Potrebe i zahtjevi tržišta radna ukazuju na nedostatak mnogih zanimanja, među kojima su često i različiti profili u području tehnike i tehnologije. S obzirom da se djeca već u osnovnoj školi trebaju ...poticati i usmjeravati u takva zanimanja, izvjesno je da na njihove stavove i interese može utjecati i školovanje. Stoga su je u ovom radu provedeno istraživanje i analiza stavova i interesa učenika prema karijernom razvoju u području tehnike i tehnologije. Istraživanje je provedeno na stratificiranom uzorku (N = 2155) osnovnoškolskih učenika predmetne nastave. Analizom su obuhvaćene spolne i dobne razlike s obzirom na njihov izravni interes, stavove prema poslovima, iskustvene stavove, te karijerne težnje. Za obradu prikupljenih podataka korišten je t-test i jednosmjerna analiza varijance uz Scheffé post-hoc testove. Rezultati pokazuju da su vrlo zainteresirani za aktivnosti u tehnici i tehnologiji te da uvažavaju razloge za izbor poslova u ovom području. Ipak, po pitanju vlastitih težnji i percepcije u tim poslovima te iskustvenih stavova, uočavaju se bitne spolne i dobne razlike. Djevojčice su pritom znatno manje sklone poslovima, iskustvima i zanimanjima u tehnici i informatici u odnosu na dječake. Iako su učenici nižih razreda više zainteresirani za tehniku i tehnologiju, istodobno su manje skloni aktivnostima, poslovima i zanimanjima u ovom području u odnosu na učenike viših razreda. Ovakvi nalazi ukazuju na nužnost prilagodbe sadržaja i aktivnosti koje će podjednako afirmirati djevojčice i dječake, što uključuje promjenu pedagoških pristupa, stilova poučavanja te više istraživačkih i dizajnerskih aktivnosti u nastavi. Dobna prilagodba traži izvedbene promjene kurikuluma, osobito nastave informatike, više smislenih praktičnih, istraživačkih i integriranih aktivnosti, te više vremena za takve aktivnosti u osnovnoškolskom kurikulumu.
Text Mining Damerau, Fred; Indurkhya, Nitin; Weiss, Sholom M ...
2004
eBook
The growth of the web can be seen as an expanding public digital library collection. Online digital information extends far beyond the web and its publicly available information. Huge amounts of ...information are private and are of interest to local communities, such as the records of customers of a business. This information is overwhelmingly text and has its record-keeping purpose, but an automated analysis might be desirable to find patterns in the stored records. Analogous to this data mining is text mining, which also finds patterns and trends in information samples but which does so with far less structured--though with greater immediate utility for users--ingredients. This book focuses on the concepts and methods needed to expand horizons beyond structured, numeric data to automated mining of text samples. It introduces the new world of text mining and examines proven methods for various critical text-mining tasks, such as automated document indexing and information retrieval and search. New research areas are explored, such as information extraction and document summarization, that rely on evolving text-mining techniques. TOC:Overview of text mining.- From textual information to numerical vectors.- Using text for prediction.- Information retrieval and text mining.- Finding structure in a document collection.- Looking for information in documents.- Case studies.- Emerging directions.- Appendix: software notes.- References.- Author and subject indexes.
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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2009, held in Nice, France in September/October 2009. The 35 revised full papers, ...17 short papers, and 35 posters presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 136 paper submissions and 22 poster submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on adaptation and personalization, interoperability, semantic Web, Web 2.0., data mining and social networks, collaboration and social knowledge construction, learning communities and communities of practice, learning contexts, problem and project-based learning, inquiry, learning, learning design, motivation, engagement, learning games, and human factors and evaluation.
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The purpose of this fantastically useful book is to lay out an overview on possible tools for state reconstruction in nonlinear systems. Here, basic observability notions and observer structures are ...recalled, together with ingredients for advanced designs on this basis. The problem of state reconstruction in dynamical systems, known as observer problem, is crucial for controlling or even merely monitoring processes. For linear systems, the theory has been well established for several years, so this book attempts to tackle the problem for non-linear systems.
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Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Straub Elek portréja a Neumann János Számítógép-tudományi Társaság (NJSzT) Informatikatörténeti Fóruma (iTF) szervezésében készített ..."Arcképek a magyar informatika történetéből" sorozatában.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
ServiceNow is a powerful IT service management and automation platform that has made significant inroads in the Enterprise market due to its robust set of features and capabilities. This book will ...help you get started as a ServiceNow developer or administrator, and leverage the full capabilities of the ServiceNow platform through real-world.
In the not so distant future, we can expect a world where humans and robots coexist and interact with each other. For this to occur, we need to understand human traits, such as seeing, hearing, ...thinking, speaking, etc., and institute these traits in robots. The most essential feature necessary for robots to achieve is that of integrative multimedia understanding (IMU) which occurs naturally in humans. It allows us to assimilate pieces of information expressed through different modes such as speech, pictures, gestures, etc.
The book describes how robots acquire traits like natural language understanding (NLU) as the central part of IMU. Mental image directed semantic theory (MIDST) is its core, and is based on the hypothesis that NLU is essentially the processing of mental image associated with natural language expressions, namely, mental-image based understanding (MBU). MIDST is intended to model omnisensory mental image in human and to afford a knowledge representation system in order for integrative management of knowledge subjective to cognitive mechanisms of intelligent entities such as humans and robots based on a mental image model visualized as ‘Loci in Attribute Spaces’ and its description language L md (mental image description language) to be employed for predicate logic with a systematic scheme for symbol-grounding. This language works as an interlingua among various kinds of information media, and has been applied to several versions of the intelligent system interlingual understanding model aiming at general system (IMAGES). Its latest version, i.e. conversation management system (CMS) simulates MBU and comprehends the user’s intention through dialogue to find and solve problems, and finally, provides a response in text or animation.
The book is aimed at researchers and students interested in artificial intelligence, robotics, and cognitive science. Based on philosophical considerations, the methodology will also have an appeal in linguistics, psychology, ontology, geography, and cartography.
Key Features:
Describes the methodology to provide robots with human-like capability of natural language understanding (NLU) as the central part of IMU
Uses methodology that also relates to linguistics, psychology, ontology, geography, and cartography
Examines current trends in machine translation
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Anna - an ideal home robot
Intuitive human-robot interaction
Integrative multimedia understanding and natural language understanding
Knowledge and cognition
Natural Language Processing Viewed from Semantics
Trends in machine translation
Case study of current MT systems (as of October, 2018)
Fundamentals for Robotic NLU
NLU in accordance with semiotics
Syntactic analysis
Semantic analysis and pragmatic analysis
Robust NLU
Response synthesis
Syntax and semantics of discourse
Cognitive Essentials for Midst
Functional model of human mind
Human knowledge and cognitive propensities
Semantics and mental image
QSIs (quasi-symbolic images) and human concept system
Primitive quasi-symbolic images
Perception of causality
Semantic articulation and QSI connectors
Negation of mental image
Imaginary space region
Computational Model of Mental Image
Atomic locus as primitive QSI
Temporal conjunctions as QSI connectors
Empty event
Attributes and Standards
Formal System
Semantic principle of L md
Syntax of L md
Tempo-logical connectives
Formulation of event concepts
Formulation of laws of the world
Fundamental Postulates and Inference Rules for Deductive System
Properties of Loci
Inference rules for deduction
Tempo-logical deduction with TLCs
Human-Specific Semantics of 4d Language as Mental Images
Conventional approaches to 4D language understanding
4D language semantics as mental images
Formulation of concepts of spatial prepositions
Properties of static 4D concepts as human intuitive mental images
Reversal operation on spatial change event concepts as mental images
Problem Finding and Solving in Formal System
Definition of problem and task
Creation problem finding and solving
Maintenance problem finding and solving
Human Language Understanding by Robots
Two-staged robotic NLU
Robotic concept system for iHRI
Compound concept system for robots
Robot manipulation as cross-media operation via L md
Aware computing in robots
Homogeneous/Inhomogeneous Communication
4d Language Understanding for Cognitive Robotics
Requirements for robotic NLU
Logical Adequacy of L md
Translation between NL and L md
Reasoning in L md
Anchoring via L md
Behavioralization via L md
Systematic interpretation of L md
Multilingual Operation Via L md
Meaning definition
Optimization of grammatical description for word meaning definition
Language operation via L md
Question answering through L md
Computational Model of Japanese for NLU
Brief description of basic Japanese
Phrase structure grammar for Japanese
Dependency grammar for Japanese
Sentence and discourse of Japanese
Sentence types of Japanese and phrasing
Implementation of Mental-Image Based Understanding
Configuration of CMS
MBU versus conventional NLU
Stimulus sentences to CMS and human subjects
Mental image based understanding by CMS
Problem finding and solving in CMS
Awareness control of CMS
Conclusions
References
This is an excellent resource for scientists and engineers looking to develop a deep natural language understanding system for application in robotics, currently one of the most critical areas of development for artificial intelligence technologies. The book is very well written and easy to follow for readers with a good background in artificial intelligence or natural language processing. The considerable number of examples and diagrams included make this volume particularly valuable for students. The examples illustrating machine understanding of Japanese offer an exciting bonus for readers engaged in machine translation or computational linguistics.
-- J. Brzezinski, McHenry County College, Choice, 2020 Vol. 58 No. 2
Masao Yokota received a Bachelor degree from Kyushu Institute of Technology, and Master and Doctor degrees from Kyushu University. He is now a professor of informatics at Fukuoka Institute of Technology. His research focus is on AI, especially in integrative multimedia understanding by robots in being as 'natural' as humans where natural language understanding (NLU) plays the central role. He has proposed 'Mental Image Directed Semantic Theory (MIDST)' based on a hypothesis that NLU in humans is mental image processing. MIDST provides an omnisensory mental image model and a formal language called ' L md (Language for Mental Image Description)'. This formal language has been already implemented on several versions of the intelligent system IMAGES including integrative multimedia understanding system IMAGES-M and conversation management system CMS. Dr. Yokota has authored numerous articles on AI and was the leader of many projects funded by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT), and Fukuoka Institute of Technology (FIT).
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- K. Szabó Zoltán portréja a Neumann János Számítógép-tudományi Társaság (NJSZT) Informatikatörténeti Fóruma (iTF) szervezésében ...készített "Arcképek a magyar informatika történetéből" sorozatában.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Information Visualization is the major revision of a classic work on information visualization. This book explores the art and science of why we see objects the way we do. Based on the science of ...perception and vision, the author presents the key principles at work for a wide range of applications - resulting in visualization of improved clarity, utility, and persuasiveness. This is the first work to use the science of perception to help serious designers and analysts optimize understanding and perception of their data visualizations. This unique and essential guide to human visual perception and related cognitive principles will enrich courses on information visualization and empower designers to see their way forward. Its updated review of empirical research and interface design examples will do much to accelerate innovation and adoption of information visualization. New to this edition are a new chapter on visual thinking, new sections on face perception and flow visualization, and a much-expanded chapter on color and color sequences. This book will appeal to interaction designers; graphic designers of all kinds (including web designers); financial analysts; research scientists and engineers; data miners; and managers faced with information-intensive challenges. *First work to use the science of perception to help serious designers and analysts optimize understanding and perception of their data visualizations.* Major revision of this classic work, with a new chapter on visual thinking, new sections on face perception and flow visualization, and a much expanded chapter on color and color sequences. *New to this edition is the full color treatment throughout, to better display over 400 illustrations.
