Studies have compared sexual minority mothers (mostly lesbian) to heterosexual mothers on mental health, but little research has compared sexual minority women with and without children. This was the ...first study to compare sexual minority women who did or did not have children, using a population-based sample with three age cohorts. Unlike prior convenience studies, this study finds parents more likely to be bisexual, in a relationship with a man, and non-urban. Bisexual parents scored higher than lesbian parents on psychological distress and lower on life satisfaction and happiness; they also reported less connection to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community. Among lesbians, the oldest non-parents reported more happiness and less psychological distress than the youngest non-parents. Parents with other identities perceived more social support from friends and reported lower levels of internalized homophobia than bisexual parents. The results will help professionals and policymakers understand how parenthood status affects women across sexual identities.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Adolescence is a stressful time for many children. Changes in their environment or changes in social situations are some typical stressors that an adolescent child might encounter. Interactions with ...parents can also be stressors for a child. Previous research has shown that a risk factor for a parent using harsh parenting techniques is perceived control. Parents who have low perceived control are at a higher risk to engage in physical parenting techniques or child abuse. This study included 198 middle school students and their female parent or guardian pairs (296 total participants), with the adolescent participants ranging in age from 10- to 14-years-old. The adult participants were evaluated for their level of perceived control and the adolescent participants were evaluated for their level of perceived stress. Parents who perceived themselves as having a low amount of control over their child’s behavior (low ACF), were linked with their child having a high level of perceived stress. This effect was found only for the 14-year-old participants. Implications of results and areas of further research are suggested. It is possible that as a child gets older and enters puberty, the parent of the child feels as if they are losing control over their child and, as a result, resort to more forceful parenting techniques to regain control.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Sequence analysis targeting the hypervariable mitochondrial DNA-D-loop region was performed to survey spawning patterns of captive Pacific bluefin tuna (
Thunnus orientalis). The broodstock consisted ...of approximately 100 individuals. Sampling of fertilized eggs was conducted for ten days within three weeks in 2007. Among 236 eggs and 31 juveniles analyzed, 25 unique haplotypes were detected, indicating that more than 25 female parents participated in reproduction in the fish cages. Among the 25 haplotypes, 10 were found at relatively high frequencies. Some of these haplotypes were observed to occur at 2 to 3 consecutive days, indicating that the captive bluefin tuna females were capable to consecutively spawn multiple times.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
In order to screen suitable high hybrid wheat seed production technology,the split-plot experiment design was adopted and study was carried out about the effects of the different row ratios of male ...and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid wheat seed production and its component factors. The results showed that the seed production increased with the increase in the number of female parent row. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2 ∶ 6,the seed production was 3 683. 8 kg/ha; when the application amount of nitrogen fertilization was 50 kg/ha,the seed production was 3 649. 4 kg/ha; the interaction between the row ratio of male and female parents and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 6 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the seed production reached the highest( 4160. 6 kg/ha). The row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the component factors of seed production,including the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 7 grains,1. 12 g,and 62. 6% respectively; when application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 450 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 0 grains,1. 08 g,and59. 2% respectively; the interaction of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage; when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 29. 6grains,1. 24 g,and 71. 6% respectively. The number of grains per spike is the largest component factor for seed production. Increasing the number of grains per spike can increase the seed production. According to the effects of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the component factors of seed production,the optimal condition was 2∶ 5-2∶ 6 for row ratio of male and female parents and 300-450 kg/ha for application amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
Apricot is one of the oldest and important dried fruit crop in Iran especially in Azerbaijan that it has cultured thousands years ago for drying and processing production. Iran is considered as ...second country in produce and export apricot drying production in the world. But unfortunately they usually had not the world standards. First step in this way is obtain new cultivars with high fruit quality. In order to produce new cultivars for drying, this research carried out during 1999 – 2004 as first phase of apricot breeding program to breed for cultivars emphasis on high soluble solids in Sahand Horticultural Research Station. In this study, cultivarsNasiri, Ordbad, Ghorban - e - Maraghe (as female parents) crosses with Dorosht - e - Malayer, Ghorban - e - Maraghe, Ghermez - e - Shahrood and Canino (as male parents). 420 seedling progenies obtained from this hybridization . After grown 30 to 50cm tall, they screening on the basis of tree type, t
ree vigor, shape of leaves and resistance diseases in greenhouse. Selected seedlings planted in the hybrid orchard with spacing 1m within rows and 4m between rows. The preliminary evaluation showed that there is very diversity among progenies and genotypesIn this year the hybrids AP128, AP109, AP124, AP107, AP106, AP105 and AP244 were early bearing also thay had high tree vigor and big area leaf. In second phase, the vegetative and reproductive characteristics will evaluate and record. Then promising selections propagate on same rootstocks and according statistical design planted in other orchard for finally tests.
A generalized concept in the Citrus genus is that highly polyembryonic varieties produce only a small number of hybrids. Small zygotic embryos congregate primarily near the micropyle, while nucellar ...embryos organize near or away from the micropyle. In the present study, the authors determined the number of polyembryonic seeds, embryos per seed, and the largest embryo (LE) position in five citrus cultivars: C35 citrange, Volkamer lemon, Amblycarpa mandarin, Minneola tangelo, and Valencia orange. The percentage of nucellar seedlings obtained exclusively from the LE per seed was then calculated. The polyembryony percentage varied largely between genotypes, from 65 to 98 %, and the mean number of embryos ranged from 2.9 to 4.6. The chalaza contained up to 87 % of the LE. Out of 30 primers, 17 Simple sequence repeats SSRs (AG14, ATC09, CAT01, CCSM147, CCSM18, CCSM13, CCSM4, F2, F4, F6, GT03, TAA41, TAA45, TAA1, F7, F11 and TAA52) identified nucellar plants identical to the female parent (genetic similarity index GSI value ≥ 0.95). This study establishes for the first time the relationship between the sexual or asexual origin of seedlings derived from LE embryos isolated from seeds and the SSR primers described above. While the five citrus cultivars had high polyembryony levels, 30 % of the resulting plants differed from the female parent in C35 Citrange, 45 % in Volkamer lemon, 15 % in Amblycarpa mandarin, 15 % in Valencia orange, and 45 % in Minneola tangelo. The largest seedling is not always nucellar: in the five citrus species studied, the LE produces 55 to 85 % of the nucellar embryos.
The prime objective of any hybrid program is to bring the desirable genes present in the parent into a single genetic background. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the parental ...performance at the experimental farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University. Nine A (male sterile) lines and Four R (restoral) lines were used here. To consider their performance various agronomic trait was selected and most emphasis was provide for plant height, days to maturity and other yield contributing character. The characters studied in this investigation exhibited low to moderate range of variability and heritability. Out of all RGBU0014A perform the height days to maturity then others. Although yield is more or less similar for the restorer parent, but considering other agronomic yield contributing trait RGBU003A, RGBU002A, RGBU009A can be selected to cross with superior restoral SL8 R and Mitali R to obtain ideal plant type.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (1): 46-50, June, 2017
A protocol for production of haploids from two heterozygous male sterile lines of
Tagetes erecta
using un-pollinated ovules as explant was standardized. Various factors affecting the in vitro ...gynogenic response viz
.
, growth regulators, ovule developmental stage, basal media, sucrose concentration, photoperiod and cold shock duration were assessed in
Tagetes erecta.
Direct induction of parthenogenic embryos occurred in cultivar ‘Local Orange’ when the un-pollinated ovules were cultured in EMS (MS medium enriched with coconut water, AgNO
3
, PVP etc.) medium supplemented with 2 mg l
−1
BAP and 0.5 mg l
−1
NAA or 2 mg l
−1
BAP along with 2 mg l
−1
2,4-D. The developmental stage of the flower buds was vital in embryo induction from the excised ovules. The ovules collected from half-open flower buds were more responsive to gynogenesis as compared to ovules collected from un-open and fully open flower buds. EMS basal medium was found best for gynogenesis over the other commercially available basal media. Cold pre-treatment of flower buds at 4 ºC had no stimulatory effect and negatively affected the gynogenesis. The dark culture condition was imperative for direct parthenogenic embryo induction than 16 h light duration. The ploidy levels of 17 regenerants were determined by cytological studies, revealed 47.06% as diploids, 41.18% as haploids and 11.76% as mixoploids. These results were reconfirmed with flow cytometry analysis. The determination of ploidy level by counting the number of chloroplasts in stomatal guard cells of marigold was also established for rapid screening of haploids. The resultant haploids were successfully diploidised and are being utilized in the hybrid breeding programme at our institute. The standardized protocol for doubled haploids (DHs) production by un-pollinated ovule culture paved the way for
Tagetes
F
1
hybrid breeding.
Key message
This is the first successful report of in vitro gynogenesis in
Tagetes
spp for production of doubled haploids (DHs). The protocol for obtaining high frequency parthenogenic embryo induction from unpollinated ovules was standardized and validated for rapid production of homozygous lines.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This study aimed to investigate the presence of maternal effect on the inheritance of flax seed coat color. Direct and reciprocal crosses were performed between four yellow flax seed lines and two ...brown flax seed cultivars. F1 and F2 populations of direct and reciprocal crosses were evaluated for coat color. Four F2 populations were selected for analysis of coat color in the F3 generation. The phenotypic segregation pattern was assessed by the chi-square test. The nuclear genotype of the female parent influenced all F1, F2, and F3 populations. F1 and F2 seeds were always equal to the phenotype of the female parent. F3 populations had a 3:1 ratio of plants producing yellow and brown seeds. The maternal effect resulted from the transfer of gene products from maternal cytoplasm to offspring, with evidence of the effect of a single gene with a dominant allele for the yellow phenotype.
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