Crystals in the Colony Martinez, Diana Jean
Architectural theory review,
09/2022, Volume:
26, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This article examines the Crystal Arcade, the project of a little-known architect, Andrés Luna, read through the lens of Walter Benjamin's contemporaneous Passagenwerk, at the same time as it is ...described within the complex context of Luna's own family history-one entangled with the tragic history of the First Philippine Republic. It uses Benjamin's "literary montage" to conjure the spectral presence of the colonial-cosmopolitan subject within his manuscript. I contend that the Crystal Arcade cannot be properly understood outside of a transnational framework and network, or without considering the conditions under which a colonial-cosmopolitan consciousness formed. Situating the Crystal Arcade and the Passagenwerk within this transnational milieu is intended to allow the reader to locate an often too marginalized history within the heart of the nineteenth-century global metropolis while at the same time allowing us to place that history at the forefront of the theorization of the global city.
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The history of anthropology has been written from multiple viewpoints, often from perspectives of gender, nationality, theory, or politics.Before Boasdelves deeper into issues concerning ...anthropology's academic origins to present a groundbreaking study that reveals how ethnology and ethnography originated during the eighteenth rather than the nineteenth century, developing parallel to anthropology, or the "natural history of man."
Han F. Vermeulen explores primary and secondary sources from Russia, Germany, Austria, the United States, the Netherlands, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, France, and Great Britain in tracing how "ethnography" was begun as field research by German-speaking historians and naturalists in Siberia (Russia) during the 1730s and 1740s, was generalized as "ethnology" by scholars in Göttingen (Germany) and Vienna (Austria) during the 1770s and 1780s, and was subsequently adopted by researchers in other countries.
Before Boasargues that anthropology and ethnology were separate sciences during the Age of Reason, studying racial and ethnic diversity, respectively. Ethnography and ethnology focused not on "other" cultures but on all peoples of all eras. Following G. W. Leibniz, researchers in these fields categorized peoples primarily according to their languages. Franz Boas professionalized the holistic study of anthropology from the 1880s into the twentieth century.
The paper presents an overview of some major paradigmatic and thematic currents developing in ethnology (or ethnologies) in what used to be Yugoslavia and after the breakup of this country; these ...processes are discussed also by monitoring the evolution of institutions and through dynamics in numerously small disciplinary communities of ethnologists/anthropologists. After almost a hundred years of relatively slow paradigmatic, yet intensive institutional development, ethnological communities in this part of Europe accelerated their uplift in the last quarter of the 20th century with their theoretical modernization (sometimes also coined ?anthropologization?), which is in the most recent times followed by acceleration in overall scholarly production (bordering on proliferation), of research topics and outputs (which can also be dubbed as ?projectification?), much in line with trends enveloping in the global scientific markets. The paper calls upon a renewed collaboration between academic and museological anthropology as a potential impetus for increasing the discipline?s local relevance and for the creation of new research areas.
Cet article rappelle comment les études urbaines furent marginalisées lors de l’émergence de l’ethnologie institutionnelle en Albanie au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, au profit des études ...rurales qui correspondaient mieux à la valorisation idéologique du « populaire » et de l’« authentique ». Certaines enquêtes furent cependant menées en milieu urbain et trois textes importants concernant les villes de Tirana, Elbasan et Korçë sont analysés ici. Malgré leurs limitations, dues en grande partie à l’orientation donnée à l’ethnologie par les institutions, ces travaux possèdent aujourd’hui une valeur historique et offrent des perspectives stimulantes pour le développement actuel des études urbaines.
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6.
Precursors of Sociolinguistic Typology Jahr, Ernst Håkon; Kilarski, Marcin
European journal of Scandinavian studies,
04/2023, Volume:
53, Issue:
1
Journal Article
This paper examines the contribution of the Norwegian historian, politician, and ethnologist Ludvig Kristensen Daa (1809–1877) to the study of the Indigenous languages of North America. We focus on ...his accounts of sound systems, where he argued that North American languages are characterized by greater linguistic diversity, small consonant inventories and gaps in inventories, unusual sounds, and indistinct pronunciation of consonants. Daa attributed these features to the use of the languages in small and isolated communities, thus anticipating more recent discussions in which the degree of linguistic complexity is attributed to social and demographic factors. While some of his claims reflect methodological shortcomings of pre-20th-century phonetic study, the factors which according to Daa shape languages spoken in isolation are analogous to the parameters now examined by typologists, thus providing a sense of continuity across centuries in the links sought between structural diversity among languages and external factors.
U radu se prikazuje jedna kraća epizoda iz povijesti etnologije međuratnoga razdoblja (1918. – 1941.) vezana uz pokušaj pokretanja središnje strukovne udruge jugoslavenskih etnologa, svojevrsne ...preteče Etnološkoga društva Jugoslavije koje će biti osnovano 1957. godine. Na temelju analize korespondencije Milovana Gavazzija sa srpskim etnologom Milenkom Filipovićem naslovnoj će se temi pokušati pristupiti iz perspektive intelektualne historije. Tom prilikom će se rad na osnutku etnološkoga društva promatrati kao pokazatelj intelektualne angažiranosti Gavazzija i Filipovića u međuraću.
Resumo Este artigo é uma contribuição à história da etnologia e à antropologia do conhecimento. Ele analisa parte da trajetória biográfica do antropólogo norte-americano William D. Hohenthal Jr., ...interessando-se particularmente pelas circunstâncias que levaram este autor a realizar uma pesquisa empírica junto aos povos indígenas do Nordeste do Brasil, na década de 1950. Hohenthal Jr. foi um pioneiro: até então, pouco se sabia sobre esses povos e era comumente aceito que não existiam mais índios nessa região. Ele publicou dados históricos e etnográficos essenciais para gerações de pesquisadores e para os povos de hoje. Uma análise sobre a troca de cartas entre William Hohenthal Jr. e Robert Lowie, principalmente, nos ajuda a entender a elaboração de seu projeto de pesquisa, sob vários pontos de vista inédito. Isso nos permite considerar tal pesquisa realizada sob o ângulo de uma construção minuciosa, de um projeto inovador que foi necessário defender. Hohenthal Jr. preparou essa pesquisa no Nordeste a partir de 1945, passou por mal-entendidos com Lowie, enfrentou a falta de conhecimentos de Wagley na atribuição de uma bolsa, entre muitas outras peripécias.
Abstract This paper is a contribution to the history of ethnology and the anthropology of knowledge. It analyzes a part of the biographic itinerary of the North American anthropologist William D. Hohenthal Jr. and is particularly focused on the circumstances that entailed him to carry out empirical researches among indigenous peoples in the Northeast region of Brazil in the 50s. Hohenthal Jr. was a pioneer: until then, little was known about these peoples and it was commonly assumed that there was no more indigenous in this region. He published historical and ethnographical data that still essentials for researchers and indigenous peoples. An analysis of the correspondence exchanges between, principally, William Hohenthal Jr. and Robert Lowie helps us to understand the elaboration of a research proposal in many ways unprecedented. It allows us to consider Hohenthal Jr.’s work from the angle of its meticulous construction, as groundbreaking proposal that it was necessary to defend. Hohenthal Jr. prepared his fieldwork in the Northeast region of Brazil since 1945, passed on misunderstandings with Lowie, faced the lack of knowledge of Wagley during the attribution of a fellowship, among other incidents.
This paper presents a short episode from the history of ethnology during the interwar period (1918-1941) related to an attempt to found a professional association of Yugoslav ethnologists, which ...would have been a forerunner to the Ethnological Society of Yugoslavia, which was to be founded later in 1957. Based on an analysis of Milovan Gavazzi's correspondence with Serbian ethnologist Milenko Filipović, this topic will be approached from the perspective of intellectual history. On this note, work to establish an ethnological society will be viewed as an indicator of the intellectual involvement of both Gavazzi and Filipović during the interwar period.
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