Administrative history was for a long period of time a field neglected by historians. Successful leaders, major battles or important events were more attractive for those who recorded the history of ...humanity than the unspectacular day by day work of some clerks. But although we know relatively few things about the public administration of ancient Egypt or ancient China, or about the administrative systems developed by the successive empires that dominated the Persian Gulf area, often known as the „fertile crescent”, we may have the certainty that the vast projects undertaken by those civilizations could not be possible without the existence of a performant public administration. The purpose of this article is to unfold de factors that influenced the development of public administration over time and over empires, and their legacies for the current public administration.
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Effectively linking public administration theory to practical relevance has proven a difficult task. We argue, however, that the theory–practice conundrum is but a symptom of a more fundamental ...problem in public administration: the hollowing out of the field. Despite research advances, hollowing occurs because of the field’s conceptually muddled and decontextualized normative pillars, problematic macrodynamic foundations, and imbalanced scaffolding for integrating its multiple research narratives and methodologies efficaciously for both scholars and practitioners. To illustrate our points, we first critique the logic and empirical basis of two major pillars of public administration: efficiency and social equity. We then show how and why the field also has problematic macrodynamic foundations due to its failure to incorporate important developments in cognate fields related to administrative history, contexts, and processes. We next offer a problem-centered organizational framework for the field to help address the scaffolding problem in public administration.
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This article is primarily a study in the history of the concept of efficiency. It is argued that efficiency originated in Aristotelian ideas about causality and acquired a broad, substantive meaning ...of “moving force.” This meaning of the term was dominant well into 20th-century studies of public administration. In the course of the 20th century, however, efficiency became predominantly understood as “technical efficiency”: a ratio between resources and results. This connotation is especially clear in the explicit “textbook” definitions of efficiency. Nevertheless, we claim that the substantive meaning of efficiency is still around, and even at the heart of much criticism of efficiency. Technical efficiency obscures that efficiency in public administration is to be assessed in the light of public values. Efficiency as signifying the necessity of having capable operative administrative agents constitutes one of the, if not the, core value of the field.
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Resumo: Nos últimos anos, diversas iniciativas isoladas assinalam a redescoberta da história da administração pública e a utilidade do seu estudo para a compreensão do Estado contemporâneo como ordem ...social, instituição e representação. Esses trabalhos representam um avanço com relação à produção historiográfica publicada até os anos 1980. Entretanto, ainda persistem fragilidades conceituais e metodológicas que pouco a pouco começam a ser superadas. Além disso, uma das maiores dificuldades dos pesquisadores que se engajam nesse esforço é a identificação e o acesso a fontes mais diversificadas para a elaboração de uma nova história da administração pública, baseada nos avanços da historiografia mais recente. Este artigo se propõe a discutir pressupostos teórico-metodológicos para o desenvolvimento dessa nova história e contribuir para a identificação, apresentação e análise dessas fontes. A partir da indicação desses pressupostos, do estabelecimento de uma periodização da história do Estado brasileiro e da identificação de temas emergentes, foram definidas seis categorias em que as fontes podem, num primeiro momento, ser enquadradas para agrupar temas, acervos ou bases de dados, a saber: repertório das leis sobre organização governamental; falas do trono e mensagens presidenciais; relatórios do TCU; estatísticas; arquivos pessoais; histórias de vida. O levantamento não pretende apresentar fontes totalmente inéditas nem ser exaustivo, mas oferecer pistas para a utilização de materiais ainda muito poucos usuais em estudos sobre história da administração pública.
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Public policy and public administration Marta Ferreira Santos Farah
Revista de administração pública (Rio de Janeiro),
05/2011, Volume:
45, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The paper focus on the incorporation of public policy (PP) by public administration (AP), in the US and in Brazil. The paper is based upon an analysis of: a) studies about the development of PA as ...well as about PP; b) the presence of public policy as a subject in PA's journals and c) master programs on PA and on PP. The paper shows that PA in the beginning didn't include PP as its subject, due to the paradigm of the discipline, which dissociated administration and politics. But, in the sixties and seventies, the policy analysis movement was followed by the creation of schools and courses of PP and by the reform of the programs on PA. These programs include since then public policy analysis in its curricula and the new programs of PP include disciplines on management. In Brazil, the inclusion of PP as a subject by PA occurred at the same time as it occurred in the US, under the influence of this country. This inclusion reflected, nevertheless, Brazilian specificities such as the emphasis on development and on planning, the context of an authoritarian regime and the tension associated with the institutional insertion of the programs of PA: in Brazil the links between the courses of public administration with schools of business were responsible for a dilution of the identity of the PA subject, affecting the development of the field of public policy inside this discipline.
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This study examined outcomes of public service education in Pakistan. Building on existing models for assessing such programs, we evaluated short-term, intermediate, and long-term outcomes. MPA ...student perceptions were recorded from the two universities of Pakistan offering the largest MPA programs. Short-term outcomes were encouraging: Students showed higher levels of satisfaction with program goals, curriculum, and instructional techniques. Results of intermediate outcomes also are promising: Students showed complete satisfaction with learning and building competencies required in the workplace. Results of long-term outcomes, however, indicate a challenge. Although long-term outcomes are not easy to assess, examining them in a South Asian country characterized by a politicized bureaucracy and centralized public administration authority is even more challenging. The public affairs administrative systems and education programs work in isolation in Pakistan. Students reported a strong desire to develop systems that encourage them using the knowledge and skills they acquired during their MPA programs.
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À partir de deux opérations d’agrandissement de ville au XVIIe siècle (Aix en 1646, Marseille en 1666), cette recherche vise à comprendre les modalités concrètes de production de l’espace urbain sous ...l’Ancien Régime, à la fois au plan humain et matériel. Cette étude débute au ras du sol, à l’échelle la plus fine de la matérialité urbaine, à savoir le parcellaire. À partir d’une réflexion croisée autour des droits du sols et du marche de l’immobilier, l’enjeu ici est de mieux comprendre le poids des structures et des mécanismes juridiques privés dans les processus de fabrique de la ville. Changeant d’échelle d’analyse, un ensemble d’interrogations liées au domaine de l'économie du bâtiment permet de mettre en évidence les modalités économiques, sociales et juridiques qui entourent les chantiers de la construction. Le but ici est à la fois de dégager les règles cadrant l'activité constructive, et de déterminer les contours de la pratique des individus dans ce domaine. Cet axe induit une réflexion autour de la structuration à la fin du XVIIe siècle d’un ordre public constructif. Enfin, cette recherche aborde dans un troisième temps l’espace urbain dans son ensemble le plus vaste, à la fois sur le plan matériel et administratif. À partir des cadres politiques et institutionnels sollicités et déployés pour mener à bien ces opérations, c’est la question de l’intégration et de la gestion de ces nouveaux espaces à l'ordre urbain existant qui nous préoccupe.
From two city expansion operations in the seventeenth century (Aix in 1646, Marseille in 1666), this research aims to understand the practical arrangements for production of urban space under the old regime, both in human terms and equipment.This study begins at ground level at the finest scale of urban materiality, the plot. From a cross-reflection on the rights of the land and property market, the challenge here is to understand the weight of structures and private legal mechanisms in urban process.Changing scale of analysis, a set of questions related to the building of the economy domain allows to highlight the economic, social and legal conditions surrounding the sites of construction. The goal here is both to identify the rules framing constructive activity and to determine the contours of the practice of individuals in this area. This axis induces a reflection on the structuration of a constructive public order at the end of the seventeenth century.Finally, this research addresses urban space in its larger whole, both hardware and administratively. From the institutional and public frameworks to carry out these operations, the issue of integration and management of these new spaces to the existing urban order came up.
In Japanese public administration, the word “efficiency” has historically been translated as “noritsu”. However, in recent years it is now often generally translated as “koritsu”. This change was ...effected by the vogue of New Public Management. Although both “noritsu” and “koritsu” are equivalents of the term “efficiency”, people are not aware that “koritsu” is a new concept and is used as a keyword of the administrative reform in Japan. “Efficiency” itself is not integrally defined in each discipline. For example, in the history of public administration, the concept varies by the times was praised and was criticized. Thus, regardless of whether “noritsu” or “koritsu” is used, if people who are concerned with “public” as well as statesmen and civil servants use it as an evaluation standard for policy, programs and projects, it is essential for them to define the concept clearly and discuss its merit and deficiencies in advance.
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