Targeted screening of children at increased likelihood of autism is recommended. However, autism screening tools are usually validated for use mainly in low-likelihood populations. This study ...compared the accuracy of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F), the ASDetect app, and the Social Attention and Communication Surveillance, Revised (SACS-R). Siblings of autistic children underwent autism screening at 12, 18 and 30 months old. At each visit, caregivers completed the M-CHAT-R/F and ASDetect while trained nurses tested the siblings using the SACS-R. At 36 to 48 months, the siblings underwent an Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) assessment. 189 siblings were screened, 141 completed the study, and 32 were confirmed to have autism. Although not validated for use at 12 months, the M-CHAT-R/F had the best sensitivity among the three tools for this age group, suggesting that early signs are already apparent to caregivers. The M-CHAT-R/F had overall better sensitivity (0.72-0.83) across all age groups, but with overall lower specificity (0.55-0.77). The SACS-R and ASDetect had better positive predictive values at 18 and 30 months (0.60-0.68), while the M-CHAT-R/F was 0.43-0.48. Negative predictive values were generally high across all three tools across all age groups (0.78-0.93). Targeted screening of children at high likelihood of autism yielded a detection rate of 22.7% and should therefore be implemented routinely to facilitate early detection and intervention. The performance of autism screening tools should be examined in higher-likelihood populations for targeted screening of these children.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Since its establishment in 2016, the Japan Society for Pharmaceutical Education (hereafter, the Society) has conducted various research activities on “pharmaceutical education and pharmacist ...education” and this year marked the 8th Annual Meeting of the Japan Society for Pharmaceutical Education. However, efforts from an international perspective have not been sufficient, and in order to further enhance and develop ‘pharmaceutical and pharmacist education’ in Japan, it is extremely important for the Society to promote international evaluation and verification of pharmaceutical education. For this purpose, an Internationalization Committee was established within the Society in 2021. With the aim of contributing to the enrichment and development of ‘pharmaceutical and pharmacist education’ by promoting initiatives that incorporate an international perspective, the committee started activities to collect information on overseas educational and pharmacist activities, mainly from members of the Society, and to transmit and share this information through the Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. As part of these, proposals and recommendations for quality assurance of Japanese pharmaceutical education from an international perspective were made at a symposium of the 8th Annual Meeting of Japan Society for Pharmaceutical Education to ensure that the Model Core Curriculum for Pharmaceutical Education (revised in 2022), which will be applied from 2024, is based on the needs of each university and ensures quality. This review presents an overview of the recommendations.
•Paper reports on an international debate on urban shrinkage that has brought together several national strands of research.•Urban shrinkage is understood as specific trajectory of cities, population ...loss as its main indicator.•Sections: bridging national debates, aligning local concerns, comparing governance responses and understanding of shrinkage.•Aims at augmenting and sharpening the international research agenda on urban shrinkage.•Link research agenda on shrinkage with other debates in urban studies, e.g. urban inequalities or resource efficiency.
Recently, an international debate on urban shrinkage has brought together national strands of research on those cities that have experienced considerable population loss over a prolonged period. Partially as the result of language constraints and varied terminology used, these national debates have occurred rather separately and the huge potential for eliciting cross-national knowledge has just begun to be exploited. The paper aims to augment and sharpen the international research agenda on urban shrinkage. We call for a more elaborate bridging of national discussions, enhancing scholarly understanding of urban shrinkage, and reflecting upon governance and policy. Last but not least, this paper seeks to align the research on urban shrinkage with general challenges and strands of research in urban and regional studies, human geography, and spatial planning. For the chosen topics, we highlight both recent accomplishments and open questions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A new emerging frontier in the evolution of the digitalisation and the 4th industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is considered to be that of “Biologicalisation in Manufacturing”. This has been defined ...by the authors to be “The use and integration of biological and bio-inspired principles, materials, functions, structures and resources for intelligent and sustainable manufacturing technologies and systems with the aim of achieving their full potential.” In this White Paper, detailed consideration is given to the meaning and implications of “Biologicalisation” from the perspective of the design, function and operation of products, manufacturing processes, manufacturing systems, supply chains and organisations. The drivers and influencing factors are also reviewed in detail and in the context of significant developments in materials science and engineering. The paper attempts to test the hypothesis of this topic as a breaking new frontier and to provide a vision for the development of manufacturing science and technology from the perspective of incorporating inspiration from biological systems. Seven recommendations are delivered aimed at policy makers, at funding agencies, at the manufacturing research community and at those industries involved in the development of next generation manufacturing technology and systems. It is concluded that it is valid to argue that Biologicalisation in Manufacturing truly represents a new and breaking frontier of digitalisation and Industry 4.0 and that the market potential is very strong. It is evident that extensive research and development is required in order to maximise on the benefits of a biological transformation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
This study aimed to systematically review previous studies on the reliability and concurrent validity of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). A systematic literature search was ...conducted (
= 26) using the online EBSCOHost databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to September 2019. A previously developed coding sheet was used to collect the data. The Modified Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was employed to assess risk of bias and study quality. It was found that GPAQ was primarily revalidated in adult populations in Asian and European countries. The sample size ranged from 43 to 2657 with a wide age range (i.e., 15-79 years old). Different populations yielded inconsistent results concerning the reliability and validity of the GPAQ. Short term (i.e., one- to two-week interval) and long-term (i.e., two- to three-month apart) test-retest reliability was good to very good. The concurrent validity using accelerometers, pedometers, and physical activity (PA) log was poor to fair. The GPAQ data and accelerometer/pedometer/PA log data were not compared using the same measurements in some validation studies. Studies with more rigorous research designs are needed before any conclusions concerning the concurrent validity of GPAQ can be reached.
Firms interested in being perceived by all stakeholders and society as drivers of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, especially regarding CSR reporting, should have boards of directors ...that defend not only shareholder interests but also all stakeholders' needs. Thus, we expect that efficient boards, particularly if well‐structured, will impact on CSR disclosure. As a result, in this paper, we examine the effect of board composition, particularly board size, board independence, board gender diversity, chief executive officer (CEO) duality, and CSR board committee, on CSR reporting. Using a sample of international firms, concretely 13,178 observations belonging to 39 countries, we hypothesize that all these attributes positively affect CSR disclosure, except board independence and CEO duality, which are expected to impact negatively. These hypotheses are theoretically supported by the agency and stakeholder perspectives. Our findings support all the hypotheses, except that of CEO duality, and therefore, we conclude that board characteristics such as board size, board gender diversity, and CSR board committees encourage the disclosure of CSR matters, whereas board independence discourages this reporting. Contrary to our predictions, CEO duality has a positive effect on CSR reporting.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study explores prospective teachers’ experiences of learning to teach social justice with a focus on tensions and dilemmas encountered in the practice of transformative curriculum planning. ...Findings come from a qualitative case of one social justice-oriented teacher education program in South Korea. Drawing on concepts from transformative learning theory and a theory of hybridity, this study reveals that expansion of neoliberalism interwoven with resilient (ethnic) nationalism can lead prospective teachers to dilemmas in the practice of transformative curriculum planning. However, the space of dilemmas can be transformed into a space of possibility by thoroughly examining and creatively responding to recognized constraints.
•Conflicting desires from multiculturalism, neoliberalism, and nationalism constitute competing discourses of education.•Social justice-oriented prospective teachers (PTs) encounter tensions/dilemmas created by competing discourses of education.•National curriculum standards and ethnic nationalism obscure PTs' practice of transformative curriculum planning.•PTs can craft a space of possibility by thoroughly examining and creatively responding to recognized constraints.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
10.
Covid Pandemic in an Unequal world Giovanna Campani; Antonio Raimondo Di Grigoli
Comparative cultural studies (Firenze),
02/2021, Volume:
5, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This video reports the recording of the webinar that took place last December 14, 2020 for the presentation of number 10 of the magazine entitled "An Eniqual word facing the Covid-19 Pandemic". The ...event was organized by the director of the magazine Giovanna Campani and the managing editor, Antonio Raimondo Di Grigoli and moderated by the scholar Francesco Gervasi (Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Messico). The webinar addressed the issue of the causes and consequences generated by the new Covid-19 virus, from an international and interdisciplinary perspective given the varied geographical and disciplinary origin of the scholars who took part in the webinar. Starting from the speakers' exposition of their research on the delicate problems caused by the pandemic and, in particular, on gender inequalities in a global perspective, it was possible to open a fruitful debate on the different perspectives on political and social decisions in particular in Latin America and in Italy, but not only and of the possible solutions.
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