Novel Specialty Optical Fibers and Applications focuses on the latest developments in specialty fiber technology and its applications. The aim of this reprint is to provide an overview of specialty ...optical fibers in terms of their technological developments and applications. Contributions include:1. Specialty fibers composed of special materials for new functionalities and applications in new spectral windows.2. Hollow-core fiber-based applications.3. Functionalized fibers.4. Structurally engineered fibers.5. Specialty fibers for distributed fiber sensors.6. Specialty fibers for communications.
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light beams with helical phase front, as an alternative spatial dimension resource of photons, has attracted extensive attention over the past decades. Very ...recently, OAM in fibers has facilitated rapid development of various fiber-based applications, such as optical communications, optical manipulation, optical sensing, optical imaging, nonlinear optics, and quantum science. Comprehensive and in-depth understanding of OAM in fibers is of great interest to researchers in this area. Here, we give a tutorial overview of OAM in fibers. We first introduce the basic theories, including the eigenmode analysis method, mode coupling theory, and spin-orbit mapping of light in fibers. We then give a detailed classification of OAM fibers and discuss versatile spatial mode bases in fibers. After that, we review various OAM fiber designs, including conventional single-mode fibers, conventional multi-mode fibers, ring-core fibers, air-core fibers, photonic crystal fibers, negative-curvature hollow-core fibers, multi-core fibers, active fibers (e.g. erbium-doped fibers), etc. Besides, we describe the state-of-the-art commercial fiber manufacturing processes as well as testing and characterization methods for OAM fibers. We also review various active and passive OAM fiber devices. Moreover, we introduce several typical advanced applications based on OAM fibers, such as capacity scaling fiber-optic communications, remote vectorial Doppler velocimetry, super-resolution optical imaging, and high-dimensional quantum cryptography. Finally, we briefly discuss future challenges and prospects of OAM in fibers.
Plant fibres, perceived as environmentally sustainable substitutes to E-glass, are increasingly being employed as reinforcements in polymer matrix composites. However, despite the promising technical ...properties of cellulose-based fibres and the historic use of plant fibre reinforced plastics (PFRPs) in load-bearing components, the industrial uptake of PFRPs in structural applications has been limited. Through an up-to-date critical review of the literature, this manuscript presents an overview on key aspects that need consideration when developing PFRPs for structural applications, including the selection of (I) the fibre type, fibre extraction process and fibre surface modification technique, (II) fibre volume fraction, (III) reinforcement geometry and interfacial properties, (IV) reinforcement packing arrangement and orientation and (V) matrix type and composite manufacturing technique. A comprehensive materials selection chart (Ashby plot) is also produced to facilitate the design of a PFRP component, based on the (absolute and specific) tensile properties.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Different from traditional cavity-based fiber lasers, well-defined resonant cavities are replaced by random feedback mechanisms for lasing generation in random fiber lasers (RFLs). Ever since the ...first demonstration in 2007, RFLs with unique advantages, such as structural simplicity, high efficiency, good wavelength flexibility, and high stability have attracted plenty of attention. Due to their superior properties, RFLs have been widely used to improve system performances of optical fiber communication (OFC) and optical fiber sensing (OFS). In this article, we conducted an overview of the applications of RFLs in OFC and OFS. We initially describe the basic operation principles and the typical properties of the RFLs. Then, the scenarios of the RFLs in the OFC systems are discussed, including random fiber lasing amplification (RFLA) techniques for extending signal transmission distance in long-haul OFC and OFS systems, static and dynamic point sensing based on RFLs, and RFL-based novel light sources for OFC and OFS applications.
Reduced coating diameter fibers (RCDF) are attractive for increasing fiber density in cables due to their compatibility with the standard 125 μm clad diameter. In this paper, we review recent ...progress on RCDF and present new modeling and experimental results. We developed microbending models to quantify both the intrinsic and extrinsic microbending sensitivities. Modeling results show that RCDF have lower intrinsic microbending sensitivity but higher extrinsic microbending sensitivity. We made RCDF with coating diameters from 125 to 175 μm. The fibers showed good attenuation on shipping reel, which confirms modeling results on intrinsic microbending. We performed microbending tests on RCDF to quantify their extrinsic microbending sensitivity. The extrinsic microbending results suggest that the microbending sensitivity of RCDF can be reduced by using softer primary coating materials and bend-insensitive fiber designs. We studied the mechanical properties of RCDF including fiber proof strength and puncture resistance. Fiber proof tests showed that fibers with coating diameter greater than 160 μm could pass the 100 kpsi proof test at similar break rates to 242 μm. Fiber puncture resistance could be improved by using better coating material designs. We also conducted a cable trial on a loose tube cable using RCDF with 160 and 170 μm coating diameters. It showed that the RCDF could increase the fiber density by more than 2 times without any microbending and fiber handling issues. Finally, we studied thin 125 μm coated fiber for making low-loss connectors with direct ferrule insertion without stripping the coating, which is promising to reduce fiber breaks and improve connector long term reliability.
A consequence of human purine metabolism is uric acid (UA). An abnormal amount of UA in serum and human urine have substantial clinical repercussions in the majority of individuals. Normal readings ...for the human body range from 3.5 to 7.2 mg/dL. In this work, single-mode fiber-multimode fiber-single-mode fiber (SMS) structure-based probe has been developed for sensing UA levels. The fabricated probe is immobilized using synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to improve the sensitivity. The surface plasmon (SP) excitation was induced at the surface of the fiber using AuNPs, which eventually produced the localized SP resonance (LSPR) phenomenon. Its sensitivity was further improved by coating with graphene oxide (GO). Thereafter, uricase enzyme functionalization further improved the detection of the sensor probe. A detailed analysis for the developed SMS probes was performed on parameters, such as sensitivity, linearity, response time, selectivity, reproducibility, and reusability.
Natural composites exhibit exceptional mechanical performance that often arises from complex fiber arrangements within continuous matrices. Inspired by these natural systems, we developed a ...rotational 3D printing method that enables spatially controlled orientation of short fibers in polymer matrices solely by varying the nozzle rotation speed relative to the printing speed. Using this method, we fabricated carbon fiber–epoxy composites composed of volume elements (voxels) with programmably defined fiber arrangements, including adjacent regions with orthogonally and helically oriented fibers that lead to nonuniform strain and failure as well as those with purely helical fiber orientations akin to natural composites that exhibit enhanced damage tolerance. Our approach broadens the design, microstructural complexity, and performance space for fiber-reinforced composites through site-specific optimization of their fiber orientation, strain, failure, and damage tolerance.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Multicore fibers (MCFs) are expected as a good candidate for overcoming the capacity limit of a current optical communication system. This paper describes the recent progress on the MCFs for ...space-division multiplexing to be utilized in future large capacity long-distance transmission systems. Tradeoff issue between low crosstalk and high core density in MCFs is presented and prospect of large-space multiplicity of MCFs is discussed.
Mineral oxide fibers of various chemical compositions are reviewed: aluminosilicate, alumina, silica, biosoluble, fibers made from zirconium oxide, and others. Methods for manufacturing discrete and ...continuous fibers are given, such as spinning fibers from melts, sol-gel technology, spinning from solutions of metal salts, and others. The physicochemical characteristics of mineral fibers are described and their applications are indicated, such as thermal insulation up to 1150 or 1000°C and high temperature filtration for aluminosilicate and biosoluble fibers; thermal insulation up to 1600 or 2000°C, and reinforcement of composites used in the aerospace and defense industries for alumina fibers and fibers based on zirconium dioxide, and so on. Manufacturers of mineral oxide-containing fibers and products based on them in and outside of Russia are indicated.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
10.
Crescent-Shaped Anti-Resonant Hollow Core Fiber Wang, Yingying; Deng, Haoping; Hong, Yifeng ...
IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics,
11/2024, Volume:
30, Issue:
6: Advances and Applications of Hollow-Core Fibers
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Antiresonant hollow-core fibers (AR-HCFs) have emerged as a groundbreaking fiber technology. However, an inherent tradeoff exists between birefringence, loss, and bandwidth in AR-HCF. Here we propose ...a crescent-shaped core AR-HCF that achieves significant birefringence through asymmetric shaping, without compromising loss or bandwidth characteristics. Simulation results show, at birefringence of 10 −5 level, a confinement loss below 0.1 dB/km over 600 nm bandwidth can be achieved. Alternatively, at 10 −4 level birefringence, a confinement loss below 1 dB/km over 300 nm bandwidth is viable. The crescent-shaped AR-HCF intrinsically offers the coveted combination of ultralow loss, wide bandwidth, and high birefringence that has eluded previous approaches. It holds the promise of enabling polarization maintaining light transmission across long fiber length and wide bandwidths, paving the way for versatile applications in nonlinear optics, interferometric sensing, and coherent communications that hope to capitalize on the advantages offered by hollow core guidance.
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