In-Flight Simulators (IFSs) require flight controllers, which mimic other aircraft's dynamics in a certain operation range, which is the problem addressed in this paper. The design problem of a ...linear parameter-varying type gain-scheduled flight controller, which simultaneously suppresses gust effect and reproduces low-and-middle frequency commands as IFS's motions in a certain speed range, for the lateral-directional motions of an airplane is addressed via linear matrix inequality formulation. Our controller performance is examined by flight tests.
Understanding the operator's cognitive workload is crucial for efficiency and safety in human–machine systems. This study investigated how cognitive workload modulates cardiac autonomic regulation ...during a standardized military simulator flight. Military student pilots completed simulated flight tasks in a Hawk flight simulator. Continuous electrocardiography was recorded to analyze time and frequency domain heart rate variability (HRV). After the simulation, a flight instructor used a standardized method to evaluate student pilot's individual cognitive workload from video-recorded flight simulator data. Results indicated that HRV was able to differentiate flight phases that induced varying levels of cognitive workload; an increasing level of cognitive workload caused significant decreases in many HRV variables, mainly reflecting parasympathetic deactivation of cardiac autonomic regulation. In conclusion, autonomic physiological responses can be used to examine reactions to increased cognitive workload during simulated military flights. HRV could be beneficial in assessing individual responses to cognitive workload and pilot performance during simulator training.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Advancement of brain-computer interface (BCI) has shown its applications in various scenarios, including flight control. Flight simulator is a crucial part for aircraft design or experiment. Desktop ...virtual reality (VR)-based flight is a perfect choice for overcoming existing problems in head-mounted VR flight simulations, such as dizziness and isolation, which make interaction and sharing very difficult. In this paper, a BCI based on the steady-state visual evoked potential paradigm and a VR flight simulator were developed and integrated. The performance of the developed system was evaluated quantitatively for comparative studies. Experimental results show that the developed system is very convenient and suitable for VR flight simulations. The average operating accuracies with plane and VR visual stimuli are 81.6% and 86.8%, respectively. The VR visual stimuli can improve the average operating accuracy by 5.2% compared with the plane visual stimuli.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Aircraft flight simulators have good cost efficiency, high reusability, and high flight safety. All airlines and aircraft manufacturing companies choose it as sophisticated training equipment for ...ground simulation, effectively reducing pilot training costs, ensuring personnel safety and aircraft wear and tear. The new simulator proposed in this paper combines a digital motion-cueing algorithm, flight software and motion platform to make pilots feel as if they are in the real world. By using EtherCAT technology to drive the motion-cueing platform, it can improve the data transmission speed of the simulator as well as the strong anti-interference ability of communication and the control operation efficiency. Therefore, the simulated flight subjects can perform long-distance and large-angle training. Next, a set of measurement systems was established to provide monitoring items including attitude, velocity and acceleration, which can be displayed on the screen and recorded on the computer in real time and dynamically. Finally, seven training subjects were implemented to demonstrate the feasibility and correctness of the proposed method.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Validation of the Fenix ASDEX Upgrade flight simulator.•Comparison of experimental and simulated data.•Fenix simulates the entire tokamak discharge.•Fenix simulates control system, actuators, ...diagnostics and tokamak plasma.
Fenix 1,2 is the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) flight simulator based on the 1-D transport code ASTRA coupled with the 2-D equilibrium solver 3 SPIDER and Simulink (simulation platform integrated with MATLAB). Fenix is designed to simulate the entire discharge from the ramp up of the poloidal field (PF) coils, through the plasma phase, finishing with the ramp down of the PF coils. Currently, controllers for position, shape, fuelling and heating are implemented according to the AUG control system setup. Also, a model of the poloidal field coils and the models of their corresponding power supplies are provided, as well as basic models of heating actuators such as electron cyclotron resonant heating (ECRH), neutral beam injection (NBI) and fuelling using either pellets or gas.
As a next step, the Fenix simulations have to be validated against an already existing database of the discharges. This article compares the behaviour of Fenix simulations against various AUG AUGAUGAUG discharge measurements. It shows that it succeeds in its goal as a comprehensive tokamak discharge simulator.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This article presents to develop a robust control system of spherical motion platform (SMP) capable of controlling six-degree-of-freedom motion, particularly unlimited rotational motion for better ...virtual reality. The SMP is the new design of a motion manipulator/simulator driven by the frictional force between a set of spherical wheels and cockpit sphere. However, it has intrinsic difficulties in control due to numerous uncertainties, including slipping motion between spherical wheels and cockpit sphere. Inaccurate motion control may degrade human perception as well as tracking performance. In this article, sliding mode control based on a disturbance observer is developed for the SMP to achieve precise motion tracking performance and provide a more realistic environment regardless of kinematic and dynamic uncertainties. Numerical simulation and experimental results with proportional-integral-differential and the robust controllers are compared for step and sinusoidal inputs to demonstrate the feasibility of motion control and tracking performance in spite of uncertainties. Finally, the SMP is operated using two representative flight maneuvers as a flight simulator. The results show that the SMP with the control system can be utilized to provide motion cue for a human on board for virtual reality.
Visual-orientation learning of a tethered flying bee was investigated using a flight simulator and a novel protocol in which orientation preference toward trained visual targets was assessed in tests ...performed before and after appetitive conditioning. Either a blue or a green rectangle (conditioned stimulus, CS) was associated with 30% sucrose solution (unconditioned stimulus, US), whereas the other rectangle was not paired with US. Bees were tested in a closed-looped flight simulator 5 min after ten pairings of the US and CS. Conditioned bees were preferentially oriented to the CS after such training. This increase in preference for CS was maintained for 24 h, indicating the presence of long-term memory. Because the total orienting time was not altered by conditioning, conditioning did not enhance orientation activity itself but increased the relative time for orientation to CS. When 0.4 or 4 mM epinastine (an antagonist of octopamine receptors) was injected into the bee’s head 30 min prior to the experiment, both short- and long-term memory formation were significantly impaired, suggesting that octopamine, which is crucial for appetitive olfactory learning in insects, is also involved in visual orientation learning.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract
A newly developed tool to simulate a tokamak full--discharge is presented. The tokamak "flight--simulator" Fenix couples the tokamak control system with a fast and reduced plasma model, yet ...realistic enough to take into account several of the plasma non--linearities. Distinguishing feature of this modeling tool is that it only requires the Pulse Schedule (PS) as input to the simulator. The output is a virtual realization of the full discharge, which time traces can then be used to judge if the PS satisfies control/physics goals or needs to be revised. This tool is thought for routine use in the control--room before each pulse is performed, but can also be used off--line to correct PS in advance, or to develop and validate reduced models, control schemes, and in general the simulation framework.
Practical evaluation of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) network requires a lot of money to build experiment environments, which includes UAVs, network devices, flight controllers, and so on. To ...investigate the time-sensitivity of the multi-UAV network, the influence of the UAVs’ mobility should be precisely evaluated in the long term. Although there are some simulators for UAVs’ physical flight, there is no explicit scheme for simulating both the network environment and the flight environments simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a novel co-simulation scheme for the multiple UAVs network, which performs the flight simulation and the network simulation simultaneously. By considering the dependency between the flight status and networking situations of UAV, our work focuses on the consistency of simulation state through synchronization among simulation components. Furthermore, we extend our simulator to perform multiple scenarios by exploiting distributed manner. We verify our system with respect to the robustness of time management and propose some use cases which can be solely simulated by this.
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This paper discusses the utilization of pilots' physiological indications such as electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, ocular parameters, and pilot performance-based quantitative metrics to ...estimate cognitive workload. The study aims to derive a non-invasive technique to estimate pilot's cognitive workload and study their correlation with standard physiological parameters. Initially, we conducted a set of user trials using well-established psychometric tests for evaluating the effectiveness of pupil and gaze-based ocular metrics for estimating cognitive workload at different levels of task difficulty and lighting conditions. Later, we conducted user trials with the NALSim flight simulator using a business class Learjet aircraft model. We analyzed participants' ocular parameters, power levels of different EEG frequency bands, and flight parameters for estimating variations in cognitive workload. Results indicate that introduction of secondary task increases pilot's cognitive workload significantly. The beta frequency band of EEG, nearest neighborhood index specifying distribution of gaze fixation, L1 Norm of power spectral density of pupil diameter, and the duty cycle metric indicated variations in cognitive workload.
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