Local wisdom stood as a cornerstone of Indonesia's cultural richness. Regrettably, this invaluable asset, particularly in the form of "translation products," was overlooked and underappreciated. ...Despite Indonesia boasting a substantial collection of Arabic religious texts translated into Javanese, utilizing the pegon script, these Arabic-Javanese texts demanded preservation, scholarly exploration, and development grounded in specific theoretical frameworks. This research undertook a comparative analysis of "cultural terms" within religious texts, focusing on al-Hikam aphorisms translated from Arabic (L1) into both Indonesian and Javanese (L2). The primary objective was to dissect and analyze the local wisdom and Islamic Sufism moral values embedded in al-Hikam aphorisms through translation. The study drew on translations of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences from carefully selected sources related to cultural terms, including books and various Arabic-Javanese translation dictionaries. Employing a purposive sampling method, data collection followed a meticulous process. Qualitative data analysis unfolded through four pivotal stages: (1) domain analysis, (2) taxonomy analysis, (3) componential analysis, and (4) cultural theme analysis. The findings, gleaned from lexicography study and semantic analysis of translation, revealed the existence of two translation ideologies shaping cultural terms in Arabic-Javanese religious texts: domestication ideology and foreignization ideology. This research underscored that translation products were inseparable from the ideological dimensions of foreignization and domestication. Foreignization endeavored to assimilate source language elements into the target language, while domestication integrated original components with local elements. This research contributed to a deeper understanding of how foreignization and domestication shaped the depiction of local wisdom in Arabic-Javanese religious texts.
This study aims to investigate using domestication and foreignization to render stylistic devices in two Arabic translations of Hemingway’s Men without Women, namely Farea’s translation and Nassar’s ...translation. The study follows the descriptive, analytical comparative method. The researcher applies a detailed descriptive content-based analysis of the ST stylistic devices at three levels: syntax, lexicology and graphology. The criteria of the study analysis are on two validated checklists of the ST stylistic devices and their translations alongside the procedures adopted by the translators. The study focuses on the applied procedures that identify the translators’ tendencies in using domestication or foreignization. Transliteration and literal translation are regarded as foreignization procedures whereas cultural substitution, adaptation, equivalence, paraphrase, modulation, transposition, omission and addition constitute domestication ones. To determine to what extent these two methods are utilized, frequencies and percentages are quantitatively provided. In light of the study's theoretical framework, data are gathered, categorized, and scrutinized. The results show that both domestication and foreignization are manifested in the two translations with different proportions. Farea’s translation favours domestication due to the great use of domesticating procedures particularly adaptation. Yet, Nassar’s translation prefers foreignization due to the higher usage of literal translation and transliteration.
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Translations of the same text might be different from one version to another based on the translation strategies that are used by the translator. By examining the translation strategies in the old ...and the new translations of a book titled The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential People in the World by Michael Hart, this research aims to analyze the different translation procedures, methods, and ideology used in the two versions. To conduct this research, the researcher uses the descriptive qualitative method with a purposive sampling technique. This research focuses on analyzing the first chapter about the biography of Prophet Muhammad and the fifth chapter about the biography of Confucius. The findings show that there are nine translation procedures used in both the old and the new translations. However, there is a difference in the dominant translation procedure and the frequency of the overall translation procedures. The dominant procedure in the old translation is expansion, while in the new translation is naturalization. The total frequency of the procedures in the new translation is also not as many as the old translation. Based on the procedures found, the old translation uses the communicative translation method and free translation method, while the new translation uses the faithful translation method and semantic translation method. This result shows that there is a shift of ideology between the old and the new translations, from domestication to foreignization.
The main line of comparative analysis within this study is to identify and explain (to the highest extent possible), some of the most scholarly relevant lexical and pragmatic discrepancies between ...three subsequent translations of Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice into Romanian. The focal points of inquiry are systematically centered on determining the level of efficiency and accuracy of each (re)translation in relation to specific Romanian linguistic principles and norms, as well as to universal knowledge of the source text. Additionally, by means of employing the terminological frame of reference and categorizing functions of the so-called Translation Modalities Method, each translation is placed onto either end of the translating continuum, that is more onto the domesticating or the foreignizing end. Ultimately, a global conclusion is drawn as to whether the (re)translations of Pride and Prejudice can indeed contribute to a better understanding of Jane Austen’s literary complexity and artistic subtleties in this particular case.
“Foreignization” of tumor cells via delivery of a non-self foreign antigen (Ag) into tumors is an appealing strategy to initiate anti-tumor immunity that can facilitate tumor rejection by ...pre-existing foreign-Ag–reactive T cells. However, the immune-suppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME) limit the durable and potent immune response of these cells against tumor antigens, stressing the need for improved tumor-foreignization strategies. Here, we demonstrate that blockade of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on both tumor cells and dendritic cells (DCs) can markedly potentiate the induction of tumor-reactive T cells, thereby strengthening the anti-tumor immunity ignited by tumor-foreignization. Specifically, we developed a polymeric nanoconjugate (PEG-HA-OVA/PPLs), consisting of siPD-L1-based polyplexes, PEGylated hyaluronic acid as the CD44-targeting moiety, and ovalbumin (OVA) as a model foreign antigen. Notably, PEG-HA-OVA/PPLs were simultaneously delivered into CD44high tumor cells and CD44high DCs, leading to efficient cross-presentation of OVA and downregulation of PD-L1 in both cell types. Importantly, the nanoconjugate not only allowed OVA-specific T cells to vigorously reject the foreignized tumor cells but also reprogrammed the TME to elicit robust T-cell responses specific to the endogenous tumor Ags, eventually generating long-lasting protective immunity. Thus, our combination strategy represents an innovative approach for the induction of potent tumor immunity via a two-step consecutive immune boost against exogenous and endogenous tumor Ags.
Schematic illustration of HA conjugate-mediated two-step immune booster to amplify tumor-reactive T cell responses. a In TMEs, induced expression of PD-L1 on CD44+ tumor cells and DCs constrain the PD-1+ effector T cell cytotoxic antitumor response. b Dual-target polymeric conjugate–based therapeutic strategy combined with immune checkpoint blockade (siPD-L1) triggered potent anti-tumor immunity in vivo and exerted strong anti-tumor efficacy, while simultaneously establishing long-term immunity against tumor recurrence. Display omitted
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Translation Studies (TS), as a discipline, contains many terms describing the translational dichotomies governing the choices of translators, with recent examples including domestication and ...foreignization. This paper reviews and discusses this binary, in order to demonstrate how the exclusive adoption of one or the other may impact on tresultant meaning in the target language (TL). It also proposes an alternative approach helping the translator to move between various approaches, with the aim of capturing meaning and delivering it in a native-like manner. This approach is known as hybridization – a blend of two independent approaches in TS – with its application determined by parameters stating when a translation should be source-oriented or target-oriented. All examples are drawn from The Holy Qur’an, i.e. the book most frequently translated from Arabic into English. It seeks to highlight the deficiency of an exclusive application of domestication or foreignization, and secondly, examine the efficacy of the hybridizing approach. The paper concludes that hybridization is both effective and meaning-oriented. The paper is qualitative and conceptual in nature. After a critical discussion of translation theories, the results are applied to a number of textual cases considered representative of mistranslated verses of The Holy Qur’an, that is, the interpretive paradigm to analyze multiple case studies. The results are then compared with the original text, followed by proposed alternative translations. Finally, there is a conclusion and recommendations.
This study aims to find out in-depth about the application of foreignization strategies in translating the Quran into Indonesian. The application of foreignization strategies in terms of meaning ...accuracy in the source language (SL) and target language (TL) as well as its suitability with the cultural context. The research method used is content analysis adapted from Krippendorff (1980). Based on an analysis of the foreignization strategy implemented by the Quran Translation Team of the Ministry of Religious Affairs (MoRA) of the Republic of Indonesia, it was found that 94 words and phrases were foreignized in the translation of Surah Al-Baqarah. Judging from the aspect of the accuracy of meaning, equivalence, and its use in Indonesian, the vocabulary is still accurate in meaning, as intended by the SL text and its users. However, some absorption vocabularies experience a shift in meaning, broad, narrow, general, and specific, as well as those containing good and bad values. Two factors influence the translator in implementing the foreignization strategy in the translation of the Quran, namely (a) the condition of the Quranic text, which is difficult to translate into Indonesian, and (b) the translator’s belief that foreign vocabulary retention (foreignization) can give the nuances of the authenticity of Arabic culture (Quran).
Translation Studies (TS), as a discipline, contains many terms describing the translational dichotomies governing the choices of translators, with recent examples including domestication and ...foreignization. This paper reviews and discusses this binary, in order to demonstrate how the exclusive adoption of one or the other may impact on tresultant meaning in the target language (TL). It also proposes an alternative approach helping the translator to move between various approaches, with the aim of capturing meaning and delivering it in a native-like manner. This approach is known as hybridization – a blend of two independent approaches in TS – with its application determined by parameters stating when a translation should be source-oriented or target-oriented. All examples are drawn from The Holy Qur’an, i.e. the book most frequently translated from Arabic into English. It seeks to highlight the deficiency of an exclusive application of domestication or foreignization, and secondly, examine the efficacy of the hybridizing approach. The paper concludes that hybridization is both effective and meaning-oriented. The paper is qualitative and conceptual in nature. After a critical discussion of translation theories, the results are applied to a number of textual cases considered representative of mistranslated verses of The Holy Qur’an, that is, the interpretive paradigm to analyze multiple case studies. The results are then compared with the original text, followed by proposed alternative translations. Finally, there is a conclusion and recommendations.
The research was aimed at investigating categories of Indonesian cultural terms translated into English, explaining techniques of applied translation, and analyzing foreignization and domestication ...ideologies applied in the translations of Indonesian cultural terms into English in the novel Gadis Pantai that translated into The Girl from the Coast. This research was conducted through descriptive-qualitative approach. The data were collected through document analysis including content analysis and thematic analysis. The results show that there are five categories of cultural terms identified in the novel which are translated by using 16 techniques of translation, including the applications of single and double techniques of translation. In addition to foreignization and domestication ideologies of translation, it is also revealed that there is also partial foreignization and partial domestication ideologies of translation since some of the Indonesian identified cultural terms are translated through combinations of two different techniques of translation; combinations of source-language- and target-language-oriented techniques of translation. The most frequently-applied ideology of translation is domestication (82,20%), followed by foreignization (9,82%), as well as partial foreignization and partial domestication (7,98%).
In response to the ever-growing globalization and intercultural exchange, the cultural aspects of translation are of the utmost importance. This article aims to examine and compare the translation ...procedures and strategies used to render culture-specific items, particularly realia and irrealia, in non-fiction and fiction texts. Realia, being culture-bound concepts in the real world, and irrealia, denoting similar concepts but in a fictional world, are challenging for translators since they have deep cultural ties. This study involves a translation analysis, comparative analysis, descriptive methods, and frequency calculations. This study employs a dataset of 400 culture-specific vocabulary items from the non-fiction book by L. Johnson What Foreigners Need to Know about America from A to Z and the apocalyptic novel Seveneves by N. Stephenson and their translations into Ukrainian. The analysis reveals that realia and irrealia are translated by employing different procedures, with calque being a popular choice for realia and contextual synonyms for irrealia. Notably, translation through neologisms has been found only in irrealia. Despite the contrast in translation procedures, both realia and irrealia were predominantly translated using a domestication strategy, boosting Ukrainian readers' cultural comprehension.
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