•The installation methods for offshore wind turbine foundations are summarized.•The integrated installation technology based on bucket foundation is introduced.•Challenges and future trends in ...deep-ocean wind farm development are discussed.
As one of the fastest-growing renewable energy sources, wind power is promoting the global primary energy structure to accelerate towards the direction of cleanliness and low-carbon. Considering that the construction and installation cost of an offshore wind power foundation account for 35%–55% of the development cost of an offshore wind farm, the innovation in foundation forms and their installation technologies is of great significance. In this paper, more than 280 works on the topic of offshore wind turbine installation processes are reviewed, the latest progress and development trend in this field are summarized. The integrated installation technology based on a wide and shallow suction bucket foundation is focused, which has already been widely commercialized. First, three kinds of installation method are described, including the component installation method, partially integrated installation method, and integrated installation method. Second, the existing floating wind turbine infrastructures and their installation methods are summarized, respectively. Third, from the aspects of force mechanism, design principle, control method, monitoring results and economy, the integrated floating and installation technology based on the wide and shallow suction bucket foundation is analyzed comprehensively. Finally, the technical challenges in the future are discussed, and the latest research progress in possible solutions is introduced. This review aims to provide reference for the design of offshore wind power foundations and the development of integrated installation technology.
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Abstract Assessing the technical condition of earthen constructions is an extremely difficult task due to the fact that the materials, methods and techniques used in construction have been replaced ...by new materials and installation procedures. Although they have a fairly large share in the existing housing stock, earthen constructions have not benefited from the same interest in the field of construction. This paper proposes a review of the current assessment possibilities applicable to earthen constructions in relation to the current level of knowledge on a local and international level.
Si en tiempos más recientes han sido con frecuencia modelos antropológicos los que han servido para examinar el entramado entre la esfera social y la de las imágenes (permitiendo, en términos de ...Foucault, que una y otra tuviesen cabida en una misma nota enciclopédica), no cabe duda de que hasta muy avanzada la era moderna fue todavía posible tener experiencias envolventes frente a simples imágenes, las cuales experimentaban un desbordamiento a lo audible o lo discursivo, asumiendo las propiedades de la carne viva o sirviéndose de una fuerza mágica para producir efectos en el mundo social, como sugirió el antropólogo Alfred Gell5. Esta amplia panoplia de manifestaciones recibe cada vez mayor atención por parte de la historia del arte, si bien se les sigue dando un trato estrictamente socio-político, ya que son interpretadas en clave de potentes aparatos de propaganda al servicio del poder de los príncipes y de la iglesia, los únicos que disponían de medios para financiar estas fastuosas (y muy onerosas) intervenciones efímeras, apoyadas a su vez en saberes extra-artísticos, como la botánica, la hidráulica o la pirotecnia. El artículo de Sergio Martínez Luna sobre el panorama decimonónico explora precisamente uno de esos vericuetos históricos al proponer una relación con los actuales dispositivos de realidad virtual, aumentada o mixta, al margen e incluso a contrapelo de las tan habituales genealogías y arqueologías de los medios que se limitan a trazar una línea de desarrollo constante dirigida a la duplicación cada vez más fiel y exacta de la realidad. Por su parte, el texto de Isabel Valverde se sitúa de lleno en ese territorio de tensión entre el impulso preservador del museo y de la galería y las prácticas de consumo de la cultura de masas, que a inicios del siglo XIX convierte la antigua institución de los Salones de arte en una especie de mercado de ambiente bullicioso e irrespirable; así se equipara la sala de exposiciones al almacén, suponiendo también, en cierta medida, ya una forma (sin duda espuria) de denigración de la visión, ahora en beneficio de una experiencia donde están implicadas diversas esferas de percepción en una dinámica psicomotriz que la autora no vacila en calificar de coreografía.
The use of helical anchors has been increasing in recent years; however, the current understanding of its behaviour does not allow for reliable estimates of uplift capacity and load–displacement ...response. The need for improvement of the design methods has motivated the present study, which investigates the effect of installation on the helical anchor response in very dense sand. This work is divided into three parts. The first part describes the results of centrifuge model tests and microtomographic analysis performed to examine the uplift response of a single-helix anchor and the soil disturbance caused by the installation process. The aim of these tests was to define appropriate hypotheses for the numerical prediction of helical anchor performance. In the second part, the load–displacement curve of a tested helical anchor was numerically simulated with the finite difference software FLAC
3D
, considering the installation effect observed experimentally. In the third part of the paper, the adjusted numerical model was used in a parametric analysis to provide some guidelines for the design of helical anchors in dense sand. Additionally, from the results of the numerical investigation and experimental observations, two different approaches are presented for improving the accuracy of analytical predictions of helical anchor capacity. Both suggested methods showed good agreement with centrifuge and field testing data.
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•The provincial RE installation planning under multi-constraints was established.•Dispatching plan of provincial RE power was analyzed through supply and demand.•China's 13th Five Year planning ...target for RE installation is surplus.
Renewable energy (RE) in China has developed rapidly in recent years. Due to an overly aggressive RE installation plan, the country now faces the issue of RE power curtailment. Based on the newly proposed provincial renewable portfolio standards for 2020, an integrated planning model composed of a multi-regression model and linear planning model was established to optimize the RE power installation plan for each province in 2020. The results show that after optimization using the integrated model, nearly 400 TWh of excess RE power (including about 300 TWh of non-hydropower) will be saved. Guangdong, Shanghai, and Jiangsu are the main hydropower transfer provinces, whereas Beijing, Tianjin, Henan, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu are the principal non-hydropower transfer provinces. The research results also show that the newly installed capacity of RE resource-rich areas such as Sichuan, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang will account for less than 20% of the existing installed capacity according to China’s current plan. In the future, these provinces must make full use of the power generation capacities of existing installed RE sources. The optimization of RE resource allocation is promoted in this study through the inter-provincial allocation of RE power and the combination of the renewable portfolio standards and the green certificate trading system.
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Support of fundamental science as a backbone institution for the long-term development of the nation is a priority task of the modern state. In order to fulfill this task, some countries develop an ...advanced infrastructure of research, development, and innovation, which includes creation and development of a network of unique megascience-class installations which provide solutions to key research tasks of the world scientific agenda aimed at obtaining new fundamental knowledge necessary for the long-term development of the country. The combination of public interests and income generation is a fundamental task that the state is trying to solve, by implementing national programs and using all its tools and methods of influence to achieve the strategic goals of the strategy of scientific and technological development. The scale of megascience projects urges us to think about the choice of their optimal legal structures, which can be divided into two groups: public and private. One of the urgent tasks of lawmakers and law enforcement agencies is to choose (or create) the optimal legal structure of the megascience projects that meets the interests of both the state and private entities.
The adoption of ultra-high bypass ratio (UHBPR) engines has been long recognised to bring about reduction of specific fuel consumption and noise emission. In the need to fulfil ambitious ...environmental targets and mitigate the aviation sector impact, they represent a smoother technology change, compared to futuristic aircraft designs featuring electric, distributed and boundary layer ingesting propulsion. However, the challenges related to UHBPR adoption can prevent a real system performance improvement, due to interdependent counteracting factors and enhanced interference between engine and airframe. This paper reviews the installation effects on underwing-mounted UHBPR turbofan engines, first presenting the cycle design studies and how they are affected by considering integration. The advancements in nacelle components modelling and optimisation are then reviewed, where new numerical models, statistical methods and optimisation algorithms are employed to tackle the inherently multi-objective problems. The computational estimation of installation effects and the studies on optimal engine position are also presented, highlighting the overall effect on the aerodynamic characteristics. Finally, the wind tunnel tests using powered engine simulators are discussed. The tools developed to quantify the thrust and drag figures of installed propulsors and obtain indications on their best underwing location now allow quite accurate estimations, both in numerical and experimental simulations. The higher level of interaction and the increased mutual sensitivity of engine operation and wing flow field, however, suggest the need to elaborate closely coupled methods to correctly replicate these effects and an assessment of current wind tunnel practices for the design and operation of powered engine simulators.
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UTOPIAN HOTLINE. Created by Kayla Asbell, Denis Butkus, Cinthia Chen, Alex Hawthorn, Michael Littig, Dima Mikhayel Matta, Justin Nestor, Rubén Polendo, Scott Spahr, Corey Sullivan, Monica Sanborn, ...Isabella Uzcátegui, and Ada Westfall. Directed by Rubén Polendo. Theater Mitu, MITU580, Brooklyn, New York. September 25, 2021.
This study aims to analyze and design electrical lighting installations in the Unima library building that meet PUIL 2011 standards. The data analysis technique used is inductive data analysis. ...Inductive data analysis encourages researchers to solve certain cases by testing a theory. The lighting installation design for the Manado State University Library building uses a formula to find the number of light points needed in lux units based on needs, assuming the recommended lamp is 150 watts. In book room 1, after rounding, the lights needed in book room 1 are 13. In book room 2, after rounding, the lights needed in book room 2 are 23. In book room 3, after rounding, the lights needed in book room 3 are 26 lights. In reading room 1, after rounding up, the lights needed in reading room 1 are 12. In reading room 2, after rounding up, the lights needed in reading room 2 are 13. In the administration room, after rounding, the lights needed in the administration room are 4 lights. They are recommended in the admin room, using 100 watts. For direct lighting systems with bright-coloured ceilings and walls, the coefficient value is 50%–65%.
•The effect of θ on the melting characteristics of the PCM in a LHTES unit is investigated.•The melting rate of the PCM in the unit with fins installed at θ=0° is the highest throughout the melting ...process.•The dimensionless criterion relationship between f and FoSteRa1/6 when θ=0° is obtained.•The heat transfer mechanism of the melting process can be divided into four stages.
Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) technology can solve the problem of a mismatch between energy supply and demand in time, space and intensity and thus has become a research on focus in energy and environmental protection. The low thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCMs) is the primary bottleneck of the popularization application of LHTES technology. An effective way to solve this problem is adding fins into the PCM container to enhance heat transfer, there has been no report on the effect of the installation location of fins on the heat transfer characteristics of the PCM in a LHTES unit. To study the effect of fins installed at different locations on the heat transfer, this work have investigated the melting characteristics of PCM in an annular with different installation angle of fins (θ) via a numerical simulation method, which is based on an enthalpy-porous medium model. In addition, the numerical calculation results are verified via experimentation. On this basis, the melting processes of the PCM in horizontal, annular units with fins installed at five different values of θ under three fixed wall temperature conditions (60, 70, and 80°C) have been simulated. The simulation results have been compared to those of the unit without fins. The results show that although fins inhibit natural convection, the addition of fins can lead to an increase in the melting rate and a decrease in the melting time due to an increase in the total amount of heat exchanged. Considering the entire melting process, the melting rate of the PCM in the unit with fins installed at θ=0° is maximum. When θ reaches 45°, the further increase of θ has no marked impact on the melting rate of the PCM in the unit. Based on the trend of the change of the mean Nusselt number with the Fourier number (Fo), the heat transfer of the melting process of the PCM is divided into four stages. Additionally, the dimensionless criterion relationship between the melting fraction (f) and SteFoRa1/6 when θ=0° is fitted as f=0.24X3-1.13X2+1.82X, where X=SteFoRa1/6.
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