Abstract
Although transgender immigrants are a highly vulnerable and growing population, little sociological or criminological work has examined their experiences. This paper begins to fill that gap ...through in-depth life history interviews with thirteen transgender women migrants in detention and a survey of fifty-five transgender women migrants who experienced detention. Though the detention system allows trans migrants to be classified as such for housing and immigration relief (e.g., asylum), we show that the classification processes that trans women encounter continue to marginalize them and expose them to particularly gendered forms of punishment. We thus argue that adding new categories does little to ameliorate gendered inequalities without a concomitant commitment to shifting organizational cultures of classification. To support these claims, we show that being classified as transgender can serve as a punishment itself, and secondly, that such classification still exposes transgender women to unique forms of gendered violence while in detention. We conclude with implications for the gendered nature of punishment and organizations, suggesting that carceral settings are not only gendered but cisgendered, favoring cis experiences and bodies in ways that disadvantage and punish trans people.
This article investigates who counts as dangerous for immigration control purposes and how states spot and monitor purportedly dangerous people for immigration enforcement measures. By examining ...Canadian immigration detention law and practice during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the study finds that nearly all danger-based immigration detentions targeted long-term Canadian residents who had typically lost permanent legal status following a criminal conviction. The article argues that a core function of immigration enforcement processes is the removal of supposedly undesirable persons from society and that danger-based detentions are used primarily for post-admission migration control. Furthermore, the study reveals that the surveillance and policing of dangerous individuals largely relies on external police agencies, with immigration officials rarely initiating or managing their own investigations. The findings from this research contribute to the growing body of literature on the overlap between criminal law and immigration law and shows that—in the context of danger-based immigration detention—immigration authorities do not initiate their own investigations, but depend almost exclusively on the work of criminal police forces.
Full text
Available for:
NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Discussions about U.S. migration policing have traditionally focused on enforcement along the highly charged U.S.-Mexico boundary. Enforcement practices such as detention policies designed to ...restrict access to asylum also transpire in the Caribbean. Boats, Borders, and Bases tells a missing, racialized history of the U.S. migration detention system that was developed and expanded to deter Haitian and Cuban migrants. Jenna M. Loyd and Alison Mountz argue that the U.S. response to Cold War Caribbean migrations established the legal and institutional basis for contemporary migration detention and border-deterrent practices in the United States. This book will make a significant contribution to a fuller understanding of the history and geography of the United States’s migration detention system.
In human geography, many of us are involved in community-engaged and activist research, much of which is inspired by deep emotional commitments to progressive change. Yet, the last three years have ...taken a toll on academics. Many in academia are anxious and burnt out, as the demands of the neoliberal university remain relentless despite the seeming collapse of the world around us. We have witnessed a radical restructuring of research, teaching, and praxis as the pandemic changed our ability to do in-person work. Building solidarity and enacting social change under these circumstances has been challenging, to say the least. And while the Covid-19 pandemic has illustrated the critical global interdependencies between all of us and inspired new forms of mutual aid and support, it has also inspired rising division and growing right-wing movements based on imaginaries of fear and insecurity. In this paper, I discuss how emotional geographies are inherently woven through all human experiences and interactions, but they are especially implicated in issues of social and spatial justice. Given ongoing global crises, I argue that holding onto emotions in academic research, teaching, and praxis is more important than ever.
•Many in academia are anxious and burnt out, as the demands of the neoliberal university remain relentless despite the seeming collapse of the world around us.•While the Covid-19 pandemic illustrated critical global interdependencies and inspired new forms of mutual aid and support, it also inspired rising division and growing right-wing movements based on imaginaries of fear and insecurity.•Emotional geographies are inherently woven through all human experiences and interactions, but they are especially implicated in issues of social and spatial justice.•Given ongoing global crises, I argue that holding onto emotions in academic research, teaching, and praxis is more important than ever.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
6.
Here, Man Is Nothing! Griffiths, Melanie
Men and masculinities,
10/2015, Volume:
18, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In policy terms, “genuine” refugees are conceptualized as vulnerable, coerced victims, an image that does not reflect the realities of most male refugees and asylum seekers. Not only does the image ...conflict with dominant forms of masculinity, but as refused asylum seekers have their purported vulnerability rejected and honesty challenged as part of having their claim refused, there is an implicit conclusion that they are deceptive, opportunistic, or even criminal. The emblematic “bogus asylum seeker” figure is generally imagined to be male and is associated with gendered suspicions and expectations regarding agency. Concurrently, however, the asylum system operates various emasculating tendencies. Using testimonies from male refused asylum seekers, this article explores the interplay of gender and asylum law and policy, examining how individuals understand and negotiate their reconstruction from vulnerable would-be refugee to undeserving “bogus” asylum seeker. Gender is presented as an unspoken but critical dimension of this immigration category.
Full text
Available for:
NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
La detención de personas por su situación administrativa responde a una política migratoria coercitiva de protección «frente» al «otro», e ignora la perspectiva de integración y de protección «de» ...personas que debe regir toda estrategia en este contexto. La mera privación de libertad en ausencia de delito presenta serias dificultades para justificar su proporcionalidad, necesidad y razonabilidad por lo que urge la implementación real de alternativas a la detención. Los programas de atención humanitaria a los que fueron liberadas muchas personas de los CIE durante la pandemia pueden constituir una alternativa sólida, viable y eficaz que favorece la integración social.
Abstract
Much scholarship underscores the exclusionary nature of crimmigration (the policy of criminalising infringements of immigration rules and imposing adverse immigration consequences as ...sanctions for criminal conduct), viewing it as a system of social marginalisation designed to prevent integration. This article, conversely, demonstrates crimmigration’s potential to contribute to the partial and symbolic acceptance of migrants. The article argues that crimmigration is characterised by a ‘paradox of exclusion’—a contradictory attempt to exclude undesirable migrants via the field of criminal law, which is designed primarily for citizens. Consequently, crimmigration regimes extend to migrants certain rights associated with membership and provide irregular migrants with various opportunities to gain admittance into the community. Two main processes contribute to this dynamic: the extension of principles typical of ‘citizen criminal law’ to migrants and the equation of law abidance with ‘good citizenship’, which informally confirms the right of certain migrants to remain in the country or their suitability for membership. The article discusses crimmigration’s consequent contribution to the process of civic stratification.
Australia has been at the forefront of implementing immigration policies that aim to limit the flow of asylum seekers over recent decades. Two controversial polices have been the use of immigration ...detention for unauthorized arrivals and the issuing of temporary protection visas (TPVs) for refugees who arrived without valid visas. We conducted a longitudinal survey over 2 years commencing in 2003 of 104 consecutive refugees from Iran and Afghanistan attending a state-wide early intervention program in New South Wales. The sample included those released from immigration detention on TPVs (
n = 47) and others granted permanent protection visas prior to entering Australia (PPVs,
n = 57
). Psychological symptoms were assessed at baseline and follow-up by the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), the Hopkins symptom checklist-25 (HSCL), the GHQ-30 and the Penn State Worry Questionnaires (PSWQ). English language competency, daily living difficulties and coping-related activities were also assessed. The results indicated that TPVs had higher baseline scores than PPVs on the HTQ PTSD scale, the HSCL scales, and the GHQ. ANCOVA models adjusting for baseline symptom scores indicated an increase in anxiety, depression and overall distress for TPVs whereas PPVs showed improvement over time. PTSD remained high at follow-up for TPVs and low amongst PPVs with no significant change over time. The TPVs showed a significant increase in worry at follow-up. TPVs showed no improvement in their English language skills and became increasingly socially withdrawn whereas PPVs exhibited substantial language improvements and became more socially engaged. TPV holders also reported persistently higher levels of distress in relation to a wide range of post-migration living difficulties whereas PPVs reported few problems in meeting these resettlement challenges. The data suggest a pattern of growing mental distress, ongoing resettlement difficulties, social isolation, and difficulty in the acculturation process amongst refugees subject to restrictive immigration policies.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Despite long-standing recognition that variations exist between people's experiences of time, and that time is central to the framing of social life and bureaucratic systems, migration scholars have ...tended to neglect the temporal dimension in their exploration of mobility. This continues to be the case today despite it being over a decade since Saulo Cwerner, in this journal, called for migration researchers to give greater attention to time. This article seeks to reinvigorate the debate, drawing on ethnographic research with refused asylum seekers and immigration detainees in the UK to question how an appreciation of time provides insights into understandings of mobility and deportability. It argues that deportable migrants suffer from the instability and precarity created by living with a dual uncertainty of time, one that simultaneously threatens imminent and absent change. The article distinguishes between four experiential temporalities (sticky, suspended, frenzied and ruptured), and considers how the re-appropriation of time might aid individual resilience.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
