Hispanics/Latinos are the largest ethnic minority in the United States—but they are far from being a homogenous group. Mexican Americans in the Southwest have roots that extend back four centuries, ...while Dominicans and Salvadorans are very recent immigrants. Cuban Americans in South Florida have very different occupational achievements, employment levels, and income from immigrant Guatemalans who work in the poultry industry in Virginia. In fact, the only characteristic shared by all Hispanics/Latinos in the United States is birth or ancestry in a Spanish-speaking country. In this book, sixteen geographers and two sociologists map the regional and cultural diversity of the Hispanic/Latino population of the United States. They report on Hispanic communities in all sections of the country, showing how factors such as people’s country/culture of origin, length of time in the United States, and relations with non-Hispanic society have interacted to create a wide variety of Hispanic communities. Identifying larger trends, they also discuss the common characteristics of three types of Hispanic communities—those that have always been predominantly Hispanic, those that have become Anglo-dominated, and those in which Hispanics are just becoming a significant portion of the population.
This book analyses in detail half a century of international discussions on housing, slums and informal settlements, identifies policy phases (self-help, enabling) and discusses pros and cons of ...applied measures globally and in the context of Indonesia. It contributes to a better understanding of interlinkages between urban governance and housing policies by employing the analytical framework of policy arrangements, and by developing a normative compass based on Henri Lefebvre’s right to the city. Empirically, it examines and compares housing strategies (social housing, resettlements, slum upgrading) and modes of governance in two case studies, the Indonesian cities Surabaya and Surakarta.
Dieses Buch analysiert ein halbes Jahrhundert internationaler Diskussionen um Wohnraum, Slums und informelle Siedlungen, identifiziert Phasen von Wohnungspolitik (self-help, enabling) und diskutiert die Vor-und Nachteile angewandter Maßnahmen aus einer globalen und Indonesischen Perspektive. Mithilfe des Analysekonzepts der Policy Arrangements und der Entwicklung eines normativen Kompasses, der auf Henri Lefebvre’s Recht auf Stadt beruht, wird ein besseres Verständnis der Verflechtungen städtischer Governance und Wohnungspolitik erreicht. In zwei empirischen Fallstudien, den indonesischen Städten Surabaya und Surakarta, werden Wohnungsbaustrategien (sozialer Wohnungsbau, Umsiedlungen, slum-upgrading) und Formen von Governance vergleichend untersucht.
This article aims to provide an introduction to the phenomenologically and anthropologically grounded philosophy of a „lived corporeality“ that can be connected to human geography – in order to ...enable a deeper understanding of our human-environment relationship and other spatial aspects of the life-world. Until present, Phenomenology and Philosophical Anthropology play a marginal role in human geography as a source of knowledge of social and spatial facts, since the mainstream of theorizing the social and the spatial has diverged from approaches of social-discursive, socio-practical, symbolic, and – more recently – ‚more-than-human‘ as well as ‚posthuman‘ assumptions about the ‚construction‘ of the world. We consider this a shortcoming in social theory as these approaches (a) fail to take into
account their own ‚constructiveness‘ and therefore limited positional character towards the subject as well as (b) they fail to provide a theoretical sound ground to cope with the material realities of the world, such as things, animals and human beings. To overcome such limitations, our concern is to examine the specific reality of space with the fundamental concept of the Leib – from an entangled point of reflection on ‚German Theory‘ by Helmuth Plessner and Hermann Schmitz with ‚French Theory‘ by Maurice Merleau-Ponty.
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Megaprojects are vehicles of change and spatial products of policies from near and far. In this paper, we demonstrate how insights from the policy mobility literature can contribute to a critical ...analysis of the legitimization of megaprojects. Through a study of the planning of a new ‘”world-class” hospital in Stockholm, we show that ideas, experiences, and practices from abroad played a decisive role in legitimizing this megaproject. Policies mobilized from elsewhere were strategically used to construct, modify, and (re)present a legitimizing narrative centred on the aspiration of excellence and international competitiveness. This narrative emphasized the need to transform both the spatial structure and the organization of the studied welfare institution based on political and value-based rationalities. Initial international references and ideas were adopted in an unstructured and selective manner, but proved enduring throughout the extensive planning process and were eventually consolidated into a coherent concept, effectively excluding alternative development paths. The vague notion of “world-class” functioned as a ‘magic concept’ that strengthened this narrative, rendering the project difficult to criticize. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the importance of considering the temporal dimension of planning processes alongside the relational geographies of policy-mobility in megaproject analyses.
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At the outset of World War II, California agriculture seemed to be on the cusp of change. Many Californians, reacting to the ravages of the Great Depression, called for a radical reorientation of the ...highly exploitative labor relations that had allowed the state to become such a productive farming frontier. But with the importation of the first braceros-"guest workers" from Mexico hired on an "emergency" basis after the United States entered the war-an even more intense struggle ensued over how agriculture would be conducted in the state. Esteemed geographer Don Mitchell argues that by delineating the need for cheap, flexible farm labor as a problem and solving it via the importation of relatively disempowered migrant workers, an alliance of growers and government actors committed the United States to an agricultural system that is, in important respects, still with us. They Saved the Crops is a theoretically rich and stylistically innovative account of grower rapaciousness, worker militancy, rampant corruption, and bureaucratic bias. Mitchell shows that growers, workers, and officials confronted a series of problems that shaped-and were shaped by-the landscape itself. For growers, the problem was finding the right kind of labor at the right price at the right time. Workers struggled for survival and attempted to win power in the face of economic exploitation and unremitting violence. Bureaucrats tried to harness political power to meet the demands of, as one put it, "the people whom we serve." Drawing on a deep well of empirical materials from archives up and down the state, Mitchell's account promises to be the definitive book about California agriculture in the turbulent decades of the mid-twentieth century.
This book gives a structured account of Egypt's transition from Ptolemaic to Roman rule by identifying key relationships between ecology, land tenure, taxation, administration and politics. It ...introduces theoretical perspectives from the social sciences and subjects them to empirical scrutiny using data from Greek and Demotic papyri as well as comparative evidence. Although building on recent scholarship, it offers some provocative arguments that challenge prevailing views. For example, patterns of land ownership are linked to population density and are seen as one aspect of continuity between the Ptolemaic and Roman period. Fiscal reform, by contrast, emerges as a significant mechanism of change not only in the agrarian economy but also in the administrative system and the whole social structure. Anyone seeking to understand the impact of Roman rule in the Hellenistic east must consider the well-attested processes in Egypt that this book seeks to explain.
Planning physiography deals with the assessment of the natural environment for the purposes of spatial planning. Its origins date back to the 1930s. The article discusses the most important works in ...this field and indicates their contractors. The methodical and organizational development of the discussed discipline is also presented.
This volume presents a comprehensive review of palaeoenvironmental evidence and its incorporation with landscape archaeology from across the Mediterranean. A fundamental aim of this book is to bridge ...the intellectual and methodological gaps between those with a background in archaeology and ancient history, and those who work in the palaeoenvironmental sciences. The volume also aims to provide archaeologists and landscape historians with a comprehensive overview of recent palaeoenvironmental research across the Mediterranean, and also to consider ways in which this type of research can be integrated with what might be considered 'mainstream' or 'cultural' archaeology. This volume takes a thematic approach, assessing the ways in which environmental evidence is employed in different landscape types. It presents analyses of how people have interacted with soils and vegetation, and revisits the key questions of human culpability in the creation of so-called degraded landscapes in the Mediterranean. It covers chronological periods from the Early Neolithic to the end of the Roman period.
