Display omitted
•Milk antioxidant capacity was increased by graded levels of citrus peel addition.•Milk proportions of MUFA and CLA were enhanced by citrus peel extract.•Feeding citrus peel extract ...increased milk contents of PE and PC.
Eight lactating cows were used to determine the effects of citrus peel extract (CPE) on milk performance, antioxidant properties, and milk lipids composition. CPE supplementation up to 150 g/d (CPE150) increased milk yield and the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids of conjugated linoleic acid. CPE with abundant polyphenol and flavonoids can transfer these bioactive substances to mammary gland and improve the antioxidant properties of milk obtained from cows. Lipidomics revealed that 56 lipid species were altered between CON vs CPE150, and there were five key differential metabolic pathways. In particular, milk phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine were significantly increased with dietary CPE supplementation. In summary, our results provide insights into the modifications in the milk components and milk quality of dairy cows received CPE. The inclusion of CPE in the diet of dairy cows may be an effective and natural way to increase the antioxidant amounts and beneficial lipids in milk.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•The oil yield of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seed oil increased with microwave heating time.•Antioxidant activity and the total phenolic increased with microwave heating time.•The tocopherol was ...highest with microwave heating for 2 min in the seed shell oil.
Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seed is a primary source of edible vegetable oil and possesses a high nutritional value, making them extremely beneficial to humanity. To promote the extraction process of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seed oil, the effect of microwave heating time (700 W for 0, 2, 4, and 6 min) on lipid composition, chemical properties, and antioxidant activity of oils was studied. The results showed that the oil yield of the seed increased with the microwave heating time. Besides, microwave heating time significantly affects (p < 0.05) DPPH and tocopherols, and the IC50 value of DPPH was highest with microwave heating for 6 min, whatever the shells are reserved. The tocopherol content was highest with microwave heating for 2 min in the seed shell oil, which was 1930.60 mg/kg. The longer microwave heating time could improve the oil yield and antioxidant activity of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seed oil. The seed shell also affects chemical properties, fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity, and tocopherol contents of the Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seed oil. The Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seed shell oil has higher DPPH and tocopherols contents than seed kernel oil, while seed kernel oils showed higher oil yield and acid value. Our finding is valuable for manufacturers to choose suitable means to produce Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seed oil of required qualities and chemical compositions for targeted use.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Despite the value of key nutritional components of lamb to human health, a large scale literature review recently highlighted the lack of nutritional information for value added lamb retail cuts ...which suit modern consumers. Consequently, the nutritional composition including proximate analysis, fatty acid and mineral composition of 5 lamb retail cuts from 25 commercially produced extensively finished lambs was investigated. Overall, this research indicated that there was variation in nutritional components between these cuts, particularly for nutritional traits which are important for human health including zinc, iron, total fat and protein as well as fatty acids including EPA, DHA, total saturated fatty acids and total polyunsaturated fatty acids. However the reasons for these differences are poorly understood. Therefore, further research is required to ensure that nutritional information provided to consumers for these cuts at retail is accurate.
•Nutritional composition varied between value added lamb cuts.•Potential to market lamb cuts based on mineral and omega-3 fatty composition.•Based on nutritional guidelines some lamb cuts can be considered good sources of dietary omega-3, iron and zinc.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Rice bran (RB), a by-product of rice milling industry has limited uses despite its nutritional value. Thus, the aim of the current study was to improve the process of RB stabilization and it was ...conducted in three stages a) optimization of the infrared radiation (IR) conditions in order to inactivate lipase activity b) investigation of the effect of IR treatments on γ-oryzanol, vitamin E, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of stabilized RB as well as on color and fatty acid composition c) stability tests of free fatty acid (FFA) content and lipophilic compounds. Results indicated that IR heating at 140 °C for 15 min is an effective method for RB stabilization without any loss of γ-oryzanol and fatty acid composition, but with a significant decrease in vitamin E content. Contrary, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of bound extracts of stabilized RB increased as the IR power increased, whereas an insignificant increase was observed on free extracts. Storage stability tests showed that γ-oryzanol of stabilized RB was relatively less stable after 6-months storage than vitamin E. In conclusion, the selection of optimum IR conditions is important to guarantee the quality RB in terms of health beneficial components and undesirable components.
•A custom device using infrared radiation heating was optimized for RB stabilization.•Infrared radiation heating didn't effect γ-oryzanol content and fatty acid composition.•Vitamin E content of RB significantly decreased after infrared radiation heating.•Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of RB increased after infrared treatment.•The infrared radiation heating significantly improved the storage stability of RB.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) that control brain development, maintain neural environments, respond to injuries, and regulate neuroinflammation. Despite ...their significant impact on various physiological and pathological processes across mammalian biology, there remains a notable gap in our understanding of how microglia perceive and transmit mechanical signals in both normal and diseased states. Recent studies have revealed that microglia possess the ability to detect changes in the mechanical properties of their environment, such as alterations in stiffness or pressure. These changes may occur during development, aging, or in pathological conditions such as trauma or neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss microglial Piezo1 mechanosensitive channels as potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The structure, function, and modulation of Piezo1 will be discussed, as well as its role in facilitating microglial clearance of misfolded amyloid-β (Aβ) proteins implicated in the pathology of AD.
Black soldier fly larvae oil (BSO) is a potential fat source in aquaculture feeds, which is high in lauric acid (21.4%–49.3%). In order to investigate the effects of dietary BSO on growth ...performance, fatty acid composition and lipid deposition in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian), five experimental diets were formulated by substitution of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% soybean oil (SO) with BSO. Total 300 Jian carp (10.67±0.80g) were divided randomly into 5 groups (triplicate per group) and was fed with the diets above respectively). After 59days feeding growth, fatty acid composition and lipid deposition was determined. The results showed that growth, nutritive utilization and serum biochemical parameters of fish in five groups were not different (P>0.05). Fatty acid composition in the intraperitoneal fat tissue, muscle and hepatopancreas was closely correlated with diets. While, the 22:6n-3 content of treated groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) in the muscle. Intraperitoneal fat index and the size of adipocyte in intraperitoneal fat decreased in higher BSO intake compared with SO group (P<0.05). Relative gene expression of PPARα significantly increased (P<0.05), while PPARγ and FAS was not significantly affected by dietary BSO level (P>0.05). The Bcl-2/Bax ratios were not different among five groups (P>0.05). These results suggested that the growth of Jian carp was not affected by dietary BSO, while it decreased lipid deposition in the intraperitoneal fat tissue of Jian carp by higher gene expression of PPARα.
Previous studies on nutrition of fish have highlighted the importance of fish oil. However, with the worldwide decreasing supplies as well as the escalating prices of this ingredient, alternative resources were sought and nutritionally evaluated. Plant or vegetable oils are now introduced in fish diets, but these sources have limitations, such as palatability and production issues. In the recent years, insects have received wide attention as a potential source of lipid, especially black soldier fly. Black soldier fly grow and reproduce easily, have high feed conversion efficiency and can be reared on biowastes. Insects often accumulate fat, especially during their immature stages. The lipid content of non-defatted black soldier fly larvae is highly (26%–35%). This study was designed to explore the possibility that black soldier fly larvae oil as a lipid resource in aquafeeds, and to determine its effect on growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, major nutrients composition, fatty acid composition and lipid deposition.
•Black soldier fly larvae oil significantly increased the content of lauric acid fatty acid in hepatopancreas, intraperitoneal fat and muscle.•Black soldier fly larvae oil reduced the intraperitoneal fat deposition of fish.•Black soldier fly larvae oil reduced the size of intraperitoneal adipose cells.•Black soldier fly larvae oil significantly increased the level of PPAR α in intraperitoneal adipose cells.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
This paper focuses on the digestion, absorption and metabolism of MLCT and its application status.
Display omitted
•MLCT shows certain nutritional properties, such as anti-obesity and nutritional ...therapy.•The gastrointestinal digestion and absorption behavior of MLCT affects its nutritional properties.•Fatty acid composition and/or positional distribution of MLCT influenceits digestion and absorption process.•The purpose of modifying the digestion and absorption of MLCT can be realized by structural design.
With the progress in the study of functional lipid, interest has turned recently to the medium- and long-chain triglyceride (MLCT) obtained by modification of natural oil. From a health perspective, MLCT not only provides us with the essential fatty acids, but,moreimportantly,it also reduces body fat accumulation, improves insulin resistance and plays an important role in clinical nutritional treatment. The potential effectiveness of MLCT in the human body is influenced mainly byits digestion and absorption in thegastrointestinaltract. However, the current understanding of the digestion and absorption mechanism of MLCT is still not comprehensive. Thisreview first presents the nutritional properties, digestion and absorption of MLCT. Then it will focus on the effects of MLCT compositions and structures (eg, fatty acid chain length, saturation, and location distribution) on its digestion and absorption process for a better understanding of its nutritional properties. This review also presents the synthesis methods and current application status of MLCT. Finally, the advantages, challenges and future prospects of MLCT are discussed. With its potential health benefits, MLCT is widely being used as nutraceutical in food and pharmaceutical sectors. In the future, the purpose of modifying the digestion and absorption of MLCT can be realized by structural design and other means, to achieve nutritional supplement and precise therapy.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Microorganisms in Antarctic glacier forefields are directly exposed to the hostile environment of their habitat characterized by extremely low temperatures and changing geochemical conditions. To ...survive under those stress conditions microorganisms adapt, among others, their cell membrane fatty acid inventory. However, only little is known about the adaptation potential of microorganisms from Antarctic soil environments. In this study, we examined the adaptation of the cell membrane polar lipid fatty acid inventory of
Chryseobacterium frigidisoli
PB4
T
in response to changing temperature (0°C to 20°C) and pH (5.5 to 8.5) regimes, because this new strain isolated from an Antarctic glacier forefield showed specific adaptation mechanisms during its detailed physiological characterization.
Flavobacteriaceae
including
Chryseobacterium
species occur frequently in extreme habitats such as ice-free oases in Antarctica.
C. frigidisoli
shows a complex restructuring of membrane derived fatty acids in response to different stress levels. Thus, from 20°C to 10°C a change from less
iso
-C
15:0
to more
iso
-C
17:1ω7
is observed. Below 10°C temperature adaptation is regulated by a constant increase of
anteiso
-FAs and decrease of
iso
-FAs. An
anteiso-
and bis-unsaturated fatty acid,
anteiso
-heptadeca-9,13-dienoic acid, shows a continuous increase with decreasing cultivation temperatures underlining the particular importance of this fatty acid for temperature adaptation in
C. frigidisoli
. Concerning adaptation to changing pH conditions, most of the dominant fatty acids reveal constant relative proportions around neutral pH (pH 6–8). Strong variations are mainly observed at the pH extremes (pH 5.5 and 8.5). At high pH short chain saturated
iso
- and
anteiso
-FAs increase while longer chain unsaturated
iso
- and
anteiso
-FAs decrease. At low pH the opposite trend is observed. The study shows a complex interplay of different membrane components and provides, therefore, deep insights into adaptation strategies of microorganisms from extreme habitats to changing environmental conditions.
Yellow seed is a desirable trait with great potential for improving seed quality in Brassica crops. Unfortunately, no natural or induced yellow seed germplasms have been found in Brassica napus, an ...important oil crop, which likely reflects its genome complexity and the difficulty of the simultaneous random mutagenesis of multiple gene copies with functional redundancy. Here, we demonstrate the first application of CRISPR/Cas9 for creating yellow‐seeded mutants in rapeseed. The targeted mutations of the BnTT8 gene were stably transmitted to successive generations, and a range of homozygous mutants with loss‐of‐function alleles of the target genes were obtained for phenotyping. The yellow‐seeded phenotype could be recovered only in targeted mutants of both BnTT8 functional copies, indicating that the redundant roles of BnA09.TT8 and BnC09.TT8b are vital for seed colour. The BnTT8 double mutants produced seeds with elevated seed oil and protein content and altered fatty acid (FA) composition without any serious defects in the yield‐related traits, making it a valuable resource for rapeseed breeding programmes. Chemical staining and histological analysis showed that the targeted mutations of BnTT8 completely blocked the proanthocyanidin (PA)‐specific deposition in the seed coat. Further, transcriptomic profiling revealed that the targeted mutations of BnTT8 resulted in the broad suppression of phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthesis genes, which indicated a much more complex molecular mechanism underlying seed colour formation in rapeseed than in Arabidopsis and other Brassica species. In addition, gene expression analysis revealed the possible mechanism through which BnTT8 altered the oil content and fatty acid composition in seeds.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Assessing the consumer’s awareness of the diet-health relationship, this study presents the fatty acid composition of cow’s milk available on Bulgarian market. Over a 5-year period, 100 samples of ...pasteurised cow’s milk and 135 samples cow’s yogurt were analysed by gas chromatography (ISO 15885:2002). The saturated fatty acids predominated - average amount 70.1% for milk and 71.1% for yogurt. The unsaturated fatty acids proportions were 29.9% and 28.9% respectively. Seasonal variations in the fatty acid composition of milk were detected, due to feeding practices. Non-milk fat was identified in 5 yogurt samples, while all pasteurised milk samples were not adulterated. This study provides the first scientific information for fatty acid composition of cow’s milk on Bulgarian market with respect to dietary intake estimation.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
