Math anxiety (MA) is a specific feeling of tension generated by the manipulation of numerical stimuli in daily life and academic situations (Richardson & Suinn, 1972). This condition has significant ...repercussions on the individual's life at personal, social, and economic level. Literature on the topic of MA alleviation, however, is still scarce. This study aims at contributing to this field by addressing MA prevention in school‐age children. We have developed two different training methods administered to two groups of fourth graders: (a) MA training focusing on identifying and copying with MA‐related feelings (N = 76); and (b) Math strategy training focusing on supplementary exercises to enhance calculation strategies (N = 76). We also carried out a Control training involving a range of activities, such as reading comic strips, describing characters in the story, and combining text and images to obtain an original narrative text (N = 72). We evaluated the differential effects of these training methods on MA, general anxiety, and math achievement before and after the training. Results indicate that MA training contributes to a decrease in MA level, although it does not appear to affect math achievement; Math strategy training, on the other hand, results in far transfer on a reduction of MA level as well as near transfer on the improvement of math achievement. Data are discussed in terms of specific mechanisms underlying each type of training method, and with specific focus on the evaluation of educational and developmental opportunities linked to MA prevention and improvement of math abilities in school‐age children.
This study aims at evaluating trainings to reduce math anxiety (MA) and improve math abilities. Results indicate that MA training contributes to a decrease in MA level, but only Math strategy training showed a reduction of MA level as well as an improvement of math abilities.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Written answers to open-ended questions can have a higher long-term effect on learning than multiple-choice questions. However, it is critical that teachers immediately review the answers, and ask to ...redo those that are incoherent. This can be a difficult task and can be time-consuming for teachers. A possible solution is to automate the detection of incoherent answers. One option is to automate the review with Large Language Models (LLM). They have a powerful discursive ability that can be used to explain decisions. In this paper, we analyze the responses of fourth graders in mathematics using three LLMs: GPT-3, BLOOM, and YOU. We used them with zero, one, two, three and four shots. We compared their performance with the results of various classifiers trained with Machine Learning (ML). We found that LLMs perform worse than MLs in detecting incoherent answers. The difficulty seems to reside in recursive questions that contain both questions and answers, and in responses from students with typical fourth-grader misspellings. Upon closer examination, we have found that the ChatGPT model faces the same challenges.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper communicates the mass transport on chemicalized fourth-grade fluid model propagating peristaltically through a curved channel in the presence of an external magnetic field. The normalized ...governing equations of mass, momentum, and concentration are simplified using lubrication approximations (i.e. “a long wavelength and small (or zero) Reynolds number”). The resulting equations are featuring the nonlinear third order derivative in axial velocity presenting contributions of the fourth-grade fluid model. Coordinate transformations have been employed to map the governing equations from fixed frame to wave frame. The obtained nonlinear boundary value problem is solved using a regular perturbation method and presented the expressions for velocity distribution, pressure gradient, and concentration distribution. Numerical results are explored using a computational software Mathematica. Trapping mechanism is also discussed by drawing streamlines. Streamlines have a vital importance in the analysis of fluid flow. The present model is beneficial in the study of intrauterine fluid dynamics as well as it is also applicable in vivo diagnostic, drug delivery, food diagnostic, protein chips, DNA chips, cell chips and packaging, i.e., smart sensors.
•Mass transport on chemicalized fourth-grade fluid has analyzed.•The curved channel is proposed for a physiological flow regime.•The effects of a radial magnetic field have taken into account.•Singular perturbation method has been used to obtain the solution.•The resulting solutions presented in the presence of the no-slip condition.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In present study the impacts of thermal radiation and Joule heating for MHD peristaltic motion of fourth-grade nanoliquid in a channel are addressed. Elastic characteristics of channel walls are ...studied. Velocity, concentration and thermal slip effects are imposed. Furthermore the influences of viscous dissipation, heat source /sink and chemical reaction in modelling are retained. Nanofluid model consisting of thermophoresis and Brownian motion is employed. Mathematical formulation is developed by adopting long wave length and low Reynolds number. Numerical technique is used for finding the solutions of the governing problem. Comprehensive study of emerging flow variables for velocity, temperature, concentration of nanoparticles, heat transfer coefficient and trapping is addressed graphically. Moreover the results for skin friction coefficient and Sherwood number are also examined.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Help fourth grade students improve their spelling skills with fun and effective daily practice activities. Focusing on 15 words each week, students will learn spelling rules, patterns, and vocabulary.
This article brings into focus the hybrid effects of thermal and concentration convection on peristaltic pumping of fourth grade nano fluids in an inclined tapered channel. First, the brief ...mathematical modelling of the fourth grade nano fluids is provided along with thermal and concentration
convection. The Lubrication method is used to simplify the partial differential equations which are tremendously nonlinear. Further, analytical technique is applied to solve the differential equations that are strongly nonlinear in nature, and exact solutions of temperature, volume fraction
of nanoparticles, and concentration are studied. Numerical and graphical ndings manifest the influence of various physical flow-quantity parameters. It is observed that the nanoparticle fraction decreases because of the increasing values of Brownian motion parameter and Dufour parameter, whereas
the behaviour of nanoparticle fraction is quite opposite for thermophoresis parameter. It is also noted that the temperature profile decreases with increasing Brownian motion parameter values and rises with Dufour parameter values. Moreover, the concentration profile ascends with increasing
thermophoresis parameter and Soret parameter values.
Writing proficiency facilitates higher achievement in educational and professional endeavors, yet most students fail to meet national writing benchmarks by the end of high school. Attentional control ...and overall reading skill are documented to result in better writing quality; however, most research on these relationships has focused on early elementary students (K–3rd grade. This project evaluated the relationship between attentional control, hyperactivity-impulsivity, word reading, and reading comprehension to overall writing performance on a high-stakes writing test. Participants included 266 fourth-grade struggling readers who completed the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior (SWAN; Swanson et al., 2001, 2012) for attentional control and hyperactivity-impulsivity, the Woodcock-Johnson III (WJ-III; Woodcock et al., 2001) Letter-Word Identification test for word reading, the WJ-III Passage Comprehension test for reading comprehension, and the State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness (STAAR) writing test for overall writing. Hyperactivity-impulsivity was not related to word reading (β = 0.02, p > .05), reading comprehension (β = 0.06, p > .05), or writing (β = 0.14, p > .05), whereas attentional control (β = 0.51, p < .01) and reading comprehension (β = 0.55, p < .001) contributed to overall writing. Reading comprehension (β = 0.55, p < .01) had a greater impact on writing than word reading (β = 0.13, p > .05), which suggests that as academic rigor increases in the upper elementary school grades (4th grade and higher), basic skills are less predictive of success on complex tasks such as writing. Implications for increasing writing proficiency through research and practice are discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The problem of peristaltic transport of an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid in a tapered asymmetric channel is debated under long-wavelength and low-Reynolds number assumptions. The fluid is ...considered to be fourth order and electrically conducting by a transverse magnetic field. The tapered asymmetry in the flow is induced by taking peristaltic wave imposed on the non uniform boundary walls to possess different amplitudes and phase. Series solutions for stream function, axial velocity and pressure gradient are given using regular perturbation technique, when Deborah number is small. Numerical computations have been performed for the pressure rise per wavelength. Influences of different physical parameters entering into the problem have also been discussed in detail.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This research investigates the mathematical understanding of fourth-grade students on plane materials using interactive multimedia. Qualitative methods and a descriptive approach are applied to ...students at MI Ar Rahmah, Bengle Village, Majalaya, during the academic year 2020/2021. Sampling and mathematical comprehension tests are conducted on rectangular and triangular plane materials. The results reveal three levels of understanding: high (47%), medium (21%), and low (32%). The analysis shows that high and medium-level students fulfill indicators with errors, while low-level students only meet the concept application indicator. Student interviews uncover difficulties in grasping concepts, including recognizing objects and modeling mathematical statements. Hence, improved teaching methods are needed to enhance students' mathematical understanding, particularly in plane materials. Further research is recommended to explore effective strategies for reducing mathematical anxiety and enhancing students' conceptual understanding.
This research aims to investigate the main features of the ciliary flow of fourth‐grade fluid in a curved channel. The fluid is considered electrically conducting with a radial magnetic field effect. ...The constitutive relation for energy is formulated with the addition of viscous dissipation and thermal radiation. The governing system of coupled partial differential equations with extremely nonlinear expressions is simplified using the long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. The numerical outcomes of simplified normalized equations are obtained using the finite difference method incorporating the relaxation algorithm. The numerical outcomes regarding the influences of several physical parameters on the temperature, velocity, pumping characteristics, and stream function are examined through graphs. The outcomes reveal that fluid velocity diminishes by enhancing the magnetic parameter. Also, the temperature is enhanced by enhancing the values of the Brickman number. The current model has been used in bioengineering processes, microfluidics, and drug delivery systems.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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