Schadenfreude is a social emotion that describes one's happiness at the misfortune of others. Because people experience schadenfreude to different extents, it can also be considered a trait. The ...present research aimed to develop a trait measure of schadenfreude and investigate the relationship between schadenfreude and political downfalls. We developed an item pool and used exploratory (Study 1) and confirmatory (Study 2) factor analyses to establish a 12-item, two-factor schadenfreude measure: benign and malicious. We also assessed its test-retest reliability (Study 3) and convergent validity with related measures (Study 4). Findings supported a two-factor schadenfreude measure that produced valid and reliable scores (Studies 1-4). In an experiment, we found a positive correlation between episodic-but not trait-schadenfreude on spreading news of a politician's downfall (Study 5). Using a 3 (Political affiliation: Democrat, Republican, or other) × 3 (Manipulated condition: Democrat, Republican, or CEO) design, we examined the extent to which participants' schadenfreude predicted their intentions and choices to share an embarrassing news story about a politician or CEO via social media. Schadenfreude can be assessed as a reliable trait-one that may help us predict why some people intend to spread news of embarrassing political failures.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Gender-based violence is a phenomenon deeply rooted in social, cultural, psychological, and educational factors. To comply with social demands, Government agencies have promoted numerous development ...plans to reduce this kind of violence. The measures taken by the Spanish Government include preventive and educational measures as well as direct intervention with the victims and aggressors. This study is based on a Spanish psychological intervention with men convicted of gender-based violence. The study supports current evidence of male perpetrators as well as analyzing the effectiveness of these intervention programs. The results of the study indicate that the aggressors of gender-based violence present personality disorders, such as the compulsive behavior, and the results of intervention program indicate that the users obtain higher scores in social skills and empathy and lower scores in romantic jealousy and anger.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Background Both impulse-control disorders and delusional jealousy (DJ) may be considered non-motor side-effects of dopamine agonist therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to ...investigate the possible concomitant development of these features in PD and their clinical correlates. Methods We performed a cross-sectional investigation in 1063 consecutive PD patients with the Questionnaire for Impulsive Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's disease and the Parkinson's Psychosis Questionnaire. Results 81 patients presented ICDs (prevalence 7.61%) and 23 patients presented DJ (17 males, 6 females; prevalence 2.16%). 9 male PD patients presented both DJ and ICDs (39.13% of patients with DJ, 11.11% of patients with ICDs; prevalence of 0.84% in the whole PD sample), with a concomitant onset of delusional jealousy and hypersexuality in 8 cases and a concomitant onset of delusional jealousy and pathological gambling in 2 cases. Discussion Hypersexuality and delusional jealousy may occur independently in PD patients “on” dopamine agonist therapy, but may develop together probably reflecting a common alteration of sexuality (sexual arousal and jealousy) The presence of both of these clinical features and sexuality more in general should be investigated when features of either one of them appear. Further confirmation is needed in larger samples of patients.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
In book III of Cervantes’ novel Persiles, when the pilgrims arrive at Milan, the host informs them that the Academy of the Enthroned happened to be
in session that day, and that the topic of debate ...was «whether there could be love without jealousy.» This paper sets forth the results of preliminary research in which the ideological background of such debate is analyzed, as well as the underlying ideas of the brief dialogue between Auristela and Periandro. When comparing this debate with viewpoints expressed by Cervantes in other of his works, mainly in La Galatea, the stoic and Christian (Biblical) origin of those notions becomes clear
Cuando el grupo de peregrinos llega a Milán en el libro III del Persiles de Cervantes, oyen decir a un huésped que aquel día se disputaba en la Academia
de los Entronados «si podía haber amor sin celos». Este artículo presenta algunas calas en que se analiza el trasfondo ideológico de dicho debate académico y
las ideas fundamentales del breve diálogo entre Auristela y Periandro. Al comparar este debate con perspectivas expresadas por Cervantes en otras de sus obras,
principalmente en La Galatea, se evidencia el origen estoico y cristiano (bíblico) de los conceptos de dicho debate académico
Both champions and critics of “neorealism” in contemporary international relations misinterpret David Hume as an early spokesman for a universal and scientific balance-of-power theory. This article ...instead treats Hume’s “Of the Balance of Power,” alongside the other essays in his Political Discourses (1752), as conceptual resources for a historically inflected analysis of state balancing. Hume’s defense of the balance of power cannot be divorced from his critique of commercial warfare in “Of the Balance of Trade” and “Of the Jealousy of Trade.” To better appreciate Hume’s historical and economic approach to foreign policy, this article places Hume in conversation with Machiavelli, Guicciardini, Andrew Fletcher, and Montesquieu. International relations scholars suspicious of static paradigms should reconsider Hume’s genealogy of the balance of power, which differs from the standard liberal and neorealist accounts. Well before International Political Economy developed as a formal subdiscipline, Hume was conceptually treating economics and power politics in tandem.
Using data from a sample of 182 dual-earner different-gender couples who were followed across their transition to parenthood, we adopted a dyadic approach to examine associations between expectant ...mothers’ and fathers’ attachment anxiety and avoidance in the third trimester of pregnancy and their own and their partners’ jealousy of the partner–infant relationship at 3 months postpartum. Results of an actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) revealed that expectant mothers and fathers higher in attachment anxiety reported greater jealousy of the partner–infant relationship at 3 months postpartum. The partners of expectant mothers and fathers higher in attachment anxiety also reported greater jealousy of the partner–infant relationship. There were no parent gender differences in actor or partner paths linking attachment anxiety and jealousy. Attachment avoidance was not associated with one’s own or one’s partner’s jealousy of the partner–infant relationship. An exploratory mediation analysis revealed greater jealousy of the partner–infant relationship as a potential mechanism linking higher attachment anxiety to lower dyadic adjustment at 9 months postpartum. Overall, results suggest that attachment anxiety in either partner may precipitate maladaptive relationship dynamics in the early postpartum period that may ultimately interfere with the establishment and maintenance of healthy parent–child and coparenting relationships.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Thirty-eight normally cycling women provided daily reports of sexual interests and feelings for 35 days. Near ovulation, both pair-bonded and single women reported feeling more physically attractive ...and having greater interest in attending social gatherings where they might meet men. Pair-bonded women who were near ovulation reported greater extra-pair flirtation and greater mate guarding by their primary partner. As predicted, however, these effects were exhibited primarily by women who perceived their partners to be low on hypothesized good genes indicators (low in sexual attractiveness relative to investment attractiveness). Ovulation-contingent increases in partner mate guarding were also moderated by female physical attractiveness; midcycle increases in mate guarding were experienced primarily by less attractive women, whereas more attractive women experienced relatively high levels of mate guarding throughout their cycle. These findings demonstrate ovulation-contingent shifts in desires and behaviors that are sensitive to varying fitness payoffs, and they provide support for the good genes hypothesis of human female extra-pair mating. The daily assessment method provides an important supplement to existing studies using scheduled laboratory visits as the purpose of the study (examining cycle-related variation) is not known by participants.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Background. Romantic attachment is reflected in various aspects of dyadic interaction in a couple, since it is a self-reinforcing system of cognitive, emotional and behavioral patterns. Romantic ...jealousy was shown to be associated with dimensions of attachment insecurity in various studies worldwide. Objectives. To identify differences in expressions of romantic jealousy based on romantic attachment style. To determine the influence of attachment-related anxiety and attachment-related avoidance on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral jealousy. Design. The sample comprised 171 heterosexual individuals. The “Experiences in Close Relationships – Revised” questionnaire (ECR-R; Fraley, Waller, & Brennan, 2000; adapted for Russian by Chursina, 2022) and “Multidimensional Jealousy Scale” (MJS; Pfeiffer, & Wong, 1989) were used. Results. A number of significant differences were identified between insecure and secure attachment styles. Avoidant attachment is characterized by cognitive jealousy, ambivalent attachment is characterized by cognitive and behavioral jealousy, while dismissing attachment showed no significant differences in the manifestations of jealousy in comparison with secure attachment style. Emotional jealousy is equally characteristic of all types. The primacy of romantic attachment in relation to cognitive and behavioral jealousy was also proved. Conclusion. The experience of jealousy differs among romantic attachment styles. Attachment-related anxiety is a predictor of intrusive thoughts and behavioral manifestations of jealousy, while attachment-related avoidance is less, the greater the manifestation of jealousy behaviors.
Body-related envy (when an individual desires to possess, or wishes another individual lacked, a body appearance and/or fitness characteristic) may be an important self-conscious emotion contributing ...to sport and exercise participation and experiences. However, there is a lack of validated instruments to assess body-related envy. The purpose of the present studies was to test the body-related envy scale (i.e., BREV) in adolescent girl athletes. In Study 1, factor structure of the developed items was tested using exploratory factor analysis, N = 112, M (standard deviation SD)age = 14.85(1.38) years. In Study 2, participants, N = 510, M(SD)age = 14.01(1.38) years, completed the BREV scale, and other validated measures of body image, physical self-concept, affect, emotion, and sport experiences. Across studies, the theorized two-factor structure for BREV (appearance and fitness subscales) was supported. Each subscale demonstrated adequate internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. The appearance and fitness subscales of the BREV also appropriately integrated into existing and validated measures of body appearance and fitness self-conscious emotions (shame, guilt, authentic pride, hubristic pride, envy). The eight-item BREV measure is a reliable and valid measure of body-related envy in adolescent girls, furthering our understanding of this emotion within the context of girls sport.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
Social media use has previously been shown to have negative implications for cognition. Scarce research has examined underlying pathways through which social media use may influence cognition. One ...potential pathway involves the consequences of social comparison, such that those who use social media more frequently may feel worse about themselves and more envious toward others. In turn, these negative socioemotional states could compromise memory. Further, whether an individual uses social media actively or passively may moderate these associations. Using an online adult life span sample (n = 592), the current cross-sectional study examined whether socioemotional consequences of social comparison (self-esteem and envy) mediated relationships between social media use and memory (everyday memory failures and episodic memory) and whether active/passive use moderated these associations. Mediation models revealed that higher envy, but not lower self-esteem, partially explained the relationship between higher social media use and more self-reported everyday memory failures. Neither envy nor self-esteem mediated the relationship between higher social media use and lower objective episodic memory performance. Additionally, higher social media use was associated with higher envy to a greater extent for active users compared with passive users. These findings may suggest that high social media use has negative ramifications for both subjective and objective memory and that increased feelings of envy may partially explain these effects for subjective, but not objective, memory.
Public Policy Relevance StatementHigh social media use may have negative ramifications for both subjective and objective memory, and feelings of envy partially explained this association for subjective memory, but not objective memory. Future intervention research should investigate whether targeting social media use may benefit socioemotional as well as cognitive outcomes in adulthood.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
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