Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been applied as an oral supplementation to patients with liver cirrhosis. BCAAs not only improve nutritional status of patients but also decrease the incidence ...of liver cancer. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) links cellular metabolism with growth and proliferation in response to nutrients, energy, and growth factors. BCAAs, especially leucine, have been shown to regulate protein synthesis through mTOR activities. On the other hand, cellular senescence is suggested to function as tumor suppressor mechanisms, and induced by a variety of stimuli including DNA damage-inducing drugs. However, it is not clear how BCAA supplementation prevents the incidence of liver cancer in patients with cirrhosis. Here we showed that human cancer cells, HepG2 and U2OS, cultured in medium containing BCAAs with Fischer's ratio about 3, which was shown to have highest activities to synthesize and secrete of albumin, had higher activities to induce premature senescence and elevate mTORC1 activities. Furthermore, BCAAs themselves enhanced the execution of premature senescence induced by DNA damage-inducing drugs, which was effectively prevented by rapamycin. These results strongly suggested the contribution of the mTORC1 pathway to the regulation of premature senescence. Interestingly, the protein levels of p21, a p53 target and well-known gene essential for the execution of cellular senescence, were upregulated in the presence of BCAAs. These results suggested that BCAAs possibly contribute to tumor suppression by enhancing cellular senescence mediated through the mTOR signalling pathway.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Epidemiología del pseudotumor cerebral Asensio-Sánchez, V.M.; Merino-Angulo, J.; Martínez-Calvo, S. ...
Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología,
04/2007, Volume:
82, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Open access
Objetivo: Determinar la epidemiología del pseudotumor cerebral (PTC) en los pacientes de nuestro servicio de oftalmología. Métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes ...diagnosticados de PTC en el hospital entre los años 1994 y 2004, considerándose para el estudio los PTC diagnosticados por el servicio de oftalmología. Se recogieron los datos del sexo, edad al diagnóstico, índice masa corporal (IMC), presión de salida del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR), y los resultados de la TAC y RMN. Resultados: Veintinueve pacientes fueron diagnosticados de PTC entre 1994 y 2004. El 89,6% (26) de los pacientes fueron mujeres y el 10,4% (3) fueron varones. La incidencia de PTC en nuestra población oftalmológica fue de 3,2 por 100.000 y de 5,1 por 100000 si se considera la población general dependiente de nuestro hospital. Conclusión: La incidencia de PTC encontrada fue mayor que la publicada previamente.
Objectives Traumatic thoracic aortic injury (TTAI) is associated with high mortality rates. Data supporting thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) to reduce mortality and morbidity for TTAI is ...limited to small series and meta-analyses. In this study, we evaluated the trends and outcomes of open surgery and TEVAR for TTAI in New York State. Methods All cases of TTAI in New York State between 2000 and 2007 were extracted from the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database. A diagnosis by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision coding of TTAI was required for inclusion. Results We identified 328 patients with TTAI who underwent surgical repair in New York State between 2000 and 2007; mean age of the cohort was 39.3 years ± 18 years; 80% were male. Open repair of TTAI was performed in 79.6% and 20.4% underwent TEVAR. Open repair was performed for all cases of TTAI until the introduction of TEVAR in 2005; TEVAR exceeded the use of open repair for TTAI in 2006 and 2007. Additional major injuries were present in 71.7% in the open repair group vs 91.0% of the TEVAR group ( P = .001). The overall in-hospital mortality rate for the 8-year period was significantly increased after open repair of TTAI compared with TEVAR: 17% vs 6%, (odds ratio OR 3.19, 95% confidence interval CI, 1.11-9.23; P = .024). After controlling for the significant covariates, TEVAR independently reduced the risk of death following surgical intervention for TTAI compared with the open procedure (OR 3.8, 95% CI, 1.28-10.99; P = .010). Respiratory complications were the most common postoperative morbidity, and were significantly increased after open repair: 38% vs 24% (OR 1.95; 95% CI, 1.05-3.60; P = .032). There were no significant differences in cardiac complications, acute renal failure (ARF), paraplegia, or stroke. Endoleak and distal embolization each occurred in 9% of patients after TEVAR. Conclusions There has been a shift toward endovascular management of patients with TTAI. This change in surgical strategy has been associated with less postoperative mortality and fewer pulmonary complications in patients suffering from TTAI. TEVAR is associated with significant device-related complications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Intakes of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially EPA (C20:5n-3) and DHA (C22:6n-3), are known to prevent fatal coronary heart disease (CHD). The effects of n-6 PUFAs including ...arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), however, remain unclear. δ-5 and δ-6 desaturases are rate-limiting enzymes for synthesizing long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFAs. C20:4n-6 to C20:3n-6 and C18:3n-6 to C18:2n-6 ratios are markers of endogenous δ-5 and δ-6 desaturase activities, but have never been studied in relation to incident CHD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relation between these ratios as well as genotypes of FADS1 rs174547 and CHD incidence.
We applied a case-cohort design within the CAREMA cohort, a large prospective study among the general Dutch population followed up for a median of 12.1 years. Fatty acid profile in plasma cholesteryl esters and FADS1 genotype at baseline were measured in a random subcohort (n = 1323) and incident CHD cases (n = 537). Main outcome measures were hazard ratios (HRs) of incident CHD adjusted for major CHD risk factors.
The AA genotype of rs174547 was associated with increased plasma levels of C204n-6, C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 and increased δ-5 and δ-6 desaturase activities, but not with CHD risk. In multivariable adjusted models, high baseline δ-5 desaturase activity was associated with reduced CHD risk (P for trend = 0.02), especially among those carrying the high desaturase activity genotype (AA): HR (95% CI) = 0.35 (0.15-0.81) for comparing the extreme quintiles. High plasma DHA levels were also associated with reduced CHD risk.
In this prospective cohort study, we observed a reduced CHD risk with an increased C20:4n-6 to C20:3n-6 ratio, suggesting that δ-5 desaturase activity plays a role in CHD etiology. This should be investigated further in other independent studies.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hyperbilirubinemia is a common disorder during neonatal period in Taiwan. Gene variants may play an important role in the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The current study investigated ...the association between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and common gene variants involving the production and metabolism of bilirubin.
This prospective study enrolled 444 healthy infants born in the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taipei from 2013-2015. Hyperbilirubinemia was defined as a total bilirubin ≥ 15 mg/dL. A log-binomial model was used to assess the risk of gene variants.
The most common genetic variant was short heme oxygenase (HO)-1 promoter GT-allele (<24 repeats) (39.4 %), followed by GA at nt388 in hepatic solute carrier organic anion transporter 1B1 (SLCO1B1) (31.1 %), GA at nt211 in UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) (29.3 %), ABO incompatibility (16.2 %), alpha thalassemia (5.0 %), and G6PD deficiency (3.2 %). The log-binomial analysis demonstrated greater risks of hyperbilirubinemia in infants with GA at nt211 in UGT1A1 (RR = 1.548; 95 % CI = 1.096-2.187), short HO-1 promoter GT-repeat (RR = 2.185; 95 % CI = 1.527-3.125), and G6PD deficiency (RR = 1.985; 95 % CI = 1.010-3.901). The other gene variants - including blood type, alpha thalassemia, and SLCO1B1 - carried no significant risk.
G6PD deficiency, short HO-1 promoter GT-repeat and GA at nt211 in UGT1A1 are risk factors of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The data provide clinical evidence to explain the high incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Taiwan.
Background: Listeria monocytogenes is an uncommon cause of disease, although in certain age groups (infants, elderly, pregnant women and immunocompromised) may be an important cause of ...meningoencephalitis, and bacteremia. The aim of this study was to detect the incidence of invasive listeriosis cases found in Valencia during a period of 3 years. Methods: A retrospective study of invasive listeriosis detected in the period 2008-2010 was carried out. The isolation of Listeria from a potentially sterile anatomical location was considered as "case". Data from the Microbiology Surveillance Network of Valencia (RedMIVA) were used as a source of information. Results: 98 cases of invasive listeriosis were detected, of which 58% were men. The largest number of diagnosed cases belonged to the age range 60-80 years (63%). Bacteremic infectious become evident in 57 cases (58%), central nervous system lesions were located in 30 cases (31%) and infectious in sterile liquids occurred in the remaining cases (11%). In 90 strains (92% of cases) could be performed the sensitivity to antibiotics and all were sensitive to ampicillin. Incidence rates were: 0,73 cases/100.000 inhabitans in 2008, 0,70 cases/100.000 inhabitans in 2009 and 0,58 cases/100.000 inhabitans 2010. Conclusions: The average rate of invasive listeriosis in Valencian Community in the period 2008 to 2010 was 0.67 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Temporal or geographic clusters of cases were not detected.
Fundamento: Listeria monocytogenes es una causa infrecuente de enfermedad, aunque en ciertos grupos (neonatos, ancianos, gestantes e inmunodeprimidos), puede ser causa de meningoencefalitis y bacteriemia. El objetivo del trabajo fue conocer la incidencia de listeriosis invasivas en la Comunidad Valenciana durante el periodo 2008-2010. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de las listeriosis invasivas detectadas en el periodo 2008-2010. Se consideró "caso" cuando se aisló Listeria a partir de una localización anatómica potencialmente estéril. Como fuente de información se utilizaron los datos procedentes de la Red de Vigilancia Microbiológica Valenciana (RedMIVA). Resultados: Durante el período estudiado se detectaron 98 casos de listeriosis invasivas .Las tasas de incidencia fueron: 0,73 casos/100.000 habitantes en 2008, 0,70 casos/100.000 habitantes en 2009 y 0,58 casos/100.000 habitantes en 2010. El 58% se dieron en varones. El grupo etario con mayor número de casos fue el de 60-80 años (63%). En 57 (58%) casos la infección se presentó en forma de bacteriemia y en 30 (31%) afectó al sistema nervioso central. En el resto de los casos 11 (11%) las infecciones se diagnosticaron en otros órganos. En 90 cepas (92% de los casos) pudo realizarse antibiograma y todas fueron sensibles a ampicilina. Conclusiones: La tasa media de listeriosis invasiva en la Comunidad Valenciana en el periodo 2008 a 2010 ha sido de 0,67 casos/100.000 habitantes. No se han detectado agrupaciones temporales o geográficas de casos durante este periodo de tiempo.
Background
Epidemiological studies have suggested positive associations between diabetes and colorectal cancer. However, the findings were inconsistent, especially regarding specific sex or cancer ...subsite.
Aims
To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to examine the association of diabetes mellitus with risk of colorectal cancer and to investigate whether the association is dependent on sex, cancer subsite, race/ethnicity, or duration of diabetes.
Methods
Relevant studies were identified by searching Pubmed to May 12, 2011. The reference lists of identified articles were also reviewed. Two authors independently selected the studies and extracted relevant data. The study quality was assessed.
Results
Thirty-nine studies (28 cohort studies and 11 case–control studies) were included in the final analysis. Compared with non-diabetic subjects, the pooled risk estimate of colorectal cancer for diabetic subjects was 1.29 (95% CI = 1.23–1.35). The subgroup analyses revealed that the risk was significantly increased for both genders, for every cancer subsite, and for both short duration and long duration of diabetes. Exposure to diabetes increased the risk of colorectal cancer for White and Asian, whereas there was no evidence of such an association either among Black or native Hawaiians.
Conclusions
Our results confirmed that subjects with diabetes are at modestly increased risk of developing colorectal cancer.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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