters were suppressed under stress. It was determined that stress decreased the activities of the antioxidant system and increased the level of saturated fatty acids and, gene expression of PHT transporters involved in the uptake and translocation of arsenate. After being exposed to stress, HP and CA improved the capacity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and then ROS accumulation (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were effectively removed. These phenolic compounds contributed to maintaining the cellular redox status by regulating enzyme/non-enzyme activity/contents involved in the AsA-GSH cycle. HP and CA reversed the adverse effects of excessive metal ion accumulation by re-regulated expression of the PHT1.1 and PHT1.3 genes in response to stress. Exogenously applied HP and CA effectively maintained membrane integrity by regulating saturated/unsaturated fatty acid content. However, the combined application of HP and CA did not show a synergistic protective activity against As stress and had a negative effect on the antioxidant capacity of maize leaves. As a result, HP and CA have great potentials to provide tolerance to maize under As stress by reducing oxidative injury and preserving the biochemical reactions of photosynthesis.
•Arsenic stress caused the high levels of H2O2 and TBARS in maize leaves.•Under As stress, HP and CA applications induced antioxidant enzyme activities.•HP and CA applications preserved cellular redox status with the AsA-GSH cycle.•Exogenous polyphenols were effective in regulation of PHT gene expressions.•HP and CA were successful in maintaining fatty acid composition under stress.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
With a continuous increase in population and economic development, the demand for high quality seed oils keeps increasing in China. In the last decades, many minor edible oils become increasing and ...popular.
In this review, the chemical composition and nutritional properties of minor edible oils, including flaxseed oil, corn oil, rice bran oil, camellia oil, safflower oil, almond oil, grape seed oil, walnut oil, perilla seed oil, pumpkin seed oil, evening primrose oil, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver seed oil, penoy seed oil, sea buckthorn seed oil, Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil, Torreya grandis seed oil and tomato seed oil, were summarized. The characteristic chemical compositions of these 17 kinds of minor edible oils were analyzed from fatty acid composition, phytosterols, tocopherols, total phenolic content, squalene and β-carotene contents.
Different types of vegetable oils have their own specific advantages and biological activities, and appropriate vegetable oils can be selected to meet individual needs accordingly. For example, Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil contains 5.52% nervonic acid (C24:1) that can promote the repair and regeneration of nerve cells and tissues damaged, while corn oil and rice bran oil have higher contents of campesterol and total phytosterol and might be therefore better choices for patients with high cholesterol and cardiovascular diseases. This review could benefit comprehensive understanding nutritional values of minor vegetable oils and future researches on nutrition and product development.
•Chemical composition of 17 kinds of minor edible oils in China was summarized.•Characteristics and advantage of minor edible oils were analyzed.•Potential nutritional functions of minor edible oils were reviewed.•This review benefits comprehensive understanding nutritions of minor vegetable oils.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
This work evaluated the use of monolayered (Mo) and multilayered (Mu) fish oil microcapsules as vehicles of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in cooked and dry-cured meat ...products as affected by the storage and culinary heating or dry-cured processing. Proximate composition, oxidation, EPA and DHA quantity, acceptability and morphology were evaluated. Mo and Mu microcapsules increased the quantity of EPA and DHA, leading to cooked and dry-cured products susceptible to be labeled as “source of omega-3 fatty acids”, without influencing physico-chemical characteristics, oxidative stability, acceptability or usual changes that take place during the culinary heating or dry-cured processing. The storage at refrigeration influenced on usual modifications on lipid oxidation and hedonic scores, but overall quality of the meat products enriched seems not to be impaired after storing. Thus, it could be indicated the viability of Mo and Mu as vehicles to enrich meat products subjected to low and high temperature for manufacturing, storage at refrigeration and culinary heating.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
39.
Gut microbiota and meat quality Chen, Binlong; Li, Diyan; Leng, Dong ...
Frontiers in microbiology,
08/2022, Volume:
13
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Sustainable meat production is important to providing safe and quality protein sources for humans worldwide. Intensive artificial selection and high energy input into the diet of many commercial ...animals for the last decade has significantly increased the daily gain of body weight and shortened the raising period, but unexpectedly decreased the meat quality. The gastrointestinal tract of animals harbors a diverse and complex microbial community that plays a vital role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, immune system development, pathogen exclusion, and meat quality. Fatty acid composition and oxidative stress in adipose and muscle tissue influences meat quality in livestock and poultry. Recent studies showed that nutraceuticals are receiving increased attention, which could alter the intestinal microbiota and regulate the fat deposition and immunity of hosts to improve their meat quality. Understanding the microbiota composition, the functions of key bacteria, and the host-microbiota interaction is crucial for the development of knowledge-based strategies to improve both animal meat quality and host health. This paper reviews the microorganisms that affect the meat quality of livestock and poultry. A greater understanding of microbial changes that accompany beneficial dietary changes will lead to novel strategies to improve livestock and poultry meat product quality.
The topic of gut microbiota is currently attracting considerable interest as a potential factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the extent and time course of alterations in the gut microbiota, ...and their effects on AD pathology remain uncertain. Herein, we compared the fecal microbiomes and fecal short chain fatty acid composition (SCFAs) between wild-type and AD model mice at different ages under strictly controlled specific pathogen free conditions, and also conducted microscopic investigations of intestinal structures. Our results showed that the microbiota composition and diversity were perturbed and the level of SCFAs was reduced in AD mice, predicting alterations in more than 30 metabolic pathways, which may be associated with amyloid deposition and ultrastructural abnormalities in AD mouse intestine. These findings indicate that AD pathology might not only affect brain function directly, but also exacerbate cognitive deficits through reducing the level of SCFAs via alterations of gut microbiota induced by intestinal amyloid deposition. Our data may support a role of gut microbiota, and suggest a novel route for therapeutic intervention in AD.
