The experiments were focused on testing fodder harvesting machines in order to establishing qualitative index, energetic and exploitation indexes for these units with Romanian tractors U-445 and ...U-651M. Researches were done on different fields, fodder, climate and soil slopes, effective realization of experiments and experimental data recording were made using the methodology approved by M.C.T. respecting ASAE and ETAMA norms. The effective productivity for rotary mower GMD-44 and rotary rake GRS-24 with U-445 tractor are bigger then Romanian agricultural machines for fodder plant harvesting. Self loading machine LW-220T Pico and Siloharvesting combine Vicon MH-90S Twin with U-651M tractor eliminate handling operations, a high quality of maize silo, but for Silo combine is recommended to use a tractor with a higher power (up to 80 HP).
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Fodder and straw harvesting units are equiped with material feeder of various designs which are applied for mass transportation from shredder. Transportation is carried out owing to action of ...centrifugal forces of the crushing drum and the air stream created by it. Thus, loss of the shredded mass on the way from a material feeder to the vehicle reach 15 percent. The main reason for the specified losses is blowing of mass particles from the air stream. A louver attachment of a new design decreases air stream intensity. The authors revealed possibility of losses reduction by the theoretical analysis and physical modeling of process of the air stream movement. Quasi-homogeneous substance inside a material feeder consists of the shredded straw and air which have density and pressure average on time and on canal section. To decrease air stream intensity the authors used the continuity and momentum equations. Thus, change of a substance mass expense or its density and speed was considered. This change was caused by separation of clean air. Tests of the developed material feeder showed that losses of the shredded straw were reduced by 40 percent. Thus a louver baffle fitted to the end of a material feeder decreased losses by 9 percent.
Article represents the problems of forming fodder machinery fleet of the agricultural organizations of Russian Federation. Structural analysis of acquisition and use of fodder machinery fleet by ...agricultural enterprises has been conducted. Competitive advantages of domestic and imported equipment on the Russian market of forage equipment have been substantiated. The directions of technical modernization of fodder production under the State program of agriculture development and regulation of the markets of agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020, taking into account the limitations of the WTO, have been suggested.
