Contact tracing is intended to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but it is difficult to conduct among people who live in congregate settings, including people experiencing ...homelessness (PEH). This analysis compares person-based contact tracing among two populations in Salt Lake County, Utah, from March–May 2020.
All laboratory-confirmed positive cases among PEH (n = 169) and documented in Utah's surveillance system were included in this analysis. The general population comparison group (n = 163) were systematically selected from all laboratory-confirmed cases identified during the same period.
Ninety-three PEH cases (55%) were interviewed compared to 163 (100%) cases among the general population (P < .0001). PEH were more likely to be lost to follow-up at end of isolation (14.2%) versus the general population (0%; P-value < .0001) and provided fewer contacts per case (0.3) than the general population (4.7) (P-value < .0001). Contacts of PEH were more often unreachable (13.0% vs. 7.1%; P-value < .0001).
These findings suggest that contact tracing among PEH should include a location-based approach, along with a person-based approach when resources allow, due to challenges in identifying, locating, and reaching cases among PEH and their contacts through person-based contact tracing efforts alone.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We analyzed data from a cohort of Black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) in order to identify correlates of prevalent and incident incarceration, including potential predictors related to ...their status as sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). Baseline and follow-up self-administered survey data were examined from Los Angeles County participants' ages 18-45 years at enrollment who were either HIV negative or living with HIV, but recruited to over represent men who used drugs and men with unsuppressed HIV infection. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to identify predictors of baseline incarceration history and of incident incarceration over study follow-up among 440 and 338 participants, respectively. Older age, Black race, low socioeconomic status, homelessness, stimulant use, and depression symptoms were associated with baseline incarceration history. The only SGM-related factor associated with baseline incarceration history was having experienced violence based on sexual orientation identity. Just one statistically significant, independent positive predictor of incident incarceration was identified: prior incarceration, whereas having four or more friends that could lend money was a statistically significant protective factor against incident incarceration. Fundamental Cause Theory provides a useful framework to explain identified predictors of incarceration. Addressing poverty, housing instability, inadequate access to health care, and their root causes is critical to reducing incarceration rates in this population, as is expanded access to both diversion and anti-recidivism programs and to evidence-based treatment for stimulant use disorders.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
People experiencing homelessness are particularly vulnerable to experiencing stressful life events (SLEs) at some point in their lives; these SLEs are crucial for understanding the etiology and ...maintenance of homelessness. This study analyses the differences between men and women experiencing homelessness in the suffering of SLEs throughout their lives (childhood, adolescence, and adulthood). The sample consisted of a group of 293 people experiencing homelessness in Madrid (Spain): 156 men and 137 women. The results suggest that the number and type of SLEs experienced by men and women are different. In general, women experiencing homelessness suffer more SLEs than men in all periods of their lives. The differences in the level of sexual violence in childhood, sexual abuse in adulthood, and abuse by a spouse or partner are particularly striking. However, men experiencing homelessness score significantly higher than women for alcohol abuse, police complaints, arrest, and imprisonment throughout their lives. These findings have significant implications for the design of interventions and social policies that should be tailored to the specific needs of men and women who are homeless.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study reassessed risks that researchers have identified as predicting homelessness among families in New York City. These risks form the basis of a screening tool called the Risk Assessment ...Questionnaire (RAQ). It is used by NYC's homelessness prevention program, Homebase, to determine services to provide families. An RAQ score of 7 or above, on a 25-point scale, indicates high risk and greater service needs. This study's logistic regression model identified five indicators that increased odds of shelter entry among 9630 Homebase family clients from 2016 to 2019 (12 % entered shelters): having a child less than two years old; discord with one's landlords; being in an institution, or shelter, recently; and having been in a shelter as an adult; or as a child. This study also identified combinations of client risks, using Latent Class Analysis. Two groups most likely to enter shelters (7.5 % of the sample) also had the highest rates of experiences in institutions or shelters and moving frequently, with one of these registering the highest rate of childhood trauma. This study recommends implementing a state program that covers childcare costs for vulnerable families, which could address risks that children of single mothers face to future instability.
•Risks among vulnerable NYC families of entering homeless shelters increase iwhen female household heads have prior histories living f in an institution or shelter.•High risk clients of homelessness prevention programs include families that are headed by women that have experienced abuse during childhood and home discord as an adult.•Families that achieve housing stability include those that are headed by women who experienced childhood setbacks i and received public assistance in early life and adulthood.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Date Presented 04/05/19
A systematic review was conducted. A search located 14 studies that met inclusion criteria. Six studies examined occupational needs, and eight studies measured ...success of interventions. Each was appraised using the McMasters Guidelines. Levels of evidence were also determined. Preliminary analysis indicated three studies at high levels of evidence and six of eight intervention studies having statistically significant findings that support the role of OT working with this population.
Primary Author and Speaker: Joseph Cipriani
Additional Authors and Speakers: Orley Templeton
Introduction: Homelessness is one of the important issues of urban life in the last two decades.. It seems that society's concerns for the problem of homelessness and not finding a solution to solve ...it have led to turning to stigma: The violence against the homeless, the criminalization of homelessness, the invisibility of the homeless and using terms such as vagabond and drug addict. Media coverage plays an important role in the stigmatization and de-stigmatization of homelessness. Method: To study the status of stigma (components, management and types of stigma) in radio programs related to homelessness, six programs were analyzed based on semiotic analysis, as one of the widely used methods in qualitative research of media texts. Findings: The findings show that addiction and inappropriate appearance are highlighted as a "mark" and addict as a "group labeling" of homelessness. The stigma of "peril" is very prominent in the programs with the presence of informants and experts, and various types of harm, including crime and theft, the spread of addiction, disease, and identity less children, and the destruction of the spirit of society are attributed to this group. Stigma management in programs with the presence of homeless people is through "self-disclosure" and "masking", while stigma management in programs with the presence of informants and professionals is through two methods of "hiding" and "displacement". Discussion: Despite the fact that in radio programs, the issues and problems of homelessness are not raised much, and the problem of addiction is mostly highlighted, and the issues related to poverty and the form of residence are not considered, but a space is provided for the homeless to talk about their personal experiences and for organizations to introduce their services. These conversations help to fade some stigmas and help people get to know each other more.
In Memoriam Diaz, Tomas
Patient education and counseling,
June 2020, Volume:
103, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
•In the emergency department, continuity of care is constant.•ED high utilizers have social needs unmet and limited places to turn for help.
In the emergency department, continuity of care is ...constant. ED high utilizers have social needs unmet and limited places to turn for help.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
One of the most troubling aspects of the politics of homelessness, Leonard C. Feldman contends, is the reduction of the homeless to what Hannah Arendt calls the abstract nakedness of humanity and ...what Giorgio Agamben terms bare life. Feldman argues that the politics of alleged compassion and the politics of those interested in ridding public spaces of the homeless are linked fundamentally in their assumption that homeless people are something less than citizens. Feldman's book brings political theories together (including theories of sovereign power, justice, and pluralism) with discussions of real-world struggles and close analyses of legal cases concerning the rights of the homeless. In Feldman's view, the bare life predicament is a product not simply of poverty or inequality but of an inability to commit to democratic pluralism. Challenging this reduction of the homeless, Citizens without Shelter examines opportunities for contesting such a fundamental political exclusion, in the service of homeless citizenship and a more robust form of democratic pluralism. Feldman has in mind a truly democratic pluralism that would include a pluralization of the category of home to enable multiple forms of dwelling; a recognition of the common dwelling activities of homeless and non-homeless persons; and a resistance to laws that punish or confine the homeless.
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