Total and individual carotenoids, fatty acid composition of total lipids, and main lipid classes of 16 fresh bee-collected pollen samples from Romania were determined by high-performance liquid ...chromatography with photodiode array detection and capillary gas chromatography with mass detection. Analyzed samples were found rich in lutein, whereas β-criptoxanthin and β-carotene were present in a wide range of amounts correlated with predominant botanical origin of the samples. High amounts of lutein were correlated with the presence of Callendula officinalis, Taraxacum officinale and Anthylis sp. The highest amount of total lipids was found in samples where pollen from Brassica sp. was predominant. Lipid classes were dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids were determined in variable amounts. Lipid and carotenoid contents present great variability, explained by the various botanical species present in the samples.
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In this study, we examined the yield and oil quality of eight different grape varieties. For the experiments, the grape seeds were obtained from the Benedictine Pannonhalma Archabbey in the ...northwestern region of Hungary. The aim of the studies was to determine the oil yield obtained by extraction and to examine the differences between the fatty acid composition, antioxidant capacity, and total polyphenol content of the oils of different grape varieties. Based on the results, the oil content of the grape seeds varied between 99.91 g/kg and 126.74 g/kg. The grape seed oils analysed contained significant amounts of stearic acid (3.42–9.93%), palmitic acid (7.81–10.66%), oleic acid (14.29–19.92%), and linoleic acid (66.85–72.47%). Besides, the grape seed oils tested contained several other fatty acids in small amounts. There were significant differences in the total antioxidant and total polyphenol content of the oils. Total polyphenol content ranged from 0.24 to 1.13 mg GAE/g, while the total antioxidant content changed between 0.12 and 0.78 μg TEAC/g. The results show that the studied varieties are suitable for the production of table grape seed oil based on their oil yield, and the oils have favourable, health-protecting properties in terms of their quality.
Dans cette étude, nous avons examiné le rendement et la qualité de l’huile de huit différentes variétés de raisin. Pour les expériences, les pépins de raisin ont été obtenus de l’abbaye bénédictine de Pannonhalma dans le Nord-Ouest de la Hongrie. L’objectif était de déterminer le rendement en huile obtenu par extraction et d’examiner les différences de composition en acides gras, capacité antioxydante et teneur totale en polyphénols des huiles issues de différents cépages. D’après les résultats, la teneur en huile des pépins de raisin variait entre 99,91 g/kg et 126,74 g/kg. Les huiles de pépins de raisin analysées contenaient des quantités significatives d’acide stéarique (3,42–9,93 %), d’acide palmitique (7,81–10,66 %), d’acide oléique (14,29–19,92 %) et d’acide linoléique (66,85–72,47 %). En outre, les huiles de pépins de raisin testées contenaient plusieurs autres acides gras en petites quantités. Des différences significatives dans la teneur en antioxydants totaux et en polyphénols totaux des huiles ont été notées : la teneur en polyphénols totaux variait de 0,24 à 1,13 mg GAE/g, tandis que la teneur en antioxydants totaux variait de 0,12 à 0,78 μg TEAC/g. Les résultats montrent que les variétés étudiées conviennent à la production d’huile de table issue de pépins de raisin au regard de leur rendement en huile, et que, sur le plan qualitatif, les huiles possèdent des propriétés bénéfiques et protectrices sur la santé.
Summary
The effects of fat content and charcoal types on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in various barbecued fish (trout, sea bream, ...seabass, salmon and shad) were investigated. Fish samples were also analysed in terms of fat content and fatty acid profile. Total saturated fatty acids (∑SFA) contents reduced while the total polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA) contents increased after barbecuing. Both fat content and charcoal type had an effect on the amount of PAHs and HAAs. The amounts of ∑PAHs ranged between 6.95 and 99.03 ng g−1 in barbecued fish. Notably, the highest amount of ∑PAHs was found in shad as well. The amounts of ∑HAAs ranged from non‐detectable levels to 2.29 ng g−1. The amounts of ∑PAHs and ∑HAAs were higher in samples barbecued with charcoal briquette compared to those barbecued with wood charcoal. Hence, we would suggest the use of wood charcoal in barbecuing.
The effects of fat content and charcoal types on the formation of PAHs and HAAs in barbecued fishes.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Body fat mass is closely associated to diseases related to obesity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miR) are important regulatory molecules that function as post-transcriptional gene regulators of adipocyte ...development. In the current study, we revealed that reduced expression of miR-199a-3p in adipose tissue resulting from high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. Overexpression of miR-199a-3p promoted adipocyte proliferation by regulating the expression of regulating factors of the cell cycle. Furthermore, miR-199a-3p blunted lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This was accompanied by a marked decrease in the expression of adipocyte-specific genes involved in lipogenic transcription, fatty acid synthesis, and fatty acid transportation. Furthermore, the fatty acid oxidation process was enhanced. Luciferase activity assays confirmed that miR-199a-3p regulates adipocyte differentiation by directly targeting the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD). Moreover, miR-199a-3p regulates fatty acid composition by decreasing the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in adipocytes transfected with miR-199a-3p mimics. These results suggest that miR-199a-3p may promote adipocyte proliferation, while also repressing adipocyte differentiation by down-regulating SCD and changing fatty acid composition during adipogenesis.
•miR-199a-3p promotes proliferation.•miR-199a-3p inhibits lipid deposition of adipocytes by regulating the mRNA levels of SCD.•The fatty acid composition of adipocytes is regulated by miR-199a-3p.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The ripening degree of camellia fruit is one of the key factors affecting the quality of camellia seed oil. In this study, taking Camellia semiserrata as the research object, the oil content, ...physicochemical indexes, nutritional indexes, fatty acid composition, and volatile compounds of camellia seed oils from various harvest dates (from September to October) were determined. The results showed that with the increase of the ripening degree of camellia fruit, the oil content of camellia seed increased at first and then decreased and reached the highest (58.74%) on September 30, while the acid value, peroxide value, β-sitosterol, α-tocopherol, and polyphenols of camellia seed oil showed a downward trend. Among them, the highest contents of β-sitosterol, α-tocopherol, and polyphenols were observed on September 2, which were 6881.60, 311.34, and 78.08 mg/kg, respectively. In terms of the fatty acid composition of camellia seed oils, the content of oleic acid increased at first and then decreased, the content of linoleic acid and palmitic acid decreased gradually, while the content of stearic acid increased gradually. A total of 37 volatile compounds were identified in different samples, including 12 aldehydes, 5 ketones, 12 alcohols, 2 acids, 5 esters, and 1 other. With the increase of the ripening degree, the concentration of aldehydes and alcohols increased at first and then decreased, the concentration of ketones and esters decreased gradually, but the concentration of acid compounds had no obvious rule. In addition, the camellia seed oils from various harvest dates were classified and comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis and grey relation analysis. The results showed that different camellia seed oils could be divided into three groups, and the comprehensive score of camellia seed oils on September 30 was the highest. In general, this work can provide theoretical guidance for the harvest date of Camellia semiserrata.
We investigated the fatty acid composition and regiospecific distribution of triacylglycerol in Juglans mandshurica Maxim. var. sachalinensis (Komatsu) Kitam and Juglans regia L. oils. Significant ...differences are observed in the fatty acid compositions and regiospecific distribution of triacylglycerol in both oils. In addition, we measured volatile compounds and tocopherol content in two walnut oils. In results of volatile compound analysis, vanillin is specifically detected from J. mandshurica var. sachalinensis oil, and was not detected in J. regia L. oil. Notably, γ-tocopherol content in the J. mandshurica var. sachalinensis oil was significantly higher than J. regia L. oil.
Sesamol is a strong antioxidant phenolic compound found in sesame seed. It possesses the ability to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to inhibit malic enzyme activity and NADPH ...supply, resulting possibly in cell proliferation and alteration in the fatty acid composition. In the present study, the effect of sesamol on the growth and accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was investigated in the marine microalga Crypthecodinium cohnii, a prolific producer of DHA. C. cohnii showed a great decrease in the intracellular ROS level with the addition of sesamol. In contrast, the biomass concentration, DHA content (% of total fatty acids), and DHA productivity were significantly increased by 44.20, 11.25, and 20.00%, respectively (P < 0.01). Taken together, this work represents the first report of employing sesamol for enhanced production of DHA by C. cohnii, providing valuable insights into this alga for future biotechnological applications.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Chia (
Salvia hispanica L.), an annual herb of the Labiatae family, produces seeds which were one of the basic foods of Central American civilizations in pre-Columbian times. Chia seed contains the ...highest known percentage of α-linolenic fatty acid of any plant source. In recent years, chia seed has become increasingly important for human health and nutrition because of its high content of α-linolenic fatty acid, and the beneficial health effects that arise from its consumption. A study was undertaken to characterize protein and oil contents as well as fatty acid composition of chia seeds grown in some larger commercial fields, in an attempt to determine how these components are affected by location. Oil saturation tended to decrease as elevation of seed production increased, with decreasing levels of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic fatty acids found. The main constituent in the chia oil was ω-3 α-linolenic fatty acid, and ranged from 64.8% to 56.9%. Differences were significant (
P
<
0.05) among locations. Significant differences in protein content and fatty acid composition were also found for the commercially grown chia originating from three ecosystems. It is possible that these differences could be used to distinguish chia's origin, if additional research was undertaken to characterize such differences.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•The fatty acid profile of woody pasture is different to that of herbaceous pasture.•Meat n−6/n−3 ratios of lambs from all systems were appropriate.•Isotope ratios make it possible to distinguish ...lambs from different areas of Tunisia.•Feed and geographical IR discriminate Tunisian from Italian lambs.•Using IR some lambs of nearby region, Sicily, were misclassified as Tunisian.
The efficacy of isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) in tracing lamb production systems was investigated for four farming systems in the Tunisian North-West: Ain Draham and Fernana, characterised by woody pasture, and Amdoun and Joumine, characterised by herbaceous pasture. Mixed breed lambs aged 3.5–5 months were reared under semi-extensive and extensive systems. Samples of Longissimus dorsi muscle were taken from eight lambs for each farming system for stable IR assessment of the five main bio-elements in the protein and fat fractions of lamb and for fatty acid (FA) determination. Using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) the IR profiles of Tunisian lamb types allowed correct assignment of the training meat samples to the area of origin. Inclusion of the FA profile in the classification model slightly improved its evaluation performance for the individual farming systems; the average accuracy increased by 2%–94%. However, the differences between samples were not sufficiently wide to be validated by an external set of samples including 10 Italian lamb types. A broader scale geographical signature discriminating lambs from the Amdoun area, the rest of north-west Tunisia and Italy appeared to be workable, although some foreign lamb types from neighbouring Mediterranean regions such as Sicily were misclassified as Tunisian.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Ambient temperature during olive fruit growth modulates oil content and fatty acid composition. However, the mechanisms behind their regulation are not completely understood. In this work, the ...transcriptional regulation of oil synthesis and fatty acid desaturation were evaluated by manipulating air temperature in the field. Three‐year‐old trees of cultivars ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Coratina’ were placed in open‐top chambers (OTC) where control or elevated air temperatures were applied early in the oil accumulation phase, and fruits were sampled after 10 or 36 days of exposure. Upon elevated temperature, the oil content in ‘Coratina’ mesocarp tissue decreased less than in ‘Arbequina’ compared to their respective controls. However, the oleic acid content of ‘Coratina’ was more sensitive to temperature. The cultivar‐dependent responses were mainly explained by differential gene expression. In ‘Arbequina’, the downregulation of genes involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis (OeDGAT1‐2, OeDGAT2, OePDAT1‐1, and OePDAT1‐2), upon elevated temperature explains the decrease in oil content, whereas the downregulation of the fatty acid desaturases genes (OeSAD1, OeSAD3, OeFAD2‐1, OeFAD2‐2, and OeFAD2‐5) decreased the oleic/linoleic ratio. In contrast, in ‘Coratina’, OePDAT1‐2 downregulation explains the fluctuation in oil content, but the increased expression of three members of the OeFAD2 gene family was responsible for the oleic/linoleic ratio. This knowledge contributes to developing an integrated strategy for olive production under high temperatures, and the analysis of the expression of key genes could be used as a selection criterion in genetic improvement programs for the adaptation of olive cultivars to global warming.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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