Summary
Radermachera sinica (Hance) Hemsl., is illustrated. Its history is described, and its survival and flowering in cultivation in London are recorded.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
Coelogyne squamulosa is illustrated from a specimen flowering in cultivation. The history of its discovery and rediscovery in Borneo and its ecology are described. Related species are ...discussed and a detailed description of C. squamulosa is given.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Magnolia grandis , (Hu & W.C. Cheng) V.S. Kumar is illustrated. Its history and first flowering in cultivation are discussed. Its distribution in China and Vietnam is described.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Floral transition initiates reproductive development of plants and occurs in response to environmental and endogenous signals. In Arabidopsis thaliana, this process is accelerated by several ...environmental cues, including exposure to long days. The photoperiod-dependent promotion of flowering involves the transcriptional induction of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in the phloem of the leaf. FT encodes a mobile protein that is transported from the leaves to the shoot apical meristem, where it forms part of a regulatory complex that induces flowering. Whether FT also has biological functions in leaves of wild-type plants remains unclear.
In order to address this issue, we first studied the leaf transcriptomic changes associated with FT overexpression in the companion cells of the phloem. We found that FT induces the transcription of SWEET10, which encodes a bidirectional sucrose transporter, specifically in the leaf veins. Moreover, SWEET10 is transcriptionally activated by long photoperiods, and this activation depends on FT and one of its earliest target genes SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS OVEREXPRESSION 1 (SOC1). The ectopic expression of SWEET10 causes early flowering and leads to higher levels of transcription of flowering-time related genes in the shoot apex.
Collectively, our results suggest that the FT-signaling pathway activates the transcription of a sucrose uptake/efflux carrier during floral transition, indicating that it alters the metabolism of flowering plants as well as reprogramming the transcription of floral regulators in the shoot meristem.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Late flowering is a serious bottleneck in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) agriculture production. Although key genes governing flowering time have been reported in many species, the regulatory ...network of flowering in pumpkin remains largely obscure, thereby impeding the resolution of industry‐wide challenges associated with delayed fruit ripening in pumpkin cultivation. Here, we report an early flowering pumpkin germplasm accession (LXX‐4). Using LXX‐4 and a late flowering germplasm accession (HYM‐9), we constructed an F2 segregation population. A significant difference in FLOWERING LOCUS T‐LIKE 2 (FTL2) expression level was identified to be the causal factor of the flowering time trait discrepancy in LXX‐4 and HYM‐9. Moreover, we have shown that a 21 bp InDel in the FTL2 promoter was the key reason for the waxing and waning of its transcript level. The 21 bp deletion excluded a repressor‐AGL19 and recruited activators‐BBX7, WRKY40 and SVP to the FTL2 promoter in LXX‐4. Together, our data add a useful element to our knowledge which could be used to simplify breeding efforts for early‐maturing pumpkin.
Summary statement
An InDel in FTL2 promoter exclude repressor AGL19 and recruit activators BBX7, WRKY40 and SVP to the promoter, leading to increase of FTL2 transcript level and early floral initiation under short‐day conditions.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Many orchids are characterised by their so-called irregular flowering regime, which is an irregular sequence of flowering, dormant and sterile stages during the life of one individual (Curtis & Green ...1953, Tamm 1956, 1972, 1991, Wells 1967, 1981, 1994, Hutchings 1987, Firmage & Cole 1988, Inghe & Tamm 1988, Wells & Cox 1991, Willems & Bik 1991, Whigham & O’Neill 1991, Jones 1998, Hutchings et al. 1998, Willems & Melser 1998, Kindlmann 1999, Kindlmann & Balounová 1999a, 2001, Kindlmann et al. 2002). Here I would like to review alternative hypotheses that aim to explain this phenomenon.
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